小升初英语介词
介词的定义代词是一种虚词,必须与名词,代词,动名词,数
词,动词等一起构成句子成分。
时间
地点
方位
方式
手段
表示时间的介词
at
at 7o'clock;at 9:15 具体时刻
at lunch time,at tea break 用餐时间
at Christmas,at Easter 节日
at ten,at the age of ten 年龄
at noon,at night 在正午,在夜间
表示时间的介词
on
on Monday 星期几
on Monday afternoon 星期一的下午
on May 1st 日期,具体某天
on the morning of January 22nd
日期的上午
on Children's Day 节日当天
表示时间的介词
in
in the morning 泛指某天的上午、下午
in September 月份
in 2010 年份
in spring 季节
in her twenties 在他二十多岁时
表示时间的介词
before 表示在某一时间或某事件之前
after 表示在某一时间或某事件之后
My uncle will come to my home in three days.
I always brush my teeth before going to bed.
My grandma often takes a walk after supper.
in+一段时间,表示一段时间之后,用于将来
Exercises
•1.I was born ____ November 15th,2002.
• A.in B.on C. at
•2._____a cold winter morning ,a farmer went
to the farm
•alone.
•A.In B.At C.On
B
C
表示空间和方位的介词at at home,at school,at the
party,at the airport
用于建筑物、机场、车站等较小
范围的地点
in in the world,in America ,
in our ciry
用于国家,城市等较大范围的地点
My father will arrive ___Beijing the day
after tomorrow.
in
on,above,over,below,under
在...上面,
有接触面
在...下方,不
接触,不强调是
否垂直
在...上方,不
接触,不强调是
否垂直
在...正上方,
不接触,垂直
在...的下面,
不接触,但垂直
at,by,beside,next,near
at,by,beside均表示在...旁边
next to 表示紧靠...的旁边
near表示在...的附近
She sat by her mother. 她靠着她妈妈坐下
The music room is nest to our classoom.
音乐教室在我们教室的隔。
There is a supermarket near my home.
我家附近有一家超市。
between,among,
He stood between his two brothers.
他站在他两个哥哥的中间
between表示在两者之间
He sat among his toys.
他坐在他的玩具中间
among表示在三者或三者以上的中间
in,to
Shanghai is in the east of China.
上海在中国的东部。
in 表示某物或某地在一个区域内
Japan is to the east of China.
日本在中国的东面
to表示某事物或某地相对于另一事物或地方的位置
区分in和on
• There is a photo on the newspaper.
• (表示照片在报纸的上方,照片不是报纸的内容)
• There is a photo in the newspaper.
• (表示报纸上有张照片,照片是报纸的内容)
• There is a bird____the tree.
• There is an apple ____the tree.
in
on
in front of,in the front of
Don't stand in front of the bus.
不要站在公交车的前面。
in front of 表示在某一空间外部的前面。
反义词为behind
Don't sit in the front of the bus.
不要坐在公交车的前排。
in the front of 表示在某一空间内部的前面。
反义词为at the back of
across ,through 两者均表示穿过
walk across the road穿过马路
go through the tunnel 穿过隧道
表示手段和材料的介词
Lucy always goes to school by bus.
表示用某种方式,多用于交通。(零冠词)
They talked on the telephone.
以...方式,多用于固定词组
I often do my homework with a ball pen.
表示用某种工具(必须用冠词或物主代词)
表示手段和材料的介词
She wrote the letter in pink.
They talk in English.
The boy in black is our monitor.
表示用某种材料(零冠词)、语言或穿...颜色的衣服
The box is made of wood.
Wine is made from grapes.
表示成品仍可看出原材料
表示成品看不出原材料
Exercises
•Please fill in the form ____ pen first.
•A.in B .with C. by
•Paper is made_____wood.
•A.of B.on C.from
A
C
小升初知识点专题 介词
介词的含义:
表示词与词、词与句之间关系的词叫做介词。
介词是虚词,能在句中单独做句子成分,只能与名词、代
词或相当于名词的其它词、短语、句子等一起构成介词短
语,一起做句子成分。
介词的分类:
一、按其构成分为: 简单介词、符合介词和介词
短语三种类型
1.简单介词: 如: after,at,in,on,from,near,
behind
2.复合介词:into,within,outside,onto,without
3.短语介词:out of,in front of,because of
二、不同种类的介词
按其意义分为时间介词、地点介词和方式介词等
1.表示时间的介词
(1)at 表示时刻,意为“在….”
