2022 届英语语法精讲精练微专题
主谓一致教师版
考点清单一、就远一致
要点精讲：主语后面跟有下列介词或介词短语 with，along with，together with, as well as, rather than,
including, like, but, except，谓语动词在人称与数上应与前边的主语一致。
例 1：No one but John and his teachers knows the truth of the experiment.
例 2：Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to my forty-ninth birthday party last Friday.
例 3：Alice, together with her friends, was praised for having won honor for their school.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. (2019 江苏改编) The musician along with his band members ______________(give) ten performances in the
last three months.
2. (2019 天津改编)Amy, as well as her brothers, _____________ (give) a welcome when returning to the village
last week.
3. (2017 天津改编)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _____________(regard) as one of the
best all-round forms of exercise.
【答案与解析】
1. has given。in the last three months 常与现在完成时连用；along with his band members 是介词短语，真正
主语是 The musician。故答案是 has given。
2. was given。last week 常与一般过去时连用；as well as her brothers 表示“也，而且”，谓语与真正的主语 Tom
保持一致，单数意义，又是被动语态。故答案是 was given。
3. is regarded。Nowadays 常与一般现在时连用；along with jogging and swimming 是介词短语，真正主语是
cycling，单数意义，又是被动含义。故答案是 is regarded。
考点清单二、就近一致
要点精讲 1：并列连词 either…or…, neither…nor…, not…but, not only…but also…等连接并列主语时，谓
语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。
例 4：Is either he or you not telling the truth?
例 5：Not only you but also she is to blame for the traffic accident.
例 6：Neither the leader nor the farmers are responsible for the heavy losses.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
4. Either you or one of your students _______ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
5. Not only I but also David and Iris _______ (be) fond of playing basketball.
6._____ (be) either he or you to host the Talent Show in our school this year?
【答案与解析】
4. is。either…or…表示“或者……或者……”，这里距离谓语最近的主语是 one of your students，单数意义。
be to do 表示按计划将要发生，故答案是 is。
5. are。not only…but also…表示“不但……而且……”，这里距离谓语最近的主语是 David and Iris，复数意
义。故答案是 are。
6. Is。neither…not…表示“既不……也不……”，本句是一般疑问句，因此谓语的一部分移到句首，距离谓
语最近主语是 he，单数意义。故答案是 Is。
要点精讲 2：There be 句型及 The following 句型语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。
例 7：There is a pencil and two dictionaries on the desk.
例 8：There are two dictionaries and a pencil on the desk.
例 9：The following is the information about plays which will be on these days.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
7. The following _______ (be) some other examples for you to refer to.
8. There _______(be) millions of websites on the Internet and there _______(be) a lot of useful information on the
websites.
9. Between the two rows of trees __________(stand) the newly built teaching building.
【答案与解析】
7. are。The following….属于倒装句，be 动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。本句主语是 some other
examples，故答案是 are。
8. are; is。There be…句型属于倒装句，be 动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。两句主语分别是 millions of
websites 和 a lot of useful information，故答案是 are; is。
9. stands。本句是介词短语位于句首构成倒装句，真正的主语是 the newly built teaching building，单数意义。
故答案是 stands。
考点清单三、意义一致
要点精讲 1：family, class, committee, team, group, crew, audience 等集体名词强调整体谓语用单数，强调
成员谓语用复数。
例 10：The football team is made up of 23 members.
例 11：The football team are taking their training course on the playground.
例 12：All the crew are on board except the electrician.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
10. Her family_________ (be) larger than mine and her family __________ (watch) TV now.
11. After hearing his inspiring speech, the audience _____________(move) by his story and his words.
12. The committee _________ (make) up of 20 members, who _________ (be) all experts in medicine.
【答案与解析】
10. is；are watching。该句意为：他们家庭比我们家大，现在她的家人们正在看电视。第一空 family 指整
体，单数；第二空指家庭成员，应用复数。故答案是 is；are watching。
11. were moved。根据语境逻辑应用一般过去时的被动语态；这里强调观众们，强调成员，应用复数形式。
故答案是 were moved。
12. is made; are。be made up of 表示“由……组成”；the committee 这里强调整体，单数意义。第二空是定
语从句，先行词是 20 members，复数意义，故答案是 is made; are。
要点精讲 2：某些集体名词如 people, police, cattle, oxen 谓语动词必须用复数。
例 13：The police are searching the forest for the eight escaped prisoners.
