小升初名词
名词
不可数名词— 只有单数形式,且不可
加 a/an
可数名词
单数名词—名词前加a/an
复数名词—名词后加s/es
Grammar Knowledge
What is this in English?
• Rule:一般情况, 加-s.
• Practice: bag-bags
map-maps
car-cars
apple-apples
chair-chairs
• Rule: 以f或者fe结尾
• Practice: knife
• Rule: 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词,加-es
• Practice: bus-buses
watch-watches
box-boxes
• Rule:以ce, se, ge等结尾的词,加-s
• Practice: license-licenses
blouse-blouses
orange-oranges
• Rule: 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-es
注意:什么是辅音字母?
• Practice: baby-babies
family-families
1. 一般情况词尾+ s books pencils
2. 以s, x,ch ,sh 结尾的+es
buses , boxes , watches, brushes
3. 以辅音+y结尾的,把y改成i+es
city — cities family—families
但是元音+y结尾的,直接+s
boys , keys
4. 以f,fe 结尾的把f,fe改为v ,再加es
life —lives knife — knives
5. 以 o 结尾的名词,加 –es
tomato → tomatoes ; hero → heroes
名词的复数
注意
stomachs, pianos, photos, zoos,
radios, roofs, beliefs
补充
• 一些特别名词复数形式是不规则的,例如: man-men
woman-women
foot-feet
mouse-mice
deer- deer
• 有些名词单复数同形
Chinese-Chinese
fish-fish
• 有些名词以单数形式出现,实际为复数意义
police-police
children-children
people (person)-people
• 表示名族的词,有的在词尾加-s,如:
American—Americans,
German—Germans。 有的单复数同形,如:
a Chinese—two Chinese.
•在姓氏的复数前加定冠词the,指一家人或夫
妻俩。如:the Smiths 史密斯一家
有的单词虽然是s 结尾,但是不可数名词
news (新闻) physics( 物理)
maths (数学) politics (政治)
Eg.
Maths is a useful language .
tomatoes
potatoes
heroes
negroes
• 可数名词通常用how many提问,不可数名词后用
how much提问,后跟不可数名词。
How many dogs do you have?
How much water did you drink?
1. 一般情况下,词尾直接加 S map---maps
2.以s,x,ch,sh 结尾的名词,词尾加 es branch-branches
注:stomach(s)
3. 辅音字母+ y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i 加 es
country—countries
元音字母+y或以y结尾的专有名词,直接加s
boy---- boys the Henry—the Henrys
4. 下列以f 或 fe 结尾的名词,变f ,fe为 v 再加 es
f, fe结尾变化口诀:妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;
躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。
wife, knife, wolf, thief, shelf, myself, life, half, leaf
注:其余以f或fe结尾的名词,一般直接加 s, roof---roofs
giraffe--giraffes
(三)可数名词复数
5. 以O结尾的名词,有生命的加 es ,没生命的加 s
注:有生命 tomato,potato,Negro(黑人),hero(英雄)
没生命 kilo,photo,radio,piano,zoo,kangaroo(袋鼠)
6. 含有man的复合名词,把man变men. policeman--policemen
gentleman—gentlemen
注:German不是复合名词,直接加s. German---Germans
7. 单复数相同 sheep, deer, fish(表示种类可加es), yuan, jiao, fen,
Chinese, Swiss, Japanese
8. 集合名词本身就是复数 people,police
9. 合成词:
1)中心词变复数 book shop---book shops T-shirt--T-shirt
2)有man或woman合成词都变复数 man driver– men drivers
例1 单项选择
All the___teachers and___students are having a party.
A . women ; girls B . women ; girl
C . woman ; girls D . woman ; girl
例2 判断下面哪句译文正确: 多好的消息啊!
A. What a good news it is ! B. What good news it is !
例3 单项选择
What you need is more_____.
Don’t always do your_____at your desk.
A.exercise ; exercise B. exercises ; exersises
C. exercises ; exercise D. exercise ; exercises
10.不规则
1)oo变ee
foot—feet tooth—teeth goose—geese
2)完全不同
child---children mouse---mice ox---oxen (公牛)
3)指示代词
this---these (代词) that--- those(代词)
5).以S结尾,仍为单数的名词:
a. maths,politics,physics 等学科名词
b. news 是不可数名词
c. the United States,the United Nations (联合国)
d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也视为单数
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
是一本非常有趣的故事书。
4). 关于“国人”的复数:
中、日友好:Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese
英、法联邦:Englishman — Englishmen,
Frenchman — Frenchmen
其他s: Australian—Australians , Canadian—Canadians ,
American—Americans
6).有些名词复数形式可表示特别意思,如:
goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼
[ 典型题例分析 ]
例1 下列几组复数名词中,每组都有一个错词,请指出:
1. A.Chinese B. Frenchmen C. Englishmen D. Germen
2. A. tomatoes B. photos C. radioes D. potatoes
3. A. desks B. Americans C. friends D. breads
4. A. stories B. families C. plays D. keies
5. A. leaves B. knives C. rooves D. shelves
6. A. clothes B.monthes C. mouths D. fifths
1. The man has two________.
A. knife B. knives C. knifes
2. 改错: ( ) How many child can you find in the park?
