必修一
Unit 4 Earthquakes
1 必备知识·盘点夯基
2 核心素养·精讲层练
3 高效演练·素能提升
1 必备知识·盘点夯基
Ⅰ．单词立体巧记
burst
disaster
rescue
bury
destroy
damage
ruin
trap
electricity
sincerely
judge
shelter
shelter
damage
burst
Buried
had been trapped
disasters
destroyed
rescued
nation
national
nationality
shock
shocking
shocked
injure
injury
injured
express
expression
frighten
frightened
frightening
congratulation
congratulate
extreme
extremely
dirt
dirty
mine
miner
useless
useful
frightening frightened
frightened
congratulate
congratulations
ruined
ruins ruin
shocked shocking
injured
injury
2．“A→A→A”式不规则动词变化
①burst→burst→burst 爆裂；爆发
②cost→cost→cost花费
③put→put→put 放下
④hurt→hurt→hurt 伤害
⑤shut→shut→shut关闭
⑥hit→hit→hit打
⑦cut→cut→cut砍，切
⑧forecast→forecast→forecast预报
3．“adj. ＋-ity＝n. 荟萃”
①electricity 电；电流；电学
②popularity 受欢迎；流行
③reality 现实
④similarity 相似点
⑤security 安全
⑥equality 平等
4．“自然灾害”大聚焦
①disaster n. 灾难；灾祸
②earthquake n. 地震
③drought n. 干旱；旱灾
④hurricane n. 飓风
Ⅱ．短语语境助记
right away
as if
at an end
in ruins
dig out
a (great) number of
cut off
be trapped in
be buried in
judging from
give out
in the open air
a great number of
gave out
to dig out
at an end
right away
Judging from
Ⅲ．句式运用速记
too late to learn
as if/though she were their own
mother
not all children
2 核心素养·精讲层练
1．burst v. (burst，burst) (使)爆裂；突发 n. 突发；爆裂
(1)burst in 闯进来；突然插嘴
burst into 突然爆发；闯入
(2)burst into laughter＝burst out laughing 放声大笑
burst into tears＝burst out crying 放声大哭
burst with anger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支
(3)a burst of… 一阵……；突然爆发……
burst的多层含义
夯基—完成句子。
①Upon his appearance there was __________________ .
他一出现就爆发了一阵掌声。
②Hearing the bad news, he ________________ and decided to take
action to fight back.
听到这个坏消息，他勃然大怒，并决定采取行动反击。
③The police _________ and arrested the thief.
警察突然闯进来，逮捕了小偷。
a burst of applause
burst with anger
burst in
提能—一句多译。
这个可爱的小男孩竟然当众哭了起来，这让所有的宾客哄堂大笑。
④The lovely boy ________________ in public, which made all the
guests ___________________ . (burst into)
⑤The lovely boy ________________ in public, which made all the
guests __________________ . (burst out)
burst into tears
burst into laughter
burst out crying
burst out laughing
injured adj. 受伤的
injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害
2．injure vt. 伤害；使受伤；损害
injure sb. 伤害某人
injure sb. ’s leg/arm/eye/knee伤害某人的腿/胳膊/眼
睛/膝盖
injure sb. ’s reputation/figure/feelings, etc. 损害某人的
名誉/形象/伤害某人的感情等
be/get seriously/slightly injured 受
重/轻伤
the injured伤员；伤者
夯基—单句语法填空。
①Though _________ (injure) in the leg, the soldier fought to the end.
②He suffered serious __________ (injure) to the arms and shoulders.
③The _________ (injure) were successfully rescued from the ruins.
injured
injuries
injured
夯基—用injure, wound, hurt, harm的正确形式填空。
④He claimed that working too hard was _________ his health.
⑤He died of a single gunshot _______ to the left side of his head.
⑥What he said ______ me deeply.
⑦One of the players _________ his knee and had to be carried off.
⑧(2018·北京卷)By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once
_________ ankle ______ badly.
harming
wound
hurt
injured
injured hurt
提能—补全句子/句式升级。
⑨My left foot _____________________ (严重受伤)，so I can’t go with
you as planned.
→________________________________ ，I can’t go with you as
planned. (with复合结构)
was seriously injured
With my left foot seriously injured
3．ruin n. [U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹 vt. (使)毁
坏； 毁灭；成为废墟； 使破产
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
come/go/fall to ruin毁灭；灭亡 ；崩溃
bring… to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己； 自取灭亡
ruin one’s health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(北京卷)When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found
their neighborhood in _______ (ruin).