例 14：The cattle are rounded up in the evenings every day.
例 15：The Chinese people are characterized by modesty.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
13. The police _____________(search) for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
【答案与解析】
13. were searching。was/were doing…when…是固定句型，表示“正在做某事这时发生另一件意外的事”；
police 表示警察总称，复数意义。故答案是 were searching。
要点精讲 3：单复数同形的名词(sheep, deer, works, means, species, Chinese, Japanese )等作主语时，谓语
动词应根据其意义或限定词决定单、复数。
例 16：This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.
例 17：Such a chemical works is to be closed by the local government next year.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
14. Every possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
15. All possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
【答案与解析】
14. has been tried。means 用作名词，表示“方式；方法”，单复数同形。本句中 means 前边有限定词 every,
单数意义，故答案是 has been tried。
15. have been tried。means 用作名词，表示“方式；方法”，单复数同形。本句中 means 前边有限定词 all,
复数意义，故答案是 have been tried。
要点精讲 4：the + 形容词（或分词）主语表示一类人时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有 the rich, the poor, the
brave, the injured, the living, the wounded 等。
例 18：The living are trying their best to rescue those trapped in the ruins.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
16. The elderly _____________ (take) good care of in our country at present.
【答案与解析】
16. are taken。结合语境应用被动语态；at present 暗示用一般现在时；The elderly 相当于 The elderly people，
复数意义，故答案是 are taken。
要点精讲 5：名词短语作主语表示时间、距离、金钱、机构、书籍等概念时，谓语动词常用单数。
例 19：Eight hours of sleep is enough for a child.
例 20：The United Nations was founded on October 24, 1945.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
17. (2017·江苏改编)The publication of Great Expectations, which ___________(be) both widely reviewed and
highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist.
18. Three years___________(pass) since they met last time, and for them, three years_____(be) really a long time.
【答案与解析】
17. was。Great Expectations 是英国小说家狄更斯的名著《远大前程》，表示书籍、单位等概念应视为单数；
结合语境应用一般过去时，故答案是 was。
18. has passed; is。前半句 since 应与现在完成时连用；时间、距离、金钱类名词作主语，谓语动词常用单
数；第二空仍是单数意义，故答案是 has passed; is。
考点清单四：语法一致
要点精讲 1：不定式、动名词和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。
例 21：Why he was absent from the meeting yesterday is being questioned.
例 22：Planning so far ahead makes no sense----so many things will have changed by next year.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
19. What we used to think _______(be) impossible now does seem possible.
20. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ___________(cause) hearing loss in some teenagers.
21. When and where to build the new factory ______________(not, decide) yet.
22. What we need _______ (be) enough water, but what they need _______ (be) houses.
【答案与解析】
19. was。used to do 表示“过去常常会”，因此谓语应用一般过去时；同时从句作主语位于应用单数，故答
案是 was。
20. has caused。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数，结合语境应用现在完成时，故答案是 has caused。
21. isn’t decided /hasn’t been decided。动词不定式短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数；结合语境应用被动语态，
故答案是 isn’t decided /hasn’t been decided。
22. is; are。What 引导主语从句且其解释作用，谓语动词应与 be 动词后面名词单复数保持一致，故答案是
is; are。
要点精讲 2：分数,百分数,some ,all, most, the rest 等修饰名词时,谓语动词与修饰的名词单复数保持一致。
例 23：Most of his income has been spent on books.
例 24：What is the population of your country?
