选修八
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
1 必备知识·盘点夯基
2 核心素养·精讲层练
3 高效演练·素能提升
1 必备知识·盘点夯基
Ⅰ．单词立体巧记
distinguish
product
seize
dial
rainfall
innocent
bear
tap
stable
practical
products
stable
dialed
practical
to distinguish
seized
convenient
convenience
conveniently
caution
cautious
cautiously
abrupt
abruptly
expectation
expect
recognition
recognize
freezing
freeze
frozen
occasionally
occasional
occasion
merry
merrily
associate
association
cautious caution
cautiously
convenient
convenience conveniently
associated
association
expectation
expected
freezing
frozen
occasional
occasionally
abrupt
abruptly
联想积累：
1．后缀-ive形容词集锦
①active 主动的
②passive 被动的
③positive 积极的
④negative 消极的
⑤subjective 主观的
⑥objective 客观的
2．含fore-前缀的单词面面观
①forehead n. 额头
②forearm n. 前臂
③forecast vt. 预报
④foresee vt. 预见；预知
⑤foreword n. 前言
⑥foretell v. 预言；预示
3．表示“抓住”的相关词语一览
①seize vt. 抓住；捉住
②catch vt. 抓住；接住
③grasp vt. 抓住；掌握
④catch hold of 抓住
⑤get hold of 抓住
Ⅱ．短语语境助记
call up
now and then
set about
dive into
set out (to do)
hang on
out of order
get through
ring back
ring off
dived into
get through
set about
out of order
now and then
called up
Ⅲ．句式运用速记
so practical that
and I will live up to your
expectations
a matter of time
2 核心素养·精讲层练
distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的
distinguishable adj. 易分辨的；能区分的
1．distinguish vt. & vi. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
(1)distinguish between… and… 区分/辨别……和……
distinguish… from… 使……有别于……
distinguish oneself(as… )(作为……)表现突出
(2)be distinguished for… 因……而出名
be distinguished as作为……而出名
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(朗文辞典)The twins are so alike. It’s difficult to distinguish one
______ the other.
②(牛津词典)At what age are children able to distinguish _________
right and wrong?
from
between
③The Chinese Nation which is distinguished _____ its diligence and
courage has attracted the attention from the world.
④I can introduce Chinese painting to our _______________
(distinguish) guests efficiently while offering them constructive guidance.
for
distinguished
提能—句式升级
⑤Because it is distinguished for its attractive scenery, Hangzhou
witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.
→______________________________________，Hangzhou witnesses
large numbers of tourists every year.
Distinguished for its attractive scenery
2．bear vt. (bore，borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；承担；记住；生育；结果
实
(1)can’t bear doing/to do sth. 不能忍受做某事
can’t bear sb. /sb. ’s doing/to do sth. 不能忍受某人做某事
(2)bear a heavy burden 肩负重担
bear responsibility/the blame 承担责任/受责备
(3)bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事
bear/keep in mind that… 记住……
夯基—写出下列句中bear的含义。
①Everyone should bear the responsibility of protecting the
environment.
______
②(2019·天津卷)We learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We
learn to avoid self-pity.
______
承担
忍受
③She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.
______
④(浙江卷写作)However, a plan can bear no fruit without being actually
carried out.
________
生育
结果实
夯基—单句语法填空。
⑤I can’t bear young people _________ (cast) away their youth.
⑥_________ (bear) a heavy burden, she has to work hard to bring up her
children.
casting
Bearing
提能—词汇升级。
⑦My mother often reminds me to remember that “Failure is the mother
of success”.
→My mother often reminds me to _________________ that “Failure is
the mother of success”.
bear/keep in mind
association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体
3．associate vt. 联想；联系 n. 同伴，伙伴
(1)associate sb. /sth. with sb. /sth. 把某人/某事和某人/某事联系在一
起；由某人/某事联想到某人/某事
be associated with… 和……有关；与……联系在一起
associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道
(2)in association with… 与……合伙/合作；与……联合(结交，有关
联)
夯基—单句语法填空。
①Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air ______ health care.
②If you associate ______ positive-thinking people, you are definitely
going to achieve success.
③There are many serious health problems which _______________
(associate) with smoking.
with
with
are associated
④(牛津词典)He is closely associated in the public mind ______ horror
movies.
