定语从句的基本概念

定语从句（2） 复习：定语从句的基本概念： 1．定语从句：修饰一个____名词__或代词的__从___句 2．先行词： 被____定语从句___修饰的名词或代词                                          关系代词     先行词若为人，关系代词为 _that who whom，                                              在定语从句中可作 主 宾 表 成分。 3．                     先行词若为物，关系代词为_that which 在定语    关系词                   从句中可作主 宾 表成分。                                                                                                                                 先行词是人或物，关系代词为whose, 它在定语从句中                    作定语成分，表示_....的_______意思。 关系副词 when where why_ 4.注意：先行词为物，只用that 不用which的情况                                  新课： 一．介词+关系代词which或whom引导定语从句 1．关系代词可在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且关系代词可以省略；介词也可提到关系代词的前面去，但此时关系代词只限定用which或whom，不可省略。 Eg.  1) This is the hero (that/whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud. 2) She is the girl (whom /that) I went with there.    She is the girl with whom I went there. 3 ) The room (that/ which) I live in is very big.     The room in which I live is very big. 注：固定词组不可分, 即介词不能提前，如: look after, look for，take care of  … This is the boy (whom) she has taken care of. 这就是那个她照顾的非常好的男孩。 That is a book(which / that) I am looking for 这是一本我正在寻找的书。 练练吧：I. 转换句型 1) English literature is a subject that /which I am very interested in .              = English literature is a subject _in which_ I am very interested.        2) Daniel is a person who/whom/that I want to make friends with.        = Daniel is a person _with whom_ I want to make friends.        3) I like the play that/which I have learnt a lot from.        = I like the play from which I have learnt a lot .        4) I like Charles Dickens, the great English writer who/whom/that our Chinese teacher talked about just now.         = I like Charles Dickens, the great English writer about whom our Chinese teacher talked just now.  II. 翻译句子，关注介词的来由。   1）Can you tell me about the boss for whom you are working? 2）There is a big hole on the wall through which he can see what’s happening inside. 3）The train by which he is travelling is arriving. 4）In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. 5）He found something about which he could write . 2.“介词 + 关系代词”中的介词的确定 主要有以下三种确定方法： ① 根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词搭配来选用介词。如： The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.  (speak to) The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.  (be famous for). ② 根据先行词来确定介词。如： Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems. (at the meeting) ③ 根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。如： In front of the house Tom is planting a tree, under which he will be able to sit and read some day. 练练吧: I. 用适当的介词或介词+关系代词填空 1.  This is the car __for__which I paid 100$. 2. This is the car ___on_which I spent 100$. 3. This is the car __by__which I go to work every day. 4. This is the car _without______ which I can’t go to work. 5. This is the car __by__which the old man was knocked down. 6. This is the car __at__which a boy threw a stone. 7. This is the car __about_____ which we talked. 8. This is the car __of__which the window was broken. 9.Daniel is the person  _to____ whom_____ I talked just now.                      ___with__ __whom___ I worked together.                      ___from__ __whom___ I learned the news. 10.This is the place _in____ _which____ I was born. 11.This is the day _on ____ _which____ they met each other. 12.This is the reason __for___ _which____ he didn’t come yesterday. II．根据句意填入空白处相应的介词+关系代词： 1. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _through__which_____ he could see what was happening inside the house. 2. The age _at___which____ children can go to school is seven. 3. Do you know the building __above___which___ a red flag is flying . 4. The dog, __of___which_ she used to be afraid, is her favourite animal now. 5. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. by which time many people have gone home. 6. The speed _at__which_____ Tom drives his car is too high. 7. Tom is the boy __with whom_ I went to the cinema together. 8. The stories about Lei Feng, _of which this is one example, are well written. [NextPage] III.句型转换(每空限填一词)： 1. They live in a house, whose windows are made of glass. 　　 They live in a house, _of_which_the windows are made of glass. 2. He has two daughters, and both of them are college students. 　 　He has two daughters, _both of whom_ are college students. 