例 25：Seventy percent of the population in that country are still in poverty.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
23. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third __________ (use) regularly. Now we have
60 working all day long.
24. One-third of the country__________(cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens _______ (be) black
people.
25. 40% of the population in that country ________(be) young, and two thirds of them _________(not) know how
to read and write.
【答案与解析】
23. were used。分数作主语，谓语动词应与后面中心名词单复数保持一致；这里 one third 后面省略了 of 20
notebook computers，复数意义；结合语境应用一般过去时，故答案是 were used。
24. is covered; are。分数作主语，谓语动词应与后面中心名词单复数保持一致，本句分数后面中心名词是 the
country，单数意义；be covered with 是固定词组；the majority of…短语作主语，也与中心名词一致；这里
是 the citizens，应用复数。故答案是 is covered; are。
25. are; don’t。population 作主语，谓语常用单数；若 population 被百分数、分数修饰谓语动词应用复数，
故答案是 are; don’t。
要点精讲 3：and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果并列主语指同一个人，同一事物或同
一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。由 and 连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有 each, every, 或 no 修饰时，
其谓语要用单数形式。
例 26：A cart and horse was seen in the direction of the town.
例 27：Many a boy and many a girl has made the same mistake in the math exam.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
26. A poet and artist _______ (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature this afternoon.
27. Butter and bread ________(be) their daily food, but the bread and the butter __________(eat) up so far.
28. Early to bed and early to rise __________(make) a man healthy, happy and wise.
29. In our country every boy and every girl ________(have) the right to receive education.
【答案与解析】
26. is。A poet and artist 表示“一位作家兼诗人”作主语，指一个人，谓语用单数，故答案是 is。
27. is; have been eaten。Butter and bread 表示“黄油面包”，视为一个整体；第二空则指两件物品，应用复数，
so far 常与现在完成时连用，故答案是 is; have been eaten。
28. makes。该句意为：早睡早起让人健康、快乐、明智。早睡早起都做到才算一个习惯，视为整体，故答
案是 makes。
29. has。由 and 连接的并列单数主语的前边如果有 each, every 时，其谓语要用单数形式，故答案是 has。
要点精讲 4：a large quantity/amount of…作主语，谓语动词用单数；large quantities/amounts of…作主语，
谓语动词用复数。
例 28：A large amount of money is spent on advertisements every year.
例 29：Large amounts of special fuel are needed to launch a rocket into space.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
30. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of earth ________(wash) away each year.
31. --Why does the lake smell terrible?---Because large quantities of water__________ (pollute).
【答案与解析】
30. are being washed。large/huge quantities of…作主语，表示“很多……”，不管后接复数名词还是不可数名
词，谓语动词与 quantities 一致用复数，结合语境该动作还在进行又是被动语态，故答案是 are being washed。
31. have been polluted。large/huge quantities of…作主语，表示“很多……”，不管后接复数名词还是不可数名
词，谓语动词与 quantities 一致用复数，结合语境该动作对现在造成了影响。同时又是被动语态，故答案是
have been polluted。
要点精讲 5：the number of…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；a number of 表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复
数。
例 30：The number of the students in Class 7 is 65. And a number of them are keen on reading.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
32. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads __________(keep) rising these days.
33.The number of people invited ______ (be) fifty, but a number of them _______(be)absent for different reasons.
【答案与解析】
32. keeps。the number of…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数，结合语境应用一般现在时，故答案是 keeps。
33. was; were。the number of…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；a number of 表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复
数。结合语境应用一般过去时。故答案是 was; were。
要点精讲 6：one of …后接定语从句，从句谓语用复数；the only one of 后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数。
例 31：Johnson is one of the farmers who live in the valley.
例 32：Johnson is the only one of the farmers who lives in the valley.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
33. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who________(wear) evening dress.
【答案与解析】
34. wears。the only one of 后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数；结合语境应用一般现在时。故答案是 wears。
要点精讲 7：all, both, each, every, either, neither, none 等代词作主语，视意思而定。
例 33：Each student in Class 29 has at least three dictionaries.
