2020年中考英语一轮复习冠词用法讲解

中考英语冠词用法讲解 考点 1、冠词用法 冠词的句法功能 1．a 和 an 的区别 不定冠词有 a 和 an 两种形式，a 用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an 用于元音音素(不是元音 字母)开头的词前。 元音字母开头但发辅音因素用 a : university, European（欧洲的, useful, unit, uniform an hour, an island, an elephant, an umbrella, an eleven/eight-year-old boy 八个辅音字母但发元音因素用 an : F, H, L, M ,N, R, S, X 典型例题 误］“Can you help me” “Sorry, I'm in hurry.” ［正］“Can you help me” “Sorry. I'm in a hurry.” 批注：不定冠词主要的难点是用在固定词组中，如： have a walk/a rest /a look in a hurry 匆匆忙忙 make a face 作鬼脸 do somebody a favour 帮某人忙 a number of =many have a good time (玩得好) have a cold (感冒) have a headache (头痛) have a break=have a rest（休息一下） 2． 定冠词的用法 典型例题 易错题辨析： 4.［误］I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good. ［正］I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good. 批注：在文章中第一次提到某物时用不定冠词，而第二次提到时用定冠词。 5.［误］Please turn off lights before you leave. ［正］Please turn off the lights before you leave. 批注：虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指，也应用定冠词。 6.［误］There are nine planets around a sun. ［正］There are nine planets around the sun. 批注：世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea. 7.［误］I live on a second floor of this building. ［正］I live on the second floor of this building. 批注：在序数词，形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如：He is the oldest in the family. 8.［误］I want to learn the second language this term. ［正］I want to learn a second language this term. 批注：在序数词的含意不是顺序中的第一第二，而其意在于再学一个，再来一个时，应用 a，本句的意思应 为：这学期我要学一门第二外语。 9.［误］Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world. ［正］The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world. 批注：在河流名称前应加定冠词，如：the Yellow River(黄河)。 10.［误］Look, there are Alp. ［误］Look, there are the Alp. ［正］Look, there are the Alps. 批注：具体的某一座山不加定冠词，如：Mountain Tai.但在山名称前加定冠词后，其山名要加 s，来表示山 脉。the Alps 即为阿尔卑斯山脉。如:The Alps are in the center of Europe. 11.［误］Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world. ［正］The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world. 批注：报刊名称前应加定冠词。 12.［误］Rich are not always happy. ［正］The rich are not always happy. 批注：在形容词前加定冠词表示一类人，而在姓的前面加定冠词，姓后加 s 表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York. 13.［误］The sun rises in east. ［正］The sun rises in the east. 批注：在方向、方位前应用定冠词，如：in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及 in the past, in the future. 3. 零冠词的用法 【难点】 用与不用冠词的差异 1. in hospital 住院/in the hospital 在医院里 2. in front of 在……(外部的)前面/in the front of 在……(内部的)前面 3. take place 发生/take the place(of)代替 4. go to school 上学/go to the school 到学校去 5. next year 明年/the next year 第二年 6.a teacher and writer 一位教师兼作家(一人)/a teacher and a writer 一位教师和一位作家(两人) 典型例题 易错题辨析： 14.［误］Would you please buy some food for the supper ［正］Would you please buy some food for supper 批注：泛指一日三餐前无定冠词。 15.［误］I like to climb the mountain in the autumn. ［正］I like to climb the mountain in autumn. 批注：一年四季前不用定冠词，如：Spring is the best season in a year. 16.［误］Sometimes my parents come to school to see me. ［正］Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me. 批注：有些名词被用作其本身原来所含目的时不加冠词，如：go to school 上学，leave school(辍学)， after school(放学)，但如果当建筑物讲时应加冠词，如例句中其父母来校不是上学，而是看 望孩子，则要加定冠词。又如：He was in hospital for two days.(他在医院住院两天了。)而：He went to the hospital to see his mother.他去医院看望他的母亲。 17.［误］I went to New York by his car. ［正］I went to New York by car. ［正］I went to New York in his car. 批注：by 仅仅与交通工具相连表示应用某种工具，而加了别的修饰词后其前面的介词也应作相应的转换。 如：by car (坐小汽车)by taxi (坐出租车)by bike (骑自行车)by water (乘船)by air (乘飞机)by sea (乘船) 4. 冠词与形容词+名词结构 1) 两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。 He raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。 The black and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。 2) 如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。 He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。 5. 冠词位置 1) 不定冠词位置 不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意： a. 位于下列形容词之后： such，what，many，half I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job. b. 当名词前的形容词被副词 as, so, too, how, however, enough 修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之 后： It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. so short a time. too long a distance. c. quite，rather 与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。 但当 rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quite a lot 2) 定冠词位置 定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在 all，both，double，half，twice，three times 等 词之后，名词之前。 All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了。 ［误］Mary began to learn how to play piano when she was three. ［正］Mary began to learn how to play the piano when she was three. 