必修四
Unit 2 Working the land
1 必备知识·盘点夯基
2 核心素养·精讲层练
3 高效演练·素能提升
1 必备知识·盘点夯基
Ⅰ．单词立体巧记
decade
soil
export
regret
comment
focus
therefore
reduce
struggle
expand
grain
battle
focus
therefore
struggle
regretted
comments
reduce
Expanding
exported
hunger
hungry
equip
equipment
export
import
confuse
confusing
confused
confusion
discovery
discover
nationality
nation
national
personality
personal
personally
freedom
free
disturb
disturbing
disturbed
confused confusing
confused
equipment equipped
Disturbing
disturbed
discovered
discovery
freedom
free
hunger hungry
联想积累：
1．常见的连接性副词汇总
①therefore 因此；所以；因而
②thus 因此；因而
③furthermore 此外；而且
④consequently 因此，所以
⑤moreover 而且；此外
⑥nevertheless 不过；仍然
2．“评论”名词知多少
①comment 评论；议论
②remark 评论
③review 回顾；复习；评论
④criticism 批评
⑤statement 声明；陈述
3．加后缀-ment构成的名词面面观
①equip →equipment 装备
②develop →development 发展
③move →movement 移动
④establish →establishment 建立
⑤employ →employment 雇用
Ⅱ．短语语境助记
thanks to
rid...of
be satisfied with
would rather
build up
lead to
focus on
be rich in
keep...free from/of
keep on
Thanks to
rid of
was satisfied with
focusing on
keep
free from/of
led to
Ⅲ．句式运用速记
If so
stay at home and
the first to taste the delicious food
make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep
2 核心素养·精讲层练
1．struggle vi. & n. 斗争；拼搏；努力
(1)struggle for… 为……斗争
struggle against/with… 同……作斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
(2)struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
夯基—单句语法填空。
①Despite his terrible injuries, he wouldn’t give up the struggle _____
life.
②To get an education, he was struggling ______________ many
difficulties.
③(北京高考)Because a college community (群体) differs from the
family, many students will struggle ________ (find) a sense of belonging.
for
against/with
to find
夯基—完成句子。
④Bravely, Mary ____________________，and fought against the wind
and rain beating against her.
玛丽勇敢地挣扎着站起来，同扑向她的暴风雨搏斗着。
提能—单句写作。
⑤(湖南高考书面表达)海伦·凯勒19个月大时就变得又聋又瞎了，但
她从不放弃并努力过积极的生活。
Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but
she never gave up and __________________________________.
struggled to her feet
struggled to lead/live an active life
equipment n. 装备；设备(不可数名词)
(1)equip… with… 用……装备……(表动作)
be equipped with… 装备着……(表状态)
equip… for sth. /to do sth. 为了(做)某事而装备……
be well/poorly equipped设备精良的/差的
(2)a piece of equipment一件设备
2．equip vt. (equipped, equipped) 配备；装备
equipment为equip的名词形式，意为“设备”“器材”，是不可数名
词，表示“一件”这一数量时，其前加a piece of；类似用法的有：
furniture，luggage，baggage，jewellery等。
夯基—单句语法填空。
①We want our son to have a good education that will equip him _____
future life.
②Please equip yourself ______ a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.
③If it were not for the modern ___________ (equip), such experiments
would not be able to be performed.
for
with
equipment
提能—完成句子。
④Our school ________________ much advanced ___________ bought
from abroad.
我们学校配备有许多从国外购买的先进设备。
is equipped with equipment
confused adj. 困惑的；烦恼的
confusing adj. 令人费解的；使人困惑的
confusion n. 困惑
3．confuse vt. 使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆
confuse… with/and… 把……与……混淆；辨别不清
be confused by… 被……弄混；糊涂
夯基—单句语法填空。
①I always confuse John ______ his brother；they are so much alike.
②There was a __________ look on his face when he met with a
___________ problems. (confuse)
with
confused
confusing
提能—单句写作。
③(2018·江苏卷书面表达)For example, there are huge amounts of
reference books which I am often ______________________.
例如，有大量的参考书，我经常会对选择感到困惑。
confused to choose from
(1)regret doing/having done sth. 后悔做了某事
regret to say/tell/inform… that… 遗憾地说/告诉/通知……
(2)(much) to one’s regret/to one’s (great) regret 使某人(非常)遗憾的是
with regret遗憾地
4．regret vt. 遗憾；后悔 n. 遗憾；懊悔；遗憾的事
I regretted to tell him that he had been dismissed. To my surprise，he
said to me，“I have no regrets. I only regret having taken the wrong job. ”
我遗憾地告诉他他被解雇了。使我惊奇的是，他对我说：“我没有
什么遗憾。我唯一后悔的是选错了工作。”
夯基—单句语法填空。
①I regret _________ (leave) the work unfinished；I should have
planned everything ahead carefully.
