2013届高考英语语法形容词和副词复习

2013年普通高考英语科语法知识网络 专题04  形容词和副词 I. 形容词 1.形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置 1 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时 nobody absent, everything possible 2 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available, the only solution possible 3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置 the only person awake 4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long 5 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 6 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with 7 enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修饰形容词或副词时要后置 ______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(NMET2000) A.Brave enough students      B.Enough breave students  C.Students brave enough       D.Students enough brave 注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序 熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。 规则：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。 ▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京卷) A. pretty little Spanish   B. Spanish little pretty   C. Spanish pretty little   D. little pretty Spanish 2.复合形容词的构成 1 形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 6 名词+形容词 world-famous 2 形容词+形容词 dark-blue 7 名词+现在分词 peace-loving 3 形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking 8 名词+过去分词 snow-covered 4 副词+现在分词 hard-working 9 数词+名词+ed three-egged 5 副词+过去分词 newly-built 10 数词+名词 twenty-year 3.形容词（短语）作伴随状语 As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 当他看着山羊的时候，山羊翻了个身，死了。 Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困难，他们宁愿走好走的路。 II.副词的分类： 1 时间副词 soon, now, early, finally, once, recently 5 频度副词 always, often, frequently, seldom, never 2 地点副词 here, nearby, outside, upwards, above 6 疑问副词 how, where, when, why 3 方式副词 hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really 7 连接副词 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile 4 程度副词 almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 8 关系副词 when, where, why III. 形容词和副词的比较等级 形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。 项   目 例  句 同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as… She is as tall as her mother. I am not as/ so good a player as you are. 双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 （+ than）” 的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方阴藏起来的情况。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one). 表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示 This room is less beautiful than that one. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型 The harder you work, the more progress you will make 用比较级来表达最高级的意思 I have never spent a more worrying day. 我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。 （意为：我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。） 倍数的表达 表达法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。 表达法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 表达法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours. 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。 用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double. 注意：1. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal； 2. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect，superior,junior等。