②It rained for two weeks on end, completely _________ (ruin) our
holiday.
③If you’re addicted to playing computer games, you’ll ruin
__________ .
ruins
ruining
yourself
提能—一句多译。
他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。
④He made a mistake, ______________________ of going abroad. (定
语从句)
⑤He made a mistake, __________________ of going abroad. (分词作
状语)
which ruined his chance
ruining his chance
judg(e)ment n. 判断
make a judgement about… 对……作出评价
4．judge n. 裁判员；法官 vt. 断定；判决；判断
judge sb. /sth. by/from… 以……判断某人/某事
judging from/by… 从……判断 (常作插入语使用)
j u d g e s b . / s t h . ( t o b e )
good/bad/fair认定某人/某事好/坏/公平
as far as sb. can judge 据某人判断
judging from/by… 置于句首作状语。v. -ing形式不受主语的限制，构
成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally speaking一般来说；
frankly speaking坦白地说；considering… 考虑到……。
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2018·江苏卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked
and badly ________ (judge).
②I’m writing to invite you to be ___ judge at our English speech contest
to be held in our school on June 15．
③_________ (judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion
that we can’t judge a book _________ its cover.
judged
a
Judging
by/from
提能—完成句子。
④__________________ ，he will refuse to _____________________
the present situation.
据我判断，他会拒绝评价目前的形势。
As far as I can judge make a judgement about
5．bury vt. 埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入
(1)bury one’s head/face in hands双手抱头/掩
面
(2)be buried in＝bury oneself in专心于
be buried in thought沉思
表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
be devoted to
be lost/engaged/absorbed in
focus/concentrate on
fix/concentrate one’s attention on
夯基—单句语法填空。
①He walked slowly, his hand ________ (bury) in his pocket.
②_________ (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his
weeping.
③She sat there and said nothing, ________ (bury) in thought.
buried
Burying
buried
提能—句式升级。
④Because she buried herself in the film, she didn’t know it was snowing
outside.
→_________________________ ，she didn’t know it was snowing
outside. (用现在分词短语作状语改写)
→_________________ ，she didn’t know it was snowing outside. (用过
去分词短语作状语改写)
Burying herself in the film
Buried in the film
6．at an end 终结；结束
(1)bring … to an end 使……终止
come to an end 结束
put an end to… 使……终止
(2)make (both) ends meet 量入为出；收支相抵
(3)at the end of… 在……末端；在……结束时
by the end of… 到……末为止
in the end 最后；最终
(4)end up with… 以……结束/告终
end up doing sth. 以做……结束
at an end后不可接of；at the end of中的of不可省略，后面既可接时间
名词，也可接地点名词；by the end of后面接表示时间的名词，谓语要与
完成时连用；by the end of＋过去时间，谓语用过去完成时；by the end
of＋将来时间，谓语用将来完成时。
夯基—单句语法填空。
①By the end of next week, I __________________ (finish) most of the
work.
②(2020·新高考卷读后续写)Many of their families were struggling to
make ______ (end)meet.
③(2020·新高考卷)His visit, however, ended up ___________
(involve)a lot more than that.
will have finished
ends
involving
提能—一句多译。
会议结束了，我们离开了会议室。
④The meeting ___________________________________ . (at)
⑤The meeting ____________________________________ . (come)
⑥We ___________________________________________ . (put)
⑦We _______________________________________________. (bring)
was at an end and we left the meeting room
came to an end and we left the meeting room
put an end to the meeting and left the meeting room
brought the meeting to an end and left the meeting room
7．a great number of 许多；大量
large quantities of后跟名词(可数或不可数)作主语，谓语动词一律用
复数。large amounts of后跟不可数名词作主语，谓语动词也用复数形
式。the number of后跟可数名词复数作主语，表示“……的数量”，谓
语动词用单数。
夯基—单句语法填空。
①A large number of books ________________ (steal) from the library
so far.
②The number of trees larger than two feet across _____________
(decline) by 50 percent in recent years.
③More than one doctor _____________ (involve) in the rescue that took
place after the earthquake.
have been stolen
has declined
was involved
④One survey shows that large amounts of water ___________ (waste)
every year in China, and that one third is available to be saved.