②I regret ________ (tell) you that your problems are beyond my power.
You’ll have to turn to some other one, I’m afraid.
③____ my great regret, we have no much time left to discuss the
problem.
leaving
to tell
To
提能—一句多译。
(山东高考书面表达)我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你去
北京了。
④_____________________________ go to Beijing with you at
appointed time. (regret vt. )
⑤Much to my ________，I can’t go to Beijing with you at appointed
time. (regret n. )
I regret to tell you that I can’t
regret
5．focus n. 焦点；中心 vt. 集中；聚焦
(1)focus on/upon集中(注意力、精力等)于
focus one’s attention/eyes/energy on… 把注意力/目光/精力集中在……
focus… on… 把……聚集在……上面
(2)adjust the focus调整焦点/焦距
in focus对准焦距
out of focus没对准焦距，模糊
the focus of attention/concern注意力/关注的焦点
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2019·浙江卷写作)High-quality praise should focus _________
children’s efforts, rather than on results.
②With his attention _________ (focus) on his homework, he forgot all
about what I had told him.
③With so many people __________ (focus) their eyes on him, he felt
very nervous.
on/upon
focused
focusing
提能—单句写作。
④(福建高考书面表达)这表明当今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家
庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。
It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that ___________________
____________，shouldering the hope of their parents.
children are the focus
of families
6．lead to导致；造成；通往
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
lead sb. to a place带领某人去某地
lead the way领路
lead sb. by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走
lead/live a … life过着……生活
lead to中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。表示导致的
短语还有：result in，contribute to，bring about等。
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(湖北高考短文写作)Questioning can lead to ___________ (search)
for an answer.
②The discovery of new evidence led to the thief’s _____________
(catch).
③In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them
____________ (practice) speaking English in an interesting way.
④Diligence is the path _________ (lead) to happiness.
searching
being caught
to practice
leading
提能—一句多译。
众所周知，成功在于努力，然而懒惰导致失败。
⑤As we all know, success lies in hard work _________________
____________.
⑥It is well-known that success lies in hard work ________________
_______________. (result)
⑦What is well-known to us is that success lies in hard work
_________________________________. (result)
while laziness leads
to failure
while laziness
results in failure
while failure results from laziness
7．build up 逐渐增强；增强……的体质；建立；创办；开发；聚集；积
累
pick up 捡起；(无意中)学会；接收
take up 拿起；开始；从事
hang up 挂起来；挂断电话
dress up 穿上盛装；打扮
make up 虚构；弥补；组成
show up 出现；露面
bring up 抚养；教养
break up 分裂；打碎
夯基—写出下列句中build up的含义。
①For one thing, it not only helps to build up our physical health, but
helps us learn more effectively in turn. ________________
②He devoted himself to building up the ruined country. ______
③Don’t let your anger build up, which is harmful to your health.
______
④His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more
experience in teaching. __________
增强……的体质
建立
积累
逐渐增强
提能—选用up短语填空。
⑤It didn’t take me long to ________ the basic knowledge of the
language.
⑥We were ___________ for the party but she was still in her ordinary
clothes.
⑦Many retired people ________ gardening as a hobby.
pick up
dressed up
take up
8．If so，what did you do to grow them?
如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？
if so“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表
示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。when, whenever, though,
although, unless等连词也常见于省略句结构中。
if构成的其他省略形式：
if any如果有的话
if possible如果可能的话
if necessary如果必要的话
if ever如果有过的话(曾经发生)
夯基—完成句子。
①Is anybody feeling cold? _______，let us open the windows!
有人感到冷吗？如果没有的话 ，我们把窗子打开吧！
②____________，try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every
day.
如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。
③She seldom, _________，goes to the opera.
她很少去看歌剧。
If not
If possible
if ever
提能—单句写作。
④(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)我是李华，我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有
空，咱们一起参加我校的音乐节吧。
I’m Li Hua. I’m wondering if you are available at the weekend.
_________________________________________________ If so，let’s attend the music festival of our school.
9．He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。
夯基—单句语法填空。
①I would rather you _____________ (finish) your homework yesterday.
②She would rather you ______ (come) tomorrow than today.
