动词的分类
1.be动词
2.助动词
3.情态动词
4.系动词
5.实意动词
动词的概念:
动词是表示动作或者状态的词。
一、be动词
be动词的几种形式
1) am, is ,are
2) was, were
3) being
be 动词的用法
1. 与名词,数词,形容词,介词连用
1)He is my teacher.
2) She is ten.
3) They are tired.
4) The cat is under the desk.
2. be动词在时态中的运用
1)在一般现在时中
I am a doctor.
2)在现在进行时中
We are talking.
3.在There be 句型中的用法
1)There is a pen on the desk.
2)There is some water in the glass.
3)There are some sheep in the hill.
4)There was a book on the
desk yesterday.
5)There is going to be a film
in our school next Sunday.
注意:
根据时态和句中名词选择be动词的适当形式。
走进名校
用be动词的适当形式填空。
1.This pair of gloves _______for Lingling.
2.The girl ____ in hospital last Sunday.
3.They _____ good students.
4.There _____ not any buses many years ago.
5.Now , there ____ lots of buses and cars in
China.
二、助动词
助动词的几种形式
1)do / don’t
2) does / doesn’t
3) did / didn’t
4) will / won’t
助动词的用法
1.对句子进行疑问和否定
1)Do you get up early every day?
2) I didn’t have lunch yesterday.
3) Will you be back soon?
2.运用在反义疑问句中
1)He works in a school , doesn’t he ?
2)She has never been there , has she?
走进名校
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.She doesn’t _______ (like)eating fruit.
2.I _______(not play) basketball on
Saturdays.
3._____ you _____(sing) in the music
room last night?
4.Marry ______ ______ _______(get up)
at 6:00 tomorrow.
5.---Will you _____ (play) with me?
----No ,I won’t.
三、情态动词
• 情态动词表示义务、能力、必要、猜测等说话人
的语气和态度。
1)情态动词后面跟动词原形
2)只有时态变化,没有人称的变化
情态动词
原 形 过去式 词 义
can could 能
may might 可以(或许)
must must 必须(不得不)
will would 愿意
shall should 应该
need needed 需要
1. can / could
1)在表示有能力做某事时,could 是can 的过去式。
e.g.I can swim.
e.g.I could swim at the age of five.
2)在表示请求允许的时候两者可互换,could比
can语气更委婉。
e.g.Can I help you?
e.g.Could you open the window?
2.must
1)表示义务,命令或必须。
e.g.You must finish it before 5 o’clock.
e.g.Must I hand it in now?
2)否定句用mustn’t,否定回答用needn’t。
e.g.You mustn’t play in the street.
---Must I clean the room now?
---No, you needn’t.
3.may
1)表示请求、许可、可以
e.g. May I ask you some questions?
e.g. May we start now?
4. should
1)表“应该”
e.g. Who should I meet this afternoon?
e.g. You should pack[pæk]your bag quickly.
走进名校
用所给词的适当形式填空并翻译下列句子。
1.They can ____(come) here at 6:00.
2.They may ___ (ask) you a question.
3.---Can you speak English?
----Yes , I______.
4. You mustn’t ______ (play) in the street.
5.You shouldn’t ______ (make) noise in
the library.
四、系动词
1.我们所学过的系动词
1)be-v., look, feel, smell, get, become,
turn, keep
2)感观动词有:feel, look, sound, smell, taste等
2.它们后面常接形容词,构成系表结构。
1) I feel hungry.
2) He looks happy.
3)Please keep the classroom clean.
4)The bread looks very fresh.
走进名校
选词填空。
1.He _____ healthy.
2.Tom ____ happy every day.
3.The song ____ nice.
4. Please ______the classroom clean.
5. The dish ______ delicious.
looks feels smells keep sounds
五、实义动词
1.实义动词是指具有行为意思的动词,也叫行为动词。
2.实义动词的四种形式:
原形
第三人称单数
过去式
现在分词
注意:掌握实义动词四种形式的变化规律
1)I like the book.
2) He works in the office.
3) I caught a cold last week.
4) we are dancing now.
英语动词的基本形式及变化规则
1.三单形式变化规则
2. 动词-ing形式的变化规则
3. 动词过去式的构成变化规则
1.单三形式变化规则
(1)一般动词在词尾加- s,
在清辅音后读 /s / ,
在浊辅音或元音后读 / z /
在t后读/ ts /, 在d后读 / dz /
help → helps ,swim → swims
(2)以字母s, x, ch , sh 结尾的动词加- es,
读/ iz/ , 在d后读/ dz/.
guess → guesses,
teach → teaches,
以o结尾的动词也加es,读/ z /。
go → goes
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,
先变y为 i,再加-es,读/ z /。
fly → flies
carry → carries
特殊: be → is
have → has
do → does
2.动词- ing形式的构成
(1) 一般在动词末尾加-ing.
go → going,ask → asking
(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,
再加-ing.
write → writing,close → closing,
take → taking
(3)以闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只
有一个辅音字母,应先双写这一字母,
再加-ing.
get → getting,sit → sitting,
put →putting,run → running,
begin → beginning
3.规则动词过去式的构成
(1)一般在动词原形末尾加-ed.
结尾是e 的动词直接加-d.
look → looked,play → played,
live → lived,hope → hoped
(2)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,
先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed.
stop → stopped,plan → planned,
trip → tripped
(3)结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,
先变“y”为“i”再加-ed.
study → studied,carry → carried
(4)词尾加-ed的读音
*在元音和浊辅音后面读为/ d / .
called,moved
**在清辅音后面读为/ t / .
finished ,helped
***在/ t / , / d /音后面读为/ id / .
wanted ,shouted
(5)不规则动词过去式
常见的不规则动词的过去式有:
am/is →was, are →were ,go →went,
have → had, do → did, get → got,
come → came, say → said, see → saw
put → put, eat → ate, take → took
走进名校
*写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式
stay ____ make ______ have_____ pass_____ watch _____
put______
**写出下列动词的现在分词
run skate drink_______ write _____ sit _______
make ______ shop___________ skip________
***写出下列动词的过去式
like read stop open______
wake plan get draw _____
do am/is come fly_______
ride swim see__________
• 单项选择
1.What are they going to ____ tomorrow?
A .did B. do C. does D. doing
2.---Do you _____ the English party?
---Yes , we do. It’s relaxing.
A . like B. call C. meet D. go
Thank you~