2020年中考英语一轮复习代词用法复习附答案

中考英语代词用法复习 一、基本概念和分类 代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代 词和不定代词等等。 【讲解】按照这个思维导图告诉代词有哪些分类，然后让学生直接在每个类别下面写上自己知道的单词，看 学生掌握情况。由于人称代词物主代词都比较初级，所以不展开讲，中考的重难点还是不定代词以及不 定代词主谓一致的情况。 1、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 2、物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。 1）形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如： Is that your umbrella? / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays. / They are their books. 2）名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后 面千万不可以跟名词。 如：This is your cup,but where is mine? / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small. 3）“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如： A friend of mine came to see me yesterday. [试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday. (指我的那 个特定的朋友来看我。) 3、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。 第 一人 称单 数 第 二 人 称单数 第 三 人 称 单 数 第一人称 复数 第二人称 复数 第三人称复数阳 性 阴 性 中 性 myself (我自 己) yourself (你自己) himself (他自己) herself (她自己) itself (它自己) ourselves (我们自己) yourselves (你们自己) themselves (他们/她们 /它们自己) 1）、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如： Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself. 2)、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如： The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well. 典型例题 1. Please tell _____ about it if _____ doesn’t know. A. her; herself B. she; she C. her; she D. hers; her 答案:C 2. ______ office is much larger than _______. A. Ours; yours B. Our; yours C. Their; your D. Your; their’s 答案：B 3）指示代词： 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。 单数 复数 含义 this(这个) these(这些) 指较近的人和物 that(那个) those(那些) 指较远的人和物 such (这样的人/物) 指上文提过的人和物 same (同样的人/物) 指和上文提过的相同的人和物 it (这人/这物) 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时 指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。如： What’s this? / That model plane is made of plastic. (被动句) / Remember never to do such things. / Do the same as the teacher tells you. / ---Who is it? ---It’s me! 4、连接代词：用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。 英语中连接代词主要有：what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。详见相应从句。 5、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。 单数 含义 some any no none / / each (every) one either, neither so the other, another 复合不 定代词 不可数 含义 much little, a little all / / / / / 复数 含义 many few, a few ones both others, the others 注：复合不定代词有 12 个：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything (任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). 6、相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。 each other ,one another 是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。each other 表示两者之间,而 one anther 表 示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式 each other’s ,one another’s。如： We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我们身处困境时要互相帮助。) / They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他们坐在那儿,互相都不说话。) 7、疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。 1）、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever 主要用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在 句首。口语中也常用 who 代替 whom 作宾语,但在介词后则只能用 whom。如： Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party? / What does she want to be when she grows up? 2）、who 和 whom 只能独立使用,其中 who 可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom 只能作谓语动词的 宾语；而 what、which、whose 等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语,也可以与名词构成疑问短语。 如： Who is that man? / What colour are their hats? / Which car was made in Germany?(被动句) 注意这个提问：The man in the car is my father. →Which man is your father? 3）、which 除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进 行提问。如：People there live a very sad life.→Which people live a sad life? / --Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?—The biggest one in Haikou. 4）、疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但是通常用单数；如果修饰名词,则以名词的单 复数为准。如：Who is (are) in that playhouse? / What is that? / What are those? / What colours do they have? 常考代词分类辨析 1)some 和 any 的用法： some 一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如： I have some work to do today. / They will go there some day. some 用于疑问句时,表建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would you like some coffee with sugar? any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。 如：They didn’t have any friends here. / Have you got any questions to ask? any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何一个”，后接可数名词单数形式 any other 任何其他的一个，后接可数名词单数形式 China is larger than any country in Asia. China is larger than any other in Africa. 例题: Bill is taller than _________student in his class。 A. any B. any other C. anyone D. one 答案: B 2)no 和 none 的用法： no 是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如：There is no time left. Please hurry up. / They had no reading books to lend. none 只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。 如：None of them is/are in the classroom)/ I have many books, but none is interesting. 【讲解】None 其实就等于 no+one 区分 none , no one 和 nothing 一.no one 和 nothing 后不可加 of 短语 二.none 与 all 相对，既能指物又可指人，作主语时谓语根据主语的具体指代可以采用复数或单数。no one 只 能指人，作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数。 三 在回答 how many 引起的问句中，表示没有人时用 none。在回答 who 引起的问句时，表示没有人用 no one 四 单纯表示数量上的没有时要用 none 典型例题 1. We were all asleep a moment ago. ___ of us heard the sound. A. Both B. All C. Neither D. None 答案：D 2. The students all go to the PE class, _______is in the classroom. A. None B everyone C Nothing D No one. 答案：D 3. -Can I have some more ice cream , Mum? -Sorry, There is left in the fridge. A. none B. nothing C. no one D. Anything 答案：B 3)all 和 both 的用法： all 指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。 both 指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all 和 both 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语 如：I know all of the four British students in their school. / --Would you like this one or that one? – Both. all 和 both 既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)” 的形式,其中的 of 可以省略。如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty. 