③I would rather ______ (stay) at home at the weekend, reading some
English novels.
had finished
came
stay
提能—一句多译。
为了过低碳生活，一些人宁愿坐公交也不愿开车去上班。
④________________________，some people _________________
___________________ to work. (to do不定式；would rather… than)
⑤_______________________________，some people _____________
_______________________ to work. (in order to；would… rather than)
⑥Some people _______________________________________ to work
________ they can live a low-carbon life. (so that；prefer to do… rather than)
To live a low-carbon life would rather take the
bus than drive a car
In order to live a low-carbon life would take the
bus rather than drive a car
prefer to take the bus rather than drive a car
so that
3 高效演练·素能提升
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．It’s our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and
___________，supply more jobs.
解析： 考查副词。由题意可知，此处填“因此”；结合and和逗号
可知填therefore。句意：我们希望我们会在工作市场上起更大的作用，
因此提供更多的工作。
therefore
2．The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if
______，reaching 30℃ in summer.
解析：考查省略句。句意：这里的气候宜人，如果曾经有，在夏季
气温极少达到30摄氏度。if ever“如果曾经有”；如果曾经发生。根据
句中的关键词quite pleasant(宜人)，rarely(极少)可知，空格处表达的意思
是“如果曾经有(if ever)”。if ever相当于if it(the temperature) ever reached
30℃ in summer。故填ever。
ever
3．(陕西高考)We would rather our daughter ________ (stay) at home
with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们一起待在
家里，但是那是她的选择，她已经不再是一个小孩子了。would rather后
接that从句时，(此省去了连词that)要用虚拟语气，如果与现在或将来事
实相反，从句用一般过去时态；如果与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成
时。根据后面的it is her choice可以判断这件事情还没发生，因而从句用
一般过去时。故填stayed。
stayed
4．Bears build ____ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have
energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
解析：考查动词短语。句意：狗熊在夏天和秋天开始脂肪的储存以
使他们有足够的能量来度过冬眠。build up“积聚；逐渐增加”。故填
up。
up
5．It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. If ____，
we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
解析：考查省略。句意：听起来好像是车的发动机出毛病了。如果
这样的话，我们最好立刻把它带到修车厂去。if so“如果这样的话”。
故填so。
so
6．(全国卷Ⅲ阅读)Research shows that giving up driving is one of the
key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to
them __________ (become) more isolated (隔绝) and inactive.
解析：考查固定短语。lead to中to是介词，后接-ing形式作宾语。故
填becoming。
becoming
7．—Cathy, what are you going to do this weekend?
— ____ possible, I’m going to see my parents in the countryside.
解析：考查省略。答语句意：如果可能的话，我要去看望乡下的父
母。if possible“如果可能的话”。故填if。
8．At first I regretted __________ (invite) them to stay, but we soon
became great friends.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：起初，我后悔邀请他们留下来，但
是我们很快成了朋友。regret doing“后悔做了某事”。故填inviting。
If
inviting
9．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The plum trees are the first __________ (flower)
even as the snow is melting.
解析：考查非谓语动词。序数词后用不定式作定语。故填to
flower。
10．Thanks ____ your help, we completed the task ahead of time.
解析：考查固定短语。thanks to“幸亏；由于”。故填to。
11．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Today, many Chinese people are learning Western
styles and theories rather than focusing ____ Chinese traditions.
解析：考查介词。focus on “聚焦于；集中注意力于”。故填on。
to flower
to
on
12．—To get a slim figure, Fanny has tried many ways, but in vain.
—So now she is reduced to not ________ (eat) anything for supper.
解析：考查固定短语。句意：——为了有一个苗条的体形，范妮尝
试了许多方法，但都徒劳。——因此现在她被迫晚饭什么都不吃。be
reduced to doing sth. “沦落到做某事，陷入……的境地”。故填动名词
eating。
eating
13．The United Nations is trying to free the world _________ the threat
of war.
解析：考查固定短语。free… from/of… “使……免于……”。故填介
词from/of。
14．His contribution to the boy’s welfare was to equip him _____ the
world in which he would live.
解析：考查介词。句意：他对孩子福利事业的贡献是为了让自己有
能力适应他将生活的这个世界。equip… for… “为……装备”。故填介
词for。
from/of
for
15．An average of just 18．75cm of rain fell last year, making ____ the
driest year since California became a state in 1850．
解析：考查代词。句意：去年平均降了18．75厘米的雨，使其成为
自1850年加利福尼亚成为州以来最干旱的一年。由语境可知，此处考查
的是代词的替代，替代前面提到的last year，为同名同物，同一者，用
it。
it
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．This has led companies and individuals to donate money to
developing countries to buy computer equipments and Internet facilities.
_______________________
2．If you stay out in the sun for a long time, you may get sunburn.