例如:at 10 o’clock , at night
(2)after 表示“在 …以后”,用于过去时
例如:after school ,after work
(3)before表示“在…之前”
例如:before school,before May
(4)during 表示“在…期间”
例如:during the weekend
(5)for 表示“持续…时间”
例如:for 3 years,for two weeks
(6)from 表示“从…起”
例如:from now on,from then on
(7)in 表示“一段时间”
例如: in a week ,in two years
(8)on 表示“具体的日子,某天的早中晚”
例如:on Sunday ,on Wednesday morning
时间名词前介词的用法口诀:
年月周前要用in;具体日期却要禁;
遇到几号要用on;上午下午又是in;
要说某日上下午;用on 换in 要记清;
午夜黄昏用at;黎明用它也不错;
at 用在时分前。
2.表示地点、方位的介词
(1)at 在…(小地方)
例如: at the entrance
(2)in 在…(大地方)
例如:in Beijing
(3)on 在上面
例如: on the desk
(4)after 在后面
例如:after you,after the bus
(5)under 在下面
例如:under the cap ,under the apple tree
(6) behind 在后面
例如: behind her ,behind the jeep
(7)near 在旁边
例如:near the river ,near the tree
(8)over 在上方
例如:over the table
(9)between 在两者之间
例如:between you and me
(10)among 三者以上之间
例如:among the three sisters
(11)before 在前面
例如:before her
3.方位介词
(1)with “用”,其后面接某种工具
例如:with a knife 用一把小刀
(2)in “用”,其后面接抽象的东西
例如:in Chinese 用中文 in English 用英语
(3) by “用”,其后面接交通工具
例如:by bus 坐公共汽车 by car 做小汽车
三、介词的固定搭配
1.at 的固定搭配
at noon 在中午 at night 在夜晚 at that time 在那时
at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the foot of 在…脚下
at the age of 在…岁时 arrive at/in 到达 at first 起初;开始
at last 最后 at the moment 此刻 laugh at 嘲笑
at present 现在 at work 上班 at the same time 同时
look at 看;注视 be good at 善于 at most 至多
at least 至少 at once 立刻;马上
3.on 的固定搭配
on time 准时 on the playground 在
操场上
on duty 值日
on Monday/Tuesday
在星期一/星期二
on holiday
度假
on the left/right 在
左/右边
on the radio
在广播中
on foot 步行 on sale 出售;降价
出售
on TV
在电视上播放
on the phone
在电话中
on the way
在路上
2.in 的固定搭配
in time 及时 in a hurry 匆忙 in the sky 在空中
in bed 在床上 in the end 在最后 be interested in
对…感兴趣
in the
morning/afternoon/
evening
in
spring/summer/autu
mn/winter
in
January/February
in all 总体 in English 用英语 in short 总之
in the end 最后 in danger 在危险中 in class 在课堂上
in fact 事实上 in a minute 立刻 in order to 为了
4.其他常见短语的固定搭配
get off 下车 get up 起床 help sb with sth
帮助某人做某事
ask for 请求 learn from 向…学
习
look after 照顾
look for 寻找 think for 想到 worry about 担心
listen to 听 talk about 交谈;
谈论
wait for 等候;
等待
thank for 为…而感谢 be afraid of
对…很着迷
be careful with
小心
be good for 对…有利 be late for 由于
某事迟到
be proud o 感到
自豪
Exercise:
1.选择括号内恰当的介词填空
(1)What’s this ________(at,in) English?
(2)Children’s Day is ________(on,in) the 1st of June.
(3)Look at the monkeys ____ (in,on) the tree.(外来物)
(4)Tom doesn’t do well ____ (in,at)Math.
(5)She is a friend _____ (of,to )my sisters.
(6)Please call me _______ (to,at) 234-79865.
(7)Here’s a nice picture _______ (with,for) you.
(8)The little girl is looking________ her mother.
(9)Thank you ________ your help.
(10)Don’t read ________ bed.
in
in
in
on
of
at
for
in
for
at
2.单项选择:
1.China lies_______ the east of Asia and ______ the
east of Japan.
A. in; on B. in; to C. to; in
2.Here are some flowers______ our best wishes.
A.to B with C for
3.Bob was born ______May 12,1999.
A in B.at C.on
4.Li Lei and Jane meet ______.
A at the morning B in the morning C on the morning
B
BB
B
The Farmer and the Snake
It was a cold winter day. A
farmer found a snake on the ground.
It was nearly dead by cold. The
Farmer was a kind man. He picked
up the snake carefully and put it
under the coat.
Soon the snake Began to move
and it raised its mouth and bit the
farmer. “Oh, My god!” said the
farmer, “I save your life, but you
thank me in that way. You must die.”
Then he killed the snake with a
stick. At last he died, too.
•in(1)在…里
My mother told me to stay in the car.
我妈妈让我在车里等她。
(2)穿着,带着
The boy in red is my bother.
那个穿红衣服的是我哥哥。
(3)在…期间
She will come in two or three days.
她两三天内来。
• from
(1)自,从
We go to school from Monday to Friday.
我们从周一到周五上课。
(2)从…来
She is from America.
她从美国来。
• like
(1)像…一样
She looks like her mother.
她看上去像她妈妈。
(2)这样,那样
Do it like this.
像这样做。
• on
(1)在…上
There is a book on the desk.
桌子上有一本书。
(2)在…旁
She lives in a building on the main street.