⑤(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, she says, some of the injuries _________
(associate)with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race
walkers.
with
associated
提能—单句写作。
⑥(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)This exhibition was organized by the local
government _______________________________________________.
这次展览是由当地政府联合一些剪纸艺术家共同组织的。
in association with several paper-cutting artists
4．call up给……打电话；使想起
(1)call at 拜访(某个地点)
call off 取消；停止
call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召
call for (公开)要求；呼吁；需要；去接(某人)
call in 邀请；请来
(2)与“打电话”有关的其他短语：
ring up 给……打电话
ring/call back回复电话
ring off挂断电话
give sb. a ring/call 给某人打电话
hang/hold on 不挂断
夯基—用call相关短语填空。
①(湖南卷)The teacher’s praise __________ memories of my mother’s
encouragement.
②They call _____________ people and the government to take
measures to fight against light pollution.
called up
on/upon/for
③The game was ___________ because of the bad weather.
④He offered me a good job, one that __________ great patience.
⑤I will _________ you at 8 o’clock at the school gate.
⑥Mr. White was to ________ my house after he finished his speech.
called off
calls for
call for
call at
提能—单句写作。
⑦(北京卷书面表达)A week before Earth Day, posters were put up
around our school, ____________________________________________
_________.
地球日前一周，在我们学校周围张贴了海报，呼吁我们加入到这个
“让地球变得更绿”的活动中来。
calling on/upon us to join in the activity for a greener
earth
5．get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；
用完；耗尽
(1)get(sth. )across(to sb. ) (使某事)被(某人)理解
get along with sb. 与某人相处；进展
get away with sth. 携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚
get down to(doing)sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事
get over 爬过……；克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来
(2)go through经历；检查
look through浏览；仔细查看
live through活过……；经过……之后仍然活着
see through看穿；识破
夯基—写出下列句中get through的含义。
①I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the
end. __________
②I couldn’t get through to him because his telephone was out of order
now and then. __________
设法做完
打通电话
③Luckily, the gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get
through. ______
④The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to
ask his mom for some more. ______
⑤She found writing helped her get through the rough days. ______
通过
用光
度过
提能—选用get短语填空。
⑥How can I _____ it ________ to you how important it is?
⑦Studying a foreign language is always hard at the beginning，but I’ll
_________ it.
⑧It’s high time that I _____________________ reflecting on my
mistakes.
get across
get over
got/should get down to
该句使用了“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，表示“条件与结果”
的逻辑关系。
6．Follow it up，explore all around it, and before you know it, you will
have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
跟随它，在它的周围探索，不知不觉中，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占
据你的大脑。
(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If… ，＋主句
(2)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If… not… ，＋主句
(3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句
以上结构后面的陈述句多用表示将来意义的时态结构。
夯基—单句语法填空。
①(2018·浙江卷写作)Give me a chance, _____ I will reward you with
more.
②Give up smoking, ______________ you may die of lung cancer.
③A bit more effort, I think, _____ you will settle the problem.
and
or/otherwise
and
提能—一句多译。
充分利用各种条件，我们就能取得成功。
④___________________________________， and we will achieve
success.
⑤_______________________________________，we will achieve
success. (if从句)
⑥_____________________________________，we will achieve
success. (分词作状语)
Make the most of all kinds of conditions
If we make the most of all kinds of conditions
Making the most of all kinds of conditions
3 高效演练·素能提升
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Give me a chance, _____ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
2．I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be
something wrong with the network；I can’t seem to get _________.
3．Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set _______
preparing your business plan.
4．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The next morning he hired a boat and set out
_______ (find) the well-known painter.
and
through
about
to find
5．The photo which we took last summer vacation called ____ the
happy days.
6．We have to be ___________ (practice). There is no point in looking
at a house we can’t afford to buy.
7．What shocked the police and the people around most was that the
kidnapper suddenly dived ______ his pocket and took out a gun in a desperate
attempt to escape with the kidnapped child.
up
practical
into
8．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Bamboo plants are associated _____ health,
abundance and a happy home.
9．In order to lose weight, the young lady prefers to work _____
regularly rather than take expensive weight-losing pills.