⑤Large quantities of land in the area __________________ (reserve) for
national parks these years, which _____ (be) now home to bears, wolves, and
other wild animals.
⑥A great deal of money ____________ (donate) to a university by an
ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
are wasted
have been reserved
are
was donated
提能—单句写作。
⑦________________________________________________________
________________________________________
因为越来越多的树木被破坏，每年都会冲走大量土壤。
With more and more forests being destroyed，large quantities of good
soil are being washed away every year.
too＋adj. /adv. ＋(for sb. ) to do sth. “(对某人来说)太……不
能……”，表示否定意义。
8．In the farmyard, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to
eat.
在农家院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
too… to在下列情况下表示肯定意义：
①当too前面有副词far，much，but，only修饰，此结构没有否定意
义，而表示肯定。
②too后面的形容词表示心情或描绘性形容词的时候，如happy，
pleased，willing，thankful，delighted，anxious，eager，kind，good等，
表示肯定意义。
③too… to… 中的too前面有never，can’t等时，此结构为双重否定表
示肯定。
can’t… too/enough… 表示“无论……也不为过”。
夯基—完成句子。
①(牛津高阶)It’s _____________ anything about it now.
现在进行任何补救都为时已晚。
②You ____________________ while driving a car.
在开车时，你越小心越好。
③He is only ________________ accept your invitation.
他非常高兴地接受了你的邀请。
too late to do
can’t be too careful
too delighted to
④Upon hearing the teacher’s talk, the children probably felt that it
sounded _________________ .
听到老师的话，孩子们很可能觉得事情听起来太好了而有些不太真
实。
⑤(天津高考)I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always
__________________ a conversation with her.
我讨厌在我工作时她打电话过来，我总是忙得不能和她交谈。
too good to be true
too busy to carry on
提能—翻译句子。
⑥(全国卷Ⅰ)In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away
from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own.
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________
⑦(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Nothing is too small to celebrate.
_________________________________________________________
在20世纪60年代，我们都有些狂野，为了证明我们能够独立，我们觉得
离家越远越好，离家越快越好。
没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的。/任何事都是值得庆祝的。
It seems/looks as if … “似乎/好像……”。as
if引导表语从句。
9．It seemed as if the world was at an end.
世界好像到了末日。
(1)as if从句用陈述语气
从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的
(2)as if从句用虚拟语气
从句所述不真实或极少有可能发生
①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)
②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)
③从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)
as if亦可换为as though。如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语
相同，且含有be动词，可省略主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名
词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
夯基—单句语法填空。
①Don’t handle the vase as if it ______ (be) made of steel.
②The man I followed suddenly stopped as if _______ (see) if he was
going in the right direction.
were
to see
③Look! Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it ____ (be) going to
rain.
④They were waving to us as if ________ (say) good-bye.
⑤When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as if it
____________ (break).
is
saying
were broken
夯基—单句改错。
⑥The driver was lying on the ground as if injuring seriously.
___________________ injuring→injured
提能—单句写作。
⑦(福建高考书面表达)一对年轻夫妇坐在船上吃着东西，说着话，
大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。
A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly
_____________________________________ .as if they were the only people in the world
部分否定all… not… ＝not all… ，意为“并非所有的……
都……”。
10．All hope was not lost.
并不是所有的希望都破灭了。
(1)当not与all，both，complete，each，every，everyone，
everything，everywhere, whole等具有全部意义的不定代词或形容词连用
时，无论not的位置如何，皆表示不完全否定，意为“并非……都”。
(2)none，neither，no，no one，nothing，nowhere等表示完全否定。
夯基—完成句子。
①(2018·天津卷阅读) ______________ can do that — it takes years of
experience, but a printer makes it easy.
不是所有人都能做这件事——它需要好多年的经验，但是打印机使
这项工作变得容易了。
Not everybody
②I agree with most of what you said, but I __________________
_____________ .
我同意你讲的大多数内容，但并非同意你讲的全部。
③______________________________ if one sets his mind to it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
don’t agree with
everything/all
Nothing in the world is difficult
提能—句式升级。
④Not everything she did pleased him. (改为全否定)
_________________________ .
⑤Both of them are not my brothers. (改为全否定)
__________________________ .
Nothing she did pleased him
Neither of them is my brother
3 高效演练·素能提升
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．________ (bury) in a classic detective novel, the landlord didn’t
notice a thief was creeping up to his bedroom.