她住在临大街的一栋房子里。
(3)在…情况下
I picked up a pen on my way home.
我在回家的路上拾到支笔。
• with
(1)和…一起
He came here with his father.
他和他爸爸一起来的。
(2)用
I write a letter with this pen.
我用这支笔写的信。
(3)用于描述事物
the girl with glasses戴眼镜的女孩
• about
(1)关于
The book is about the history of China.
这本书是关于中国历史的。
(2)大约
It’s about five o’clock.
现在大约7点钟。
• after
(1)模仿
Read after me.跟我读。
(2)在…以后
I always have a walk after supper.
我总是晚饭后散步。
• before
(1)在…前面
She sits before me.
她坐在我面前。
(2)在…之前
You should get everything well before leaving.
你应该在出发之前把东西 准备好。
• by
(1)在…旁边
There is a cat by the tree.
树边有只猫。
(2)到…为止
By the end of this month, I’ll have read all those
books.
到这个月底我将读完那些书。
(3)用(方法,手段)
I often go to school by bus.
我经常坐车去上学。
She made a living by painting.
她以画画为生。
• for
(1)表示一段时间
for two weeks 有两周了
(2)为了,表目的
I made a doll for my sister.
我给我妹妹做了个娃娃。
(3)因为,由于
Thank you for listening.
谢谢听讲。
(4)往,向(表示去向)
They left for Hong Kong last week.
他们上周去香港了。
• at
(1)在某一时刻
at five 在5点
at midnight 在午夜
(2)在…岁时
at the age of 12 在12岁的时候
(3)在…期间
at night 在晚上
at Christmas 在圣诞节期间(不仅当天)
(4)在…地点
She is waiting for me at the bus station.
她在车站等我呢。
时间名词前所用介词的速记歌
年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行。
遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in。
要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。
午夜黄昏须用at,黎明用它也不错。
at也用在明分前,
说“差”可要用上to,说“过”只可使用past
多说多练牢牢记,
莫让岁月空蹉跎。
表示时间的介词
1. in用法:在某年、某季节、某月、某世纪的年代等固定短语
前用介词 in。
in 1995,in spring,in October,
in the 1990’s (在20世纪90年代 ),
in the morning,in the afternoon,
in the evening...
2.on用法:在某日,星期几,(某年)某月某日,特定的早上、
下午、晚 上,或有修饰语的时间前用 on
on the third,on Monday,on July 1,1921.
on the morning of June 1,on Saturday afternoon,
on the early summer,on the late afternoon...
3.at用法 : 在几点钟和一些固定短语中,用介词 “at”。
at eight,at noon,at night...
4.for用法: 表示 一段时间。
I have been in Beijing for four years.
我在北京呆了四年。
Is it all right if I use it for a minute?
我能使用一下它吗?
5.after用法:表示“在……之后”。
After seven the rain began to fall.
雨是7点钟以后开始下的。
6.from…to…用法: 表示从某一点时间到另一点时间的一段
时间
My mother studied in Beijing University
from 1960 to 1964.
注意:不用介词表示时间的词或词组
含this, that, last, next 的表示时间的名
词词组,以及某些时间的副词或名词词组前不用介
词,如:this year last summer yesterday
the day after tomorrow 等。
表地点位置的介词
1. over与above (under与below)
on, over,above都表示“在……的上面”,
on 表示“在某事物表面上”
over表示“正上方”,
above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。
over under,
above below .
There is a bridge over the river
Our plane flew above the clouds.
On
On
On
Over
Under
Above
B
e
l
o
w
2.at, in
at通常指小地方,in一般指大地方。
We’ll meet at the supermarket .
I had to stay in the supermarket as it was raining
hard.
3.after, behind
after 指顺序先后
behind 指位置在某事物之后,相对于in front of 而言
He entered the classroom after the teacher
He hid himself behind the door 他在门后。
表示“用” 的介词
with 多指用工具,用身体的部位或器官;
by 表示使用的方法、手段;
in 指使用某种语言。
We see with our eyes.
We go there by bike.
Please say it out in English.
He cut it open with a knife.
介词常见搭配
(1).动词+介词
listen to, laugh at, write to,
hear from, get to, look at,
shout to, knock at, look for,
look at, ask for, wait for,
get on, get to, put on,
turn on, take off, take off,
learn from, worry about walk along
(2).形容词+介词
afraid of, full of, angry with,
strict with, busy with, good at,
good/bad for, late for, sorry for,
ready for, famous for, polite to,
far from...
(3).名词+介词 / 介词+名词
key to, visit to, in surprise,
after class, for ever, on time,
at last, at first, for example.
Exercises:
1)The little girl is looking________ her mother.
2)Thank you ________ your help.
3)Don't read ________ bed.
4)Tom comes ________ the USA.
5)English names are different Chinese
names.
6)We always have a class meeting Monday
afternoon.
7)The story took place a cold night.
Thank you~