例 34：The students each have at least three dictionaries.
例 35：All of the money was given to the poor villagers last month.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
35. -–Did you go to the show last night? -–Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area___________ (invite).
36. All the scientific evidence_____(show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming _______ (be) damaging
our health.
37. The summer holiday is coming and we each ______(be) ready for the picnic in the past weeks.
38."All _______ (be) present and all_______ (be) going on well," our head teacher said.
39. It is reported that many a new house_______________(build) at present in the disaster area.
【答案与解析】
35. was invited。由 and 连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有 each, every 或 no 修饰时，其谓语要用单数
形式。结合语境应用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案是 was invited。
36. shows; is。evidence 表示“证据”，是不可数名词，谓语用单数；后半句主语是 increasing use,仍是单数。
故答案是 shows; is。
37. are。本句 each 是同位语，真正主语是 we,谓语用复数形式。故答案是 are。
38. are; is。不定代词 all 作主语，指人时谓语用复数；指物时谓语用单数。故答案是 are; is。
39. is being built。many a new house 表示“许多房屋”，但是遵循“语法一致”，谓语用单数；结合语境应用现
在进行时的被动语态。故答案是 is being built。
要点精讲 8：在 It is…that…强调句型中也应考虑主谓一致。
例 36：It was Jim that was praised by the headmaster this morning.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
40. It is I, who _______ (be) your teacher, will try my best to help you out.
【答案与解析】
40. am。在 It is…that…强调句型中被强调部分是主语时，who/that 后面谓语应与该主语保持一致。故答案
是 am。
好题再练（一）高考真题
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Currently, about 35,000 works ____________(display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a
lifetime to see everything.
2. If you look at all sides of the situation, you'll find probably a solution that _______ (suit) everyone.
3. (2020 天 津 改 编) The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and __________(remain)
around that level since.
4. (2020 全国 II)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers __________ (carry) special significance.
5. (2019 全国Ⅰ) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable,
one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
6. (2019 全国 II) I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _______ (make) over the years.
7. (2019 全国 III) On the last day of our week-long stay, we __________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a
beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.
8. (2018 全国 II) Since 2011, the country __________ (grow) more corn than rice.
9. (2017 全国Ⅰ)When fat and salt__________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
10. (2016 全国 II) Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __________(be) often acceptable.
【答案与解析】
1. are being displayed。时间状语 Currently 是关键。“当前，现在，目前”；结合语境应用被动语态。
2. suits。定语从句先行词是 a solution，遵循语法一致。
3. has remained。since 常与现在完成时连用；remain 是不及物动词，无被动语态。
4. carries。动名词短语 decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 作主语，谓语用单数。
5. are。结合语境应用一般现在时，构成并列句。
6. have made。时间状语 over the years 是关键，常与现在完成时连用。
7. were invited。结合语境应用一般过去时，又是被动语态。
8. has grown。since 常与现在完成时连用。
9. are removed。结合后面主句判断这里应用一般现在时的被动语态；同时主语是两个不同概念，复数意义。
10. is。动名词短语 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 作主语，谓语用单数。
好题再练（二）模拟试题
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
11. Here _______ (be) a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.
12. Now more than one member _______ (be) against the plan.
13. This kind of cartoons _______ (sell)well in the bookstore while cartoons of that kind ___________ badly
(sell).
14. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, _______ (be) to be built here.
15. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ (be) playing an important part in daily communication.
16. The father as well as his three children _______(go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in
winter.
17. ---Each of the students working hard at their lessons __________ (read) the book. ---So have I.
18. The number of the students who ________(possess) cell phones ________(be) increasing rapidly, which
affects the normal teaching badly.
19. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ______ (be) essential to their
development.