A. B. C. D.
3. We should brush our ________(tooth) every day.
4. We don’t have hamburgers or _______crisps.
A. potato B. potatoes C. a potato D. potatos
5. This is an egg. (变复数句) _______ ________ eggs.
6. They’re from different ________. (family)
7. He is having ____.
A. a class B. a English class C. China class
8. Some ____are eating grass on the hill.
A. horse B. cow C. sheep
9. How many _____are there in the box?
A. lolly B. lollys C. lollies
(四)不可数名词
water 水
coffee 咖啡
milk牛奶
juice果汁
tea茶
paper纸
news 新闻
food 食物
fruit水果
weather天气
sand沙子
snow 雪
rain 雨
wind风
chicken 肌肉
meat肉
fish鱼肉
salad 沙拉
homework家庭作业
housework 家务活
hair头发
rice米饭
bread面包
butter黄油
salt盐
sugar糖
jam果酱
honey蜂蜜
chocolate巧克力
flour面粉
time时间
money钱
1.常见的不可数名词:
2.不可数名词:不可数名词没有复数形式,前不能加数词和a / an
量的表示: a piece of paper three cups of tea a bottle of juice
information信息
3. 不可数名词计量的表达:
数词 / 冠词 + 量词 + of +名词
①个数单位词:piece, slice, bar, block, pair
②容器单位词:bottle, bag, box, glass, can, tin
③类别单位词:kind
④度量衡单位词:kilo, pound
练习:两板巧克力
一袋大米
一副眼镜
四公斤苹果
two bars of chocolate
a bag of rice
a pair of glasses
four kilos of apples
(五)名词所有格
1. 表示有生命的名词所有格
1) 单数名词词尾加 ’s ; 复数名词词尾没有s, 也加 ’s
2)词尾有 s 的复数名词,只加 ’
a.后面以s结尾的名词复数,在它后面直接加 ’
例如:the workers’ club
b.后面不是以s结尾的名词复数,在它后面加 ’s
例如: Children’s Day
3)表示 几个人共有,只在最后一个名词后加 ’s;若表示各自所有,
则需在每个名词后都加 ’s
例如:Jane and Mary’s room (共有)
Jane’s and Tom’s rooms (不共有)
4)在表示某人的家、店铺时,所有格后的名词常省略
例如:go to Mr Wang’s 去王先生家
at the doctor’s 在诊所
2. 无生命的名词,用“名词 +of+ 名词”来表示。
A的B 说成 B of A
例如 :the gate of the school
windows of the room
3. 双重所有格
当所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词修饰
时,常用“of+名词所有格”的形式来表示,of后的名词一般指
人,不指物。
例如:two friends of my brother’s
a few friends of Li Ming’s
that book of Li Ming’s
名词所有格专练
1. 我妈妈的______________
2. 孩子们的书包________________
3. 男孩们的书包_________________
4. 哥哥的一个房间_________________
5. 爸爸的朋友之一__________________
6. 父亲节_____________________
7. It is _______room.
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily’s and Lucy’s C. Lily and Lucy’s
8. 用of格转换 the girl’s name _________________
9. June 1st is________day.
A. Child’s B. Children’s C. Childrens’
10.This is my book. That book is _______.
A. Tom B. Jacks C. Ben’s
(六)名词前的修饰词:
① many , few , a few + 可数名词复数
② much , little , a little +不可数名词
③ a lot of, lots of, some,any +可数 / 不可数
(七)物主代词不可与 a, an, this,
that, these, those, some, any,
several, no, each, every, such,
another, which等词一起连用修饰名词
(八)合成词:
① 有连词符(数词+名词单数+形容词),
作定语,放在名词前
She’s a five-year-old girl.
② 没连词符(数词+名词复数+形容词),
作表语,放在be动词后
The girl is five years old.