Buried
解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：因为全神贯注于一部经典侦
探小说，房东没有注意到一个贼正在蹑手蹑脚地向他的卧室走去。句子
主语the landlord与bury构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式
Buried。
2．_________ (judge) from _____ number of cars, he thought there
were many people at the shop.
Judging
解析：考查固定短语。句意：根据车的数量看，他认为商店里有很
多人。judging from“从……来看；根据……来判断”；the number of＋
可数名词复数表示“……的数目”。故填Judging；the。
the
3．(北京卷)If you don’t understand something, you may research, study,
and talk to other people _______ you figure it out. until
解析：考查状语从句连接词。句意：如果不了解某个事物，你可以
研究、学习、与他人探讨，直到(until)弄清楚。until“直到……为止”，
引导时间状语从句，符合语境。故填until。
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up
__________ (become)an invaluable member of the team. becoming
解析：考查固定句式。end up doing意为“结果……”，故填
becoming。
5．It was a really _____________ (frighten) experience. Afterwards
everybody was very _________ (shock).
frightening
解析：考查形容词。句意：这的确是一次令人恐惧的经历。过后每
个人都感到非常震惊。frightening常用来描述事物，意为“令人恐惧
的”；shocked常用来描述人的感受，意为“(对……感到)震惊的”。故
填frightening；shocked。
shocked
6．Some parents are just too protective. They want to shelter their kids
______ every kind of danger, real or imagined. from
解析：考查固定短语。根据前一句中的内容可知父母想给孩子提供
“庇护”，让他们避免各种危险，无论是真实的，还是想象的。
shelter… from… “保护……免受；庇护……不受……”故填from。
7．It came as ___ shock that ___ fire broke out in Shanghai yesterday,
killing at least 5 people.
a
解析：考查冠词。句意：昨天上海发生了一起火灾，造成至少5人
死亡，这个消息真是令人震惊的消息。第一空shock在此被具体化，表示
一件具体的事情；第二空表示泛指。故填a；a。
a
8．Though _________ (injure) in the accident, the bus driver did all he
could to help the passengers to safety.
injured
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管在事故中受了伤，但是那位公
交车司机还是尽自己所能把乘客送到了安全的地方。though后省略了句
子的主语he和动词be的形式was，所以填injured。
9．(北京卷，22改编)I live next door to a couple _______ children
often make a lot of noise.
whose
解析：考查定语从句。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，
children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，相当于the children of
whom，故填whose。
10．We haven’t enough books for ____________________ so some of
you will have to share.
everyone/everybody
解析：考查部分否定。句意：我们的书不足以让所有人使用，所以
你们有些人必须共用。由句意可知，此处是表示部分否定，所以填
everyone/everybody。
11．—I got that job I wanted at the public library.
— _________________ (congratulate)! That’s good news. Congratulations
解析：考查名词。句意：——我得到了那份我想要的在公共图书馆
的工作。——祝贺！那是个好消息。根据语境，填Congratulations意为
“祝贺”。
12．It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if
I _________ (do) it?
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好
像是我打破的似的？根据第一句话可知，打破窗户的人并非“我”，故
此处应该用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。根据broke可知这件事情发生在
过去，故用过去完成时态，表示与过去事实相反。故填had done。
had done
13．The accident caused some damage ____ my car, but it’s nothing
serious.
解析：考查固定短语。cause/do damage to… “伤害……”。故填
to。
to
14．Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him ____ if
he had done something very clever.
解析：考查状语从句的引导词。句意：杰克什么也没说，但是老师
朝他笑着，就好像他做了非常聪明的事情。as if“好像”。故填as。
15．I must warn you that my patience is ____ an end.
解析：考查固定短语。at an end“结束”。故填at。
as
at
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．Many high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago
but ruin.
_____________
2．It’s shocked that hospitals can deny help to older people.
___________________
3．Judged from her last letter，they were having a wonderful time.
_________________
ruin→ruins
shocked→shocking
Judged→Judging
4．The earthquake did damage for the area where many houses fell
down and many people were trapped in ruins.
_________
5．Believe it or not，I sincere hope that you can organize the party well.
____________________
6．I’m writing to congratulate you of your winning first prize in the
English short novel competition recently.