典型例题 1、I have two friends. ______ of them are at school.来 A. Both B. Neither C. Each D. All 答案：A 2、I didn’t know which book was better, so I took them ___. A. all B. both C. none D. each 答案：B 4)every 和 each 用法： every 是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念； each 是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each 可以 放在名词前,可以后跟 of 短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be 动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行 为动词之前 every 和 each 都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如 he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如 they/them/their)替代。如：Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生 学习都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干) 5)either 和 neither 的用法： either 意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither 是 either 的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。 neither 和 either 在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。 如：I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. / --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train. 【讲解】neither 其实就是 no+either 思考： either … or… neither… nor… not only… but also… both…and… 连接两个名词作主语时谓语动词的单复数情况 典型例题 —When shall we meet again next time? —________ day is all right. A. Any B. None C. Either D. Neither 答案：A other, the other, another, others, the others 的区别。 用 法 代名词 形容词 单数 复数 单数 复数 不定 another 另一个 others 别人，其他人 another (boy) 另一个（男孩） other (boys) 其他男孩 特定 the other 另一个 the others 其余那些人、物 the other (boy) 另一个男孩 the other (boys) 其余那些男孩 another/other/the other/others 的用法： ① one… the other 用于只有两个的情况下，一定范围内两人(物)，一个用 one，另一个用 the other。 one… the others 用于有三个以上的情况下，一定范围内三者以上，一个用 one，其余的用 the others。 例句： Some students are inside the classroom but the other students are outside the classroom. This girl is good at English. How about the other three? ② some… others 没有范围的情况下，一些，另一些。 some …the others 一定范围内的一些，其余的。 例句：Some people like playing badminton and others like playing volleyball. 一些人爱打羽毛球，而另一些人喜欢打排球。 Some students are playing badminton on the playground and the others are playing volleyball. 一些学生正在操场上打羽毛球，其他学生在打排球。 ③ one… one（another）, the other 一定范围内三者，一个用 one，另一个用 one (another)，第三个可用 the other。 ④ others = other people / things 泛指别的人或物时，用 others 当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但 不是全部时，也用 others。 注意：other 后面需要加名词的复数形式 例句：Some students are playing football and other students are playing basketball. ⑤ another: 泛指另一个,不与 the 连用, 只能跟可数名词单数。 例句：I don't like this one, will you please show me another We asked him to sing us another song. 【讲解】先别慌着死记硬背，先看看这仨有啥差异，其实就是 other 前面加了个 the，加了个 an，这样一来， 问题变得很简单，懂得 the 和 an 的用法区别，就搞定了这仨的区别。 典型例题 1.After hearing all the songs on the list, the fans asked the singer to sing __________ one. A. other B. the other C. another D. others 2. Don’t lose heart. Why not have try? A. other B. another C. the other D. the others 3. Young students ought to learn to lend a hand to_____when they are in difficulties. A. one B. the other C. another D. others 4.Every time I go to watch a movie, something keeps me from enjoying the film. Some people arrive late, ______ talk loudly. A. the other B. others C. the others D. Another 5.If you don’t like the style of the shoes, you can ask the clerk to bring you _____ pair. A. another B. other C. the other D.others 6.It was a terrible accident. One passenger was killed, and ____ was badly hurt. A. the others B. the other C. others D. the rest 7. Parents should let their children learn to do something__________ ____. A. them B. their C. theirs D. themselves 8.The girl has some balloons in her hand. One is red, ______ are yellow. A. others B. another C. the other D. the rest 9. Grandpa Li has three sons. One is in Shanghai. ______ is in Guangzhou and _____ is in Beijing. A. Another; another B. The other; the other C. Another; the other D. The other; another 10. We found _______ very important to learn a foreign language well. A. this B. that C. it D. it’s 11. Aunt Wang has a shopping bag in one hand. What's in_____________hand? A. her other B. others C. other D. her the other 12.My cousin made__________mistakes in the test. His mother wasn't satisfied with his study. A. no B. a little C. few D. quite a few 13. Bret, an old friend of , has decided to give up drinking to protect his health. A. my father B. my fathers C. my father's D. my fathers' 14.I can’t understand why Steven bought so many watches but never wears ________ of them. A. any B. both C. another D. others 15. --Which camera do you like better, the home-made or the imported? --______ .The home-made is too small while the imported is too expensive. A. Both B. All C. None D. Neither 答案：1-5 CBDBA 6-10 BDDCC 11-15 ADCAD 7)many 和 much 的用法： many 后接可数名词复数 too many much 后接不可数名词 too much much too 很，非常 还可做副词修饰比较级 far , even, still, a lot, a little, a bit 8)few、little、a few、a little 的用法： few、little 意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little 意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有 肯定的意思 ；few、a few 与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little 与不可数名词连用或代 替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如： He is very poor and he has little money. / Don’t worry. There is still a little time left./ In that polar region there live few people. / You can get a few sweets from him. 典型例题 The film is not interesting. _______ like it. A. Little B. A little C. Few D. A few 答案：C 9)复合不定代词 somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody 等是由 some , any ,no ,every, 加上 body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。 somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody,anyone 一般用于疑问句、否定 句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。 如：Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door. Did you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday? He has nothing much to do today. 典型例题. 1. Is there _______ in today’s newspaper? A. something important B. important anything C. anything important D. important everything 答案：A 2. All of them have gone out. There is ______ in the classroom. A. somebody B. anyone C. everybody D. nobody 答案：D 10)one 与 ones 用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which 等。