(九)名词变形容词
1. 名词 + y
rain (雨水) →rainy (多雨的)
wind (风) →windy (多风的,风大的)
cloud (云) →cloudy (多云的,阴天的)
snow (雪)→ snowy (多雪的)
sun (太阳)→ sunny (多阳光的,明朗的) [别忘了双写n]
luck (运气)→ lucky (幸运的)
noise (嘈杂声) →noisy (嘈杂的,喧闹的) [别忘了去掉e]
health(健康) →healthy (健康的)
sleep(睡眠) →sleepy(睡着的)
2. 名词+ ful
care (关心,小心) →careful (小心的,仔细的)
color (颜色) →colorful (彩色的;色彩艳丽的)
1.After the exams , we shall have —— holiday .
A. two months B. two-month
C. a two –month D. a two months
2.Mr Smith is ——.
A.English B. Englishman
C. Englishwoman D. Englishmen
3.Wang Lei was born in Wuhan ,but Guangzhou has
become her second ——.
A family B. home C. house D. country
4.Most Englih people’s family name comes ——
A. first B. middle C. last D. together
5.There is a —— over the river .
A. ship B. boat C . bridge D. village
1.The two girls are ___________ ( Japan ) .
2. The_______( baby ) are asleep .
3. Do you know the two ( man teacher ) ?
4. The ( child ) are washing their_____ ( foot ) .
5.There are two______( people ) and lots of ( sheep )
in the fields .
6. September 10 is ( teacher ) Day .
7. I think physics ( be )more interesting than maths .
8. Don’t you think the ( radio ) are too noisy ?
9. Whose ( knife )are these ?
Japanese
babies
men teachers
children feet
people sheep
teachers’
is
radios
knives
Ⅱ 单项选择:
1. The boy dropped the and broke it .
A. cup of coffee B. coffee’s cup
C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
2. In time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too .
A. few years B. a few years’
C. a few year D. a few year’s
3. Granny is badly ill . We have to take her to the_____.
A. farm B. post office C. ship D. hospital
4. I have ____to tell you .
A. a news B. many news
C. a good piece of news D. many newses
A
B
D
C
flower flowers
book books
watches
boxes
buses
brushes
factories
baby babies
factory
boys boy
leaf
wolf wolves
leaves
knife knives
sheep mouse goose
sheep
Mr.Sheep,
How many sheep are there in your family?
There are two sheep.
Mr.Mouse,
How many mice are there in your family?
mouse
There are six mice.
goose
Miss.goose,
How many geese are there in your family?
There are ten geese.
1. I have two ___and ___.
A. leg , feet B. legs , foots C. legs , feet
2. How many ___ are there in the city ?
A. factories B. factorys C.factoris D. factory
3. You must clean your ____ every day.
A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. teeths
C
A
B
不可数名词
(1) 不可数名词通常指无法计数的人或物,
如:meat(肉),ink(墨水),air(空
气),water(水),snow(雪)等。
(2)不可数名词单复数变化只有一种形式,
不可数名词要表示数量的多少时,可用
some(一些),much(许多),a lot of(许
多)等词或词组修饰。 如:some juice
(一些果汁),a lot of water(许多水)。
(3) 若不可数名词非要表示数量时,可在
不可数名词前用一个合适的量词词组。量
词词组要按英语的习惯与不可数名词搭配,
但要注意,用在不可数名词前的量词词组
有单、复数的变化。如:a piece of meat
(一块肉),some cups of tea(几杯茶),
two bottles of milk(两瓶牛奶)。
• 名词中有些词既可做可数名词,又可做
不可数名词。如:fish(鱼、鱼肉),
chicken(鸡,鸡肉),cake(蛋糕)等。
名词所有格
名词所有格
一、构成 :’ s + 名词 “的”
a . 名词词尾没有s,用 ’s
Lucy’s hair / my mother’s bag
b. 名词词尾有s,用 s ’
the girls' high school
workers’ club
根据所给单词的正确形式填空:
1. Different people may have different
_____. (idea)
2. I often go to work on . (foot)
3. I know one of the . (boy)
4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of .
(glass)
ideas
foot
boys
glasses
5. Please give them their _______ . (photo)
6. Are there any_________in the box? (watch)
7. There are twelve _______in a year. (month)
photos
watches
months
( ) 1. Please give me ______ paper.
A. one B. a piece C. a D. a
piece of
( ) 2. This table is made of_______.
A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass
( ) 3.Bill runs fast. He won the _____ 800-metre race
yesterday.
A.boys B.boys’ C.boy D.boy‘s .
( ) 4. Some ______ came to our school for a visit that day.
A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies
( ) 5. In the picture there are many______ and two_______.
A. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; foxes
C. sheep; foxes D. sheep;foxs
D
D
B
A
C
选择填空:
Thank you !