3. China has hundreds of islands, and the largest of them is Tai Wan. 　　 China has hundreds of islands, ____of which_ the largest is Tai Wan. 4. Can you think of a situation where this word is used? 　　 Can you think of a situation ___in_which_ this word is used? 5. China has a lot of famous writers and Lu Xun is one of them. 　　  China has a lot of famous writers,, one of whom__ is Lu Xun. 6. This was the real reason why he was late for yesterday's meeting. 　　  This was the real reason __for which_ he was late for yesterday's meeting. 7. This kind of colorless gas is called oxygen. We can't live without it. 　　  This kind of colorless gas _without which_ we can't live is called oxygen. 8. The person you should send this letter to is Mr. Ball. 　　  The person ___to whom_ you should send this letter is Mr. Ball. 9. There was a time in history when black slaves could be bought and sold in America. There was a time in history _during which__ black slaves could be bought and sold in America.   注： way  作为先行词，在定语从句中作状语, 表示：以 。。。的方式,关系词可用that/ in which/省略。 1) I don’t like the way ___that/ in which__ you speak to her.  2) Can you tell me the way that the machine works? 　　  Can you tell me the way ___ in which___ the machine works? 二.关系副词引导定语从句 用关系副词来引导定语从句， 先行词通常为时间，地点，原因，，且在定语从句中作状语时（表示：when在…时间，where在…地点， why因为…的原因） eg .1）He remember the day when his father died. 2）I went back to the place where I was born and grew up. 3）Please give me the reason why you were late this time.  1． 定语从句中何时用关系代词、何时用关系副词? 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词when ,where ,why 即：当先行词为时间，地点，原因的词时，可考虑用when, where, why。但是，若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，就用which或that。 Practice: I.请用that, which, when, where, why填空. 1. I’ll never forget the days______________ we worked together. (when) 2. I’ll never forget the days ___________    we spent together.(which) 3. I went to the place          I worked ten years ago.(where) 4. I went to the place _____________ I visited ten years ago.(which/that) 5. This is the reason ____________ he was late.(why) 6. This is the reason _____________he gave.(which/that) 7）We often think of the days____ we spent together in the countryside.(which/that) 8）This is the village_________ is full of love.(which) 9）Do you believe the reason _______________he explain to you yesterday.(which) II．单项选择 1. I can still remember the sitting－room ____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening． 　　   A． what　　B． which　　C． that　　D． where 　　    2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child． 　　   A． which　　B． where　　C． that　　D． when 　　3.  I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers， ____ has a great effect on my life． A． that；which　　B．when；which　　C．which；that　D．when；who 4.  I lived in Beijing， ______ is the capital of China． 　　   A． which　　 B． where　　 C． in which　　 D． it 5． He still remembered the days _____ we spent together． 　　   A． which　　 B． when　　 C． where　　 D． as 6． He still remembered the days _____ we stayed together happily． 　　   A． which　　 B． when　　 C． where　　 D． as 7． The reason _____ he gave us was that his car broke down on the way． 　　   A． why　　 B． which　　 C． how　　 D． what 8． The reason _____ he was late was that his car broke down on the way． 　　   A． why　　 B． which　　 C． how　　 D． what 9. The farm ________ we worked last summer has now taken a new look. 　　  A. at which        B. in which   C. above which      D. on which 10. The short play _______our monitor acted yesterday evening was very successful. 　　  A. at which          B. in which    C. as which           D. on which 11. He finally found his sister________ he had lost touch for nearly twenty years. 　　  A. to whom          B. for whom   C. with whom        D. of whom 12. In fact, I don’t like the way ________ Mr. Wang deals with his students. 　　  A. with which        B. by which   C. from which        D. in which 13. Mr. Li, ________ we have made great progress in maths, will go abroad to study for a year. 　　  A. by the help of him        B. helped by whom 　　  C. with the help of whom     D. under the help of whom 　注：关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which” 结构互换。例如： There are some days each month when (= during which) one must feel depressed.　 Beijing is the place where (= in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (= for which) he refused our offer?