10．Until the start of the Industrial Revolution, mankind was poor,
hungry, and constantly ____ the mercy of disease and natural disasters.
with
out
at
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．I’m not accustomed to associate with people like those young men.
________________________
2．Water is a liquid at room temperature and has a relatively high frozen
point.
__________________
3．There was a general expectation what most students would pass the
exam.
____________
associate →associating
frozen →freezing
what →that
4．I think you should be caution about giving your address to strangers.
___________________
5．Distinguishing for its diligence and courage, the Chinese Nation has
attracted the attention from the world.
_______________________________
6．He seized her by her arm and took her outside.
________________
caution →cautious
Distinguishing →Distinguished
第二个her →the
Ⅲ．单句写作
1．给我这个机会，我会用伟大的成就回报你。(祈使句＋and＋陈述
句)
__________________________________________________________
______
2．这首诗一定与叫西施的美女有关系。(bound；associate)
________________________________________________________
Give me the opportunity，and I will reward you with great achievements.
The poem is bound to be associated with the beauty called Xishi.
3．下定决心后，这个经理开始执行这个计划。(set about；
undertake)
__________________________________________________________
4．让他沮丧的是这次活动有负众望。(expectation)
__________________________________________________________
___________
5．如果你方便，请尽快回电话。(ring back)
__________________________________________________________
Having made up his mind，the manager set about undertaking the plan.
What made him cast down was that this activity didn’t live up to expectations.
If it is convenient for you，please ring back as soon as possible.
Ⅳ．语篇填空
When the writer called up her mother in the countryside 1.____ the
phone, she learned that snakes came near their house and that the snakes
2.________(seem) to have made their home there. When asked to help get rid
of the snakes, the writer felt proud and considered 3.____ a chance for her to
distinguish herself by inventing something 4.__________(mercy) that would
catch snakes but not harm them.
on
seemed
it
merciful
She set about 5._____________(research) the habits of snakes. She
decided to cool them so that they could be easily caught. 6._________，her
first two plans were not successful. As 7.___ result, she had to attempt a third
time, which helped her fulfill her aim 8.______________(success).
9._________ (press) by her friends and relations, she decided to send her
10.___________ (invent) to the patent office to get recognition for her
successful idea．
researching
However
a
successfully Pressed
invention
Ⅴ．话题写作
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你从当地一家网站上看到一则招聘设计部助手的广
告，请你给负责人写一封求职信，内容包括：①自我介绍；②个人优
势；③希望得到回复。
补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①得知你的设计部需要助手，我想申请这个职位。
I have learned that ________________________________________
________. I’d like to apply for the position.
②自从童年开始，我就着手设计东西。
_______________________________________ things since my
childhood.
your designing department is in need of an
assistant
I have set about designing/set out to design
③在过去的两年中，我一直潜心设计并在设计大赛中获得一等奖。
In the past two years，______________________________ and have
won first prize in the designing competition.
④我能忍受艰苦的训练而且喜欢与人交往。
_________________________ and ___________________________.
⑤我对电脑操作和办公软件运用自如，这可以帮我顺利完成工作。
I feel comfortable with computer operation and office software，
____________________________________.
I have been diving into designing
I can bear the hard training like to associate with others
which can help me get through my work well
⑥如果被雇佣，我将竭尽全力以不辜负您的期望。
If I am employed，______________________________________
_____________.
⑦如果你考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。
_____________________________________________________
I will spare no effort to live up to your
expectations
I would appreciate it if you could consider my application.
升级平淡句
1．利用分词作状语升级句①
__________________________________________________________
_________________________________
2．利用省略句升级句⑥
__________________________________________________________
Learning that your designing department is in need of an assistant，I’d like to
apply for the position.
If employed，I will spare no effort to live up to your expectations.
衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如：in addition，
meanwhile等)
_________________
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Dear Sir/Madam，
Learning that your designing department is in need of an assistant, I’d like to
apply for the position.
I have set about designing things since my childhood. In the past two years, I
have been diving into designing and have won first prize in the designing
competition.
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
________________________
_________
_______
In addition, I can bear the hard training and like to associate with others.
Meanwhile, I feel comfortable with computer operation and office software，
which can help me get through my work well. If employed, I will spare no
effort to live up to your expectations. I would appreciate it if you could
consider my application.
Yours，
Li Hua
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