如： Which jacket would you like, this one or that one? / I don’t like the green ones. 11)so 可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。如： I don’t think so. / He lost a book. So did I. so, such 的区别值得深究 so …that… …so that …. such… that… (12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of 的区别： 五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”： a lot of(或 lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为 much 和 many。 plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large numbers of 只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可 以换为 some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of 只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为 much。 如：A lot of people think that time is money. / I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time. / I have a number of letters to write today. / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping. 13)none、no one、nobody 的区别： no one 和 nobody 都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟 of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；none 表示“没 有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟 of 短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。如：No one knows how he managed to get the ticket. / Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday. / None of my friends came to see me that day. 强化练习 1. Computers are super calculators, we usually call electronic brains. A. their B. theirs C. them D. themselves 2. I still feel hungry after eating two rice dumplings. Could you please give me one? A. the other B. other C. another D. others 3. ---Which book do you prefer? --- is OK. I like reading all kinds of books. A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. None 4. If you save every day, you'll be able to buy a mobile in a year. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 5. Kevin is so independent that he always tries to do everything by . (he) 6. –Where did you but the nice card? --I made it by __________. A. I B. me C. myself D. mine 7. Peter’s parents are good at physics, but _______ of them is good at English. A. all B. both C. neither D. none 8. I need _____ bananas to make fruit salad. Could you please buy some? A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 9. I don't like the colour of the scarf. Please show me one. A. the other B. another C. other D. the others 10. I asked my friend for some ink, but she didn't have . A. some B. any C. no D. a lot 11. Mr. Smith taught English when we were the students in university. (we) 12. Fancy is a pleasant girl with a cheerful face. She is a good friend of _______. A .I B. my C. me D. mine 13. – Which place do you prefer to live in, a city or a countryside? -- I don’t care. ________ is fine. A. Either B. Neither C. All D. None 14. The students are busy with the survey on classmates’ spending habits. (they) 15. It is no doubt that Liu Xiang is _______ favourite star. A. us B. we C. our D. ours 16Joseph has collected many rare stamps. Some were given by his friends,_____were bought from the Internet. A. the others B. other C. others D. the others 17.Parents should understand that they can't do_____for their children and kids have to learn to be independent. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything 18.Enjoy______at the party, boys and girls.(you) 19. Teenagers should learn to protect _______ from all kinds of danger. A. they B. them C. their D. themselves 20. We have two foreign teachers here. One is from England, and ________ is from America. A. another B. the other C. other D. the others 21. May I use your laptop? I left at home this morning. (my) 22.We can do nothing about yesterday. When one door closes, ______ door opens. A. another B. other C. others D. the others 23.The guests were told to introduce _____ before the opening ceremony. (they) 24. This is not Kitty's dictionary.________ has an orange cover. A. She B.Her C. Herself D. Hers 25. The play was not interesting, so there were ____ empty seals in the theatre. A. a little B. a lot C. many D. much 26. I felt so hungry at midnight, but I couldn't find ________ to eat in my flat. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing 27. Students should be taught how to learn by __________. (they) 28. I happened to meet a friend of in the bookstore yesterday afternoon. A. I B.me C. my D.mine 29. The English guest could speak only Chinese, but she managed to communicate with us. A. few B. little C. a little D. a few 30. There is something wrong with my bike, but I can repair it by . (I) 31. The performance of Class A students is much better than of Class B students. A. one B.that C. those D.this 32. We should never be satisfied with book knowledge. We also need practical experience. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little 33. Many people post photos of on Facebook. They get to know each other on Facebook. A. them B. theirs C. themselves D. ourselves 34. You know Mike's hobby is playing football, but is collecting stamps. (I) 35. We’ve decided to decorate our new flat by ____ this weekend. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves 36. There isn’t much bread here, but you can take ____ if you want to. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 37. In the modern world, _______ young people are interested in cormorant fishing. A. a few B. few C. lots of D. some 38. -Have you brought _______ with you? We won’t have time to come back. -Don’t worry. All the things we need are here, in this big bag. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 39 . Tom. Mary can't open the box. can you give ______ a helping hand? A. she B. her C. hers D. herself 40. Excuse me, sir. I bought the shoes yesterday, but they are in different sizes. One is size 37, _____is size 38. A. the others B. other C. another D. the other 答案： 1—5 CCBC himself 6—10 CCBBB 11—15 us ; D A their C 16—20 CC yourselves D B 21—25 mine ,A themselves D C 26—30 C themselves D C myself 31—35 BDC mine D 36—40 DBDBD