批注：在乐器前要加定冠词，而在球类游戏之前则不要加冠词，如：They like to play bridge when they are free. (他们空闲时爱打桥牌) 批注：以上内容总结为速记口诀：名词是秃子，常要戴帽子。可数名词单，须用 a 或 an。辅音前用 a，an 在 原音前。若为特指时，则须用定冠。复数不可数，泛指 the 不见。碰到代词时，定冠均不见。 强化练习 1. There will be _____ interview between the manager and his assistants this afternoon.. A. an B. a C. the D. / 2. Little Tony is __________honest boy. He never tells lies. A. a B. an C. / D. the 3. Please stay for dinner. It will be ready in half ______ hour. A. a B. an C. the D. / 4. Can you see _____ one-eyed cow in _____field? A.．an, the B.．a, the C.．/, the D.．a, a 5. A: Which girl is your daughter, Mr. White? B: Oh, look, that little one in red. A. a B. an C. / D. the 6. His father is ________ engineer. He always wears _______ uniform at work. A. a...a B. a...an C. an...a D. an...an 7. ______ young man beside me is _______ university student. A. An…a B. An…/ C. The…an D. The…a 8. ______ girl with a toy in her hand is my little sister. A. A B. An C. The D. / 9. My friend, Harry, his favorite sport is playing ______golf. A. a B. an C. the D. / 10. Last week, I wrote ______ article on our School Food Festival to Shanghai Students’ Post. A. the B. an C. a D. / 11. It’s ______ pleasure for me to be invited to play _____ piano at the concert. A. the, a B. a, the C. a, a D. a, / 12. I like to read ______ book. It’s better than reading on the Internet. A. / B. a C. an D. The 13. He ordered a book some time ago and now __book has arrived. A. a B. the C. an D. / 14. He ordered a washing machine by phone two days ago, and machine has arrived. A. a B. an C. the D. / 15. __________ teacher said that Jack was__________ new student and he was________ honest. A. The, a, \ B. A, the, a C. A, a, an D. The, a, an 16. Tom likes playing ______football, while Lily likes playing violin. A. the…/ B. / …the C. the…the D. /…/ 17. Please get everything ready. Our meeting will begin in half ______ hour. A. a B. an C. the D. / 18. It’s about half ________ hour’s walk from here to _________ nearest underground station. A. a…the B. an…the C. /…the D. the…a 19. More college graduates would like to work in ______ west part of our country____ next year. A. the, the B. /,/ C. /, the D. the, / 20. My grandpa used to have ______ walk in the garden after ____ supper. A. a, a B. /, a C. a, / D. /, / 21. The scientists from _____ United States live in ______ Ninth Street. A. the, the B. /, the C. /, / D. the, / 22. There is ____ report in today’s newspaper. It’s about the International Film Festival,Shanghai. A. a B. an C. the D. / 23. Mr. Wang is ___ ambulance man. He is always busy with the work. A. a B. the C. an D. The 24. The old lady teaches children to play ______ piano at a weekend school. A. a B. an C. the D.／ 25. Linda always takes ______ active part in sports after school. A. / B. a C. an D. the 26. Can I have ______look at the photo of your pen friend. A.a B.an C./ D.the 27.My brother likes drawing very much and his dream is to become_____ architect. A.the B. a C, an D,/ 28. In the United States, Father’s Day is on ________ third Sunday in June. A. a B. an C. the D./ 29. Anna ordered a square umbrella from the Taobao net last week and now ______ umbrella has arrived. A. a B. an C. the D. / 30. Cindy, do you have _______ e-mail addresses? I want to send you some photos. A. a B. an C. the D./ 31. Cormorant fishing is _______ traditional Chinese skill, but few people know it now. A. a B. an C. the D./ 32. The soldier ran down the stairs, two at time. A. a B. an C. the D. / 33.I can see a small dog in the garden. dog is my neighbour's. A. A B.The C. / D. An 34. “Who knows the _______ answer to the question?” the teacher asked. A. a B. an C. the D. / 35. The double Ninth Festival reminds us to respect ____ elderly. A. a B. an C. the D. / 36. Please take short shower and don't waste water. A. a B.an C. the D. / 37. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor (珍珠港) of the united States in December, 1941. A./ B.a C.an D. the 38. Diana often helps her mother lay ________ table before dinner. A. a B. an C. the D./ 39. There is "h" in the word •'honest", but it is not pronounced. A./ B.a C.an D. the 40. My parents asked me to send them e-mail once a week. A. a B. an C. the D. / 41. It's so hot. Let's go for swim, shall we? A./ B.a C.an D.the 42.At least 89 people were killed when _______ fire took place in a hospital in the eastern Indian city of Calcutta. A. / B. a C. an D. the 43. We are planning______ one-day trip to Century Park during the winter holidays. ______trip must be full of fun, I think. A. a, The B. an, The C. the, A D. the, The 44. Linda got up very late this morning and she went to school in hurry. A./ B.a C.an D. the