20. So far a series of problems _____________(bring) about by this decision.
【答案与解析】
11. is。Here be/There be…后面有多个主语时，遵循“就近一致”原则。
12. is。more than one 后接单数名词，遵循“就近一致”原则，用单数。
13. sells; sell。sell well 是特殊结构，主动形式表示被动意义；第一空主语是 This kind of cartoons，单数意
义；第二空主语是 cartoons，复数意义。
14. is。An iron and steel works 表示“一家钢铁工厂”，谓语用单数；with some satellite factories 是介词短语。
15. is。as well as 连接并列主语，谓语遵循“就远一致”原则，单数意义。
16. goes。every Sunday afternoon in winter 表示经常发生的动作，谓语应用一般现在时。
17. has read。So have I 是倒装句，暗示前边也用现在完成时；working hard at their lessons 作定语，真正主
语是 each。
18. possess; is。第一空定语从句先行词是 the students,谓语动词用复数；第二空主语是 number，单数意义。
19. is。真正主语是 students’ inner motivation，单数意义。
20. has been brought。So far 表示“到现在为止”，常与现在完成时连用；结合语境应用被动语态。
好题再练（三）单句改错
下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
21. The cattle is eating grass on the hill now.
22. Kate, one of my close friends, come from Guangzhou.
23. Not only the students but also the teacher wish for a holiday.
24. The writer and translator are delivering a speech in our school now.
25. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area needs repairing.
26. Large quantities of food has been sent to the flood-stricken victims in the past few days.
27. The teacher, as well as 6 girls and 8 boys, were visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
28. No one in the department but Tom and I know that the director will resign.
29. The country life the elderly couple was used to have changed greatly since 1992.
30. What the science teacher does and says are of great importance to college students.
【答案与解析】
21. is 改为 are。cattle 是牛的总称，复数意义。
22. come 改为 comes。one of my close friends 作主语同位语，故谓语动词应用单数。
23. wish 改为 wishes。Not only…but also…连接并列主语，谓语应遵循“就近一致”。
24. are 改为 is。The writer and translator 表示“那位作家兼翻译家”是同一个人，单数意义。
25. needs 改为 need。分数短语作主语，谓语应与中心名词单复数一致。
26. has 改为 have。Large quantities of 后面谓语动词应用复数形式。
27. were 改为 was。as well as 6 girls and 8 boys 应遵循“就远一致”，谓语用单数。
28. know 改为 knows。主语后面是 but, except 等介词短语，谓语动词应与前边的主语保持一致。
29. have 改为 has。the elderly couple was used to 是定语从句，主语是 The country life，单数。
30. are 改为 is。 What 从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。
好题再练（四）语篇运用
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
My new deskmate James, whose parents 31 (teach) English in Guangzhou for ten years, 32
(come) from the United States, which 33 (be) one of the most developed countries in the world. He as
well as his parents 34 (enjoy) living in Guangzhou because neither James nor his parents 35
(finding) it difficult to adapt to the life in China. In their opinion, many a custom here 36 (be) easy to
understand and ten years 37 (be) enough for them to get used to all the customs. I, together with James,
38 (be) extremely fond of English but physics 39 (seem) rather difficult for us. Besides, both he
and I 40 (be) crazy about reading story books, and the Arabian Nights 41 (be) one of the most
interesting books that 42 (read) by us. Our class 43 (unite) as a big family. Now the whole
class 44 (prepare) for the coming sports meet, so large quantities of our recent time 45 (spend)
on it. What we need 46 (be) a qualified coach because being trained properly 47 (be) of great
importance. We each 48 (be) fully aware that each of us 49 (play) an important role in our class. We
have decided to hold a celebration if getting a good result but when and where we are going to hold it 50
(decide) yet.
【答案】
31. have been teaching/have taught 32. comes 33. is 34. enjoys 35. find 36. is 37. is 38.am 39. seems 40. are 41. is
42. have been read 43. is united 44. are preparing 45. have been spent 46. is 47. is 48. are 49. plays 50. hasn’t been
decided/isn’t decided
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