___________________
3．Several decade have passed since I graduated from the college.
_________________
equipments →equipment
sunburn →sunburnt
decade →decades
4．Confusing by the question, the boy turned to his teacher for further
explanation.
_____________________
5．Chinese farmers will never forget the great contributions Yuan
Longping has made to rid themselves of hunger and poverty.
______________
6．I would rather avoid running into the rabbit than to shoot it.
________
Confusing →Confused
rid →ridding
去掉to
Ⅲ．单句写作
1．今天的课主要讲如何写新闻总结。(focus on)
_________________________________________________________
2．这个农民花了20年的时间来创建自己的企业。(build up)
__________________________________________________
3．使用过多的化肥导致了严重的问题。(lead to)
______________________________________________________
Today’s lesson focuses on how to write a summary of a news article.
It took the farmer twenty years to build up his business.
Using too much chemical fertilizer led to serious problems.
4．有人感到冷吗？如果没有的话，让我们把窗子打开吧。(if not)
____________________________________________________
5．你的微笑是使得你结识新人最大的工具之一。(make it＋adj. ＋
不定式)
__________________________________________________________
__________________
Is anybody feeling cold? If not，let us open the windows.
Your smile is one of the strongest tools that make it possible for you to meet
new people.
Ⅳ．语篇填空
Famous scientist 1.__________ he is, Yuan Longping considers
2._________(he) a farmer. As a young man, Yuan Longping saw the great
need for increasing the rice output. He wanted to increase rice harvests
without 3.___________(expand) the area of the fields. In 1973, a special
strain of rice made 4.____ possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the
same fields.
as/though
himself
expanding
it
Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the
world 5.____ hunger. He is now circulating his rice knowledge in less
6.___________(develop) countries 7.____________(increase) their rice
harvests and he wants to export his rice so that it can 8._________(grow)
around the globe. Though he 9.______________(struggle) for the past five
decades, he doesn’t regret it. Dr Yuan is quite satisfied 10.______ his life．
of
developed to increase
be grown
has struggled
with
Ⅴ．话题写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
根据下列提示，写一篇介绍我国著名的水稻专家袁隆平的文章。
①袁隆平生于1930年，1953年大学毕业；②成功研发杂交水稻，在
2017年研究海洋水稻；③你的感想。
补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①被誉为“中国水稻之父”的袁隆平，一生致力于使世界摆脱饥
饿。
Yuan Longping，known as China’s“father of hybrid rice”，
_________________________________________. devotes his life to ridding the world of hunger
②他生于1930年，于1953年大学毕业，那时饥饿对于农村许多人而
言是个令人苦恼的问题。
He was born in 1930 and graduated from college in 1953．At that time
__________________________________________ in the countryside.
③自此以后，他努力研发高产水稻，这帮助农民比以前增收两倍。
Since then, he has __________________________________________，
which has helped farmers _____________________________________.
hunger was a disturbing problem for many people
struggled to develop rice that has a high output
produce harvests twice as large as before
④2017年，他的超级水稻创下新纪录，而且他的海洋水稻研究证明
是个极大的成功。
In 2017, his super rice set a new record and _______________________
_________________________.
⑤尽管袁隆平对自己的生活很满意，但他宁愿专注于自己的爱好而
不在乎出名或金钱。
Though Yuan Longping _____________________________，he
_____________________________________________________________.
his research on sea rice
proved to be a great success
is quite satisfied with his life
would rather focus on his hobbies than care about being famous or money
⑥从他身上，我意识到为我们的目标而努力，才能促使我们成功。
(动名词作主语)
From him, I realize that ______________________________________. struggling for our aims can lead to success
升级平淡句
1．利用定语从句升级句②
__________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2．利用though倒装句式升级句⑤
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
He was born in 1930 and graduated from college in 1953，when hunger was
a disturbing problem for many people in the countryside.
Quite satisfied though Yuan Longping is with his life，he would rather focus
on his hobbies than care about being famous or money.
衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如since then等)
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Yuan Longping, known as China’s “father of hybrid rice” ，devotes his life to
ridding the world of hunger.
He was born in 1930 and graduated from college in 1953, when hunger was a
disturbing problem for many people in the countryside. Since then, he has
struggled to develop rice that has a high output, which has helped farmers
produce harvests twice as large as before.
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In 2017, his super rice set a new record and his research on sea rice proved to
be a great success. Quite satisfied though Yuan Longping is with his life，he
would rather focus on his hobbies than care about being famous or money.
From him, I realize that struggling for our aims can lead to success.
您好，谢谢观看！
谢谢观看
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