________
for→to
sincere→sincerely
of→on
Ⅲ．单句写作
1．他看了一眼映照在镜子里的自己的脸，突然大笑起来。(burst
out)
__________________________________________________________
2．从观众的反应看来，这次演出相当成功。(judge)
__________________________________________________________
_____________
He looked at his face reflected in the mirror，bursting out laughing.
Judging from the response of the audience，the performance was quite a
success.
3．这两道数学题并不都难。(部分否定)
(1) ________________________________________________
(2) ________________________________________________
4．看起来他似乎是个万事通，其实他很蠢。(as if)
_________________________________________________________
5．我正把我的衣服装箱打包这时听到有人叫我的名字。 (be
doing… when)
________________________________________________
Both of the two maths problems are not very difficult.
Not both of the two maths problems are very difficult.
It seems as if he knew everything，but in reality，he is stupid.
I was packing my clothes up when I heard my name called.
Ⅳ．语篇填空
A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28, 1976, in
1._________ thousands of people died and many were injured. Many houses
fell down and sand filled the wells instead of water. Thousands of families
were killed and many children 2.____________ (leave) without parents.
People were 3.___________ (great) shocked. All the electricity in the city was
cut 4._______ and people began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was 5._____________ (destroy)
and it seemed as if the world was at an 6._______ .
which
were left
greatly
off
destroyed
end
The people of Tangshan didn’t lose hope, because 150,000 soldiers were
sent 7.___________ (help) the rescue workers. The soldiers tried their best to
dig out those who 8._______________ (trap). Workers also built shelters for
the survivors. Fresh water was taken to the city by every means.
9.___________ (slow), the city began to come back to life. 10._____ was said
that before the quake, strange things were happening in the countryside. In the
farmyards, the chickens, and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran
out of the fields looking for places to hide. Strange noises were heard in the
sky, but people thought little of them.
to help
were trapped
Slowly It
Ⅴ．话题写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
某地发生地震后，许多互联网科技企业、各大旅游网站和汽车公司
等纷纷在第一时间加入抢险救灾的行列中。请你以灾区学生李华的名义
给这些企业写一封感谢信，表达你的感激之情。
补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①我写信感激你们及时的援助，因为没有你们的援助我的生活就不
会恢复正常。
I’m writing to ____________________________________ ，because
without it my life couldn’t have returned to normal.
②几天前，一场极其可怕的地震袭击了我的家乡，使得许多房屋成
为废墟并彻底毁坏了我的家。(定语从句)
A few days ago，____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________ .
express my thanks for your timely rescue
an extremely frightening earthquake struck my
hometown，which left many houses in ruins and completely destroyed my
house
③我震惊地发现一切都被埋在了倒塌的房屋下面，于是我大哭起
来。
I _________________________________________________________
________________________________ .
④一切似乎是世界末日。
__________________________________
was shocked to find everything buried under the fallen house， so I
burst into tears/burst out crying
It seemed as if the world was at an end.
⑤尽管你们是陌生人，但是你们竭尽全力帮助我让我有避难处可
住，有足够的食物和水赖以存活。
Strangers as you are，________________________________________
_______________________ and enough food and water to survive on.
⑥我再怎么感激你们也不为过。
____________________________________
you have done everything in your power to help
me have a shelter to live in
I can’t express my gratitude too much.
升级平淡句
1．利用“介词＋which”引导非限制性定语从句升级句①
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
2．利用分词作状语升级句③
__________________________________________________________
__________________________
I’m writing to express my thanks for your timely rescue，without which my
life couldn’t have returned to normal.
Shocked to find everything buried under the fallen house，I burst into
tears/burst out crying.
衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如：therefore，as far as
I can judge，thankfully等)
_________________
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Dear sir/madam，
I’m writing to express my thanks for your timely rescue, without which my
life couldn’t have returned to normal.
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________
_________
_______
A few days ago, an extremely frightening earthquake struck my hometown,
which left many houses in ruins and completely destroyed my house.
Shocked to find everything buried under the fallen house, I burst into
tears/burst out crying. As far as I can judge，it seemed as if the world was
at an end. Thankfully, strangers as you are, you have done everything in your
power to help me have a shelter to live in and enough food and water to
survive on. Therefore, I can’t express my gratitude too much.
Yours，
Li Hua
您好，谢谢观看！
谢谢观看
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