小升初英语总复习语法冠词完美
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小升初英语总复习语法冠词完美

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时间:2021-11-07

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帽子 名词的帽子 何为冠词? 冠词的“冠”字,就是“帽子”的意思, 谁的帽子呢,名词的帽子,因为冠词总是位于名词的前面,就像一个帽子一样总是戴在 名词的前面,因此把它形象地叫做名词的“冠”词。 冠 词 冠词中的三兄弟 a an the 冠 词 不定冠词 定冠词 a/ an 泛指单一,每一,任一事物 指类别(强调个体) the 特指 指类别(强调整体) 上文提到过的人或事 物 被限制性修饰语所限 度的人或事物 说话双方默认的人或 事物 世上独一无二的事物 用法: 1)表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个,经常是第一次提到某人 或某物。 如:He has a girlfriend. I have an elephant. 2)表示人或事物的某一类,强调整体,以一个表一类。 如:A horse is useful to mankind.马对人类有用 3)放在时间速度价格等前,表示“每一”的意思,相当于 every . 如:we often go to school two times a day. 4)用于说明身份和职业 如:i am a teacher. 一、不定代词a和an 5)在感叹句中用于单数名词前 What a funny boy. 多么有意思的一个男孩。 6)常考短语(必背) a little(不可数) /a few(可数) 一点 a type of 一种类型 a pair of 一双 a lot of 很多 in a hurry 急忙 in a minute 一会,马上 in a word 总而言之 have a try 尝试 have a look 看一看 have a good time 玩得愉快 have a rest 休息一下 have a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧 .不定冠词的用法: 口诀: 不定冠词两变体,用a或an都表“一”; 可数名词首次提,何人何物不具体; 某类人、物任一个,有时还要表“每一”。 选用方法:a or an? 口诀: 用 a 用an 这样分,不看字母看读音 不见“原因(元音)”别施“恩n” 以元音音素素开头的字母用an 以辅音音素的用a 如:an apple ['æpl] a boy [bɔɪ] 考什么?? 难点:1特殊以元音字母开头确不能用an的单词 useful [‘jusfəl]有用的, university [,junə’vɝsətɪ]大学usual [‘juʒuəl]通常的, European [,ju r ’pi: n]欧洲的, one- eyed [wʌn] , one-way 等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头,其读音是以辅音开头。 In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one- way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing. (在一所大学里,有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着 有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走,这是件平常的事。) 考点:小升初真题 1)There’s “h” in the word “hour”. A. a B. the C. an D./ 2) He is living European country A. a B. the C. an D./ 3)a little girl worte “U”and “N”on the blackboard. A.a B. the C. an D./ h [eit∫] 难点2: 当表示一人兼多种身份的情况,只在第一个名词前加冠词 如:A doctor and writer sits at the table. 当两个名词表示两个不同的人或事物,二者前均需加冠词 A doctor and a writer sit at the table. 如:Take the medicine. 把药吃了 如:He has a girlfriends, the girlfriend is her neighbor. 如:the sun, the sky, the earth, the world, the moonetc. 如:The fox is cunning. 二、定冠词:the 1)指双方都知道的人或事物。 2)指上文提到过的人或物。 3)用在世上独一无二的事物名词前。 4)与单数名词前连用表示某人或某物。 如:the old, the poor, the blind, etc. The old need(复数) love. The poor are poor. 如:He is the first one to help me This is the biggest city in the world. 如:on the right 在 右边 on the left 在左边 in the middle of 在中间 I live in the north.(south.west,east) I like the same color 5)用在少数形容词前表示一类人或事物。 6)用在序数词和形容词最高级前 。 7)在方位及only,same词前用the 如:the People’s Republic of China, etc. The Great Wall 如: the piano , erhu 如:the Greens, the Blacks, etc. 如:the Himalaya Mountains, the Yellow River, the Red Sea, the Taiwan Island, etc . 8)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 9)在表示乐器前(西洋) 10)用在姓氏复数形式之前,表示“某某一家”或“某某夫妇”。 11)用在山脉、江河、海洋、岛等名词前。 12)用在某些习惯用语中。 如:in the morning, 在早上 by the way, 顺便 必 背 .定冠词的基本用法 歌曰: 定冠词用法有规律,防止遗志很容易。    特指双方都熟悉, 上文已经被提及。    世上无二仅独一, 序数词和最高级。    山河海岛建筑物, 姓氏复数奏乐器。    少数形表人一类, 方位名词须牢记。    普构专有惯用词, 试用此诀有效率。 .零冠词的基本用法 歌曰:下列情况不用冠,代词限定名词前; 专有名词不可数,球类学科与三餐; 复数名词表泛指,节日月份星期前; 颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。 三、“0”冠词 零冠词(不用冠词) 1)专有名词(国民,地名,人名)、物质名词和抽象名词等不可数名词前。 如:China,water,music, etc. 2)名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词或不定代词等限定词。 如:The letter is in her bag. I have some questions. 3)复数名词表示泛指。 如:books are useful. 4)球类活动、学科名词、一日三餐前。 如:We have English and math every day. 5)节日、星期、月份、季节名称前。 如:June 1 is Children’s Day. 6)表示颜色、语言、称呼语和官职、头衔的名词前。 如:I like red. I can speak english . Headmaster Li comes to Class. 7)某些固定词组或习惯用语中。 如:at night, go to school, by bus, at home on foot at first at last at once etc. 定冠不定冠 意思差千万 有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词,其意义有所不同 如: 1)at table在吃饭; at the table在桌子旁 2)in class在上课; in the class在班级中 3)go to school去上学; go to the school到那所学校去 4)go to bed上床睡觉; go to the bed到床那边去 5)in front of在…的前面 ; in the front of在…的前部. • (2008年)_____ youngest leader in China is man called Lu Hao. • A.The;a B.A;the • C.A;a D.An;all A 真题操练 1. He is ______ strongest pupil in our class. A. a B. an C. the 2. He’ll come back in ____ hour. A. a B. an C. the 3. She has __ egg and some milk every morning. A. a B. an C. the 4. Alice likes to go ___ shopping with her friends. A. / B. a C. the 5. Tom is playing ___ football, and Lily is playing _____ piano. A. /, / B. the, / C. /, the 6. ___ sun is bigger than ____ moon. A. The, the B. /, / C. The, / Try out 7 _____ elephant is ______ useful animal . A An an B An a C The an 8 His aunt will be back in _______ hour . A a B an C the 9 I have ____ important meeting to attend . A a B an C the 10 She is too tired ,so she wants to have____ rest . A a B an C the 11 Foshan is a beautiful city .I’ll come here ___ second time . A a B the C an B B B A A 1 Mr. Wang bought ______ house .______ house is not far from the lake . A a An B the The C a The 2 Would you please pass me ________ sugar on the table ? A a B the C an 3 ____earth we live on is bigger than _____ moon. A The, a B The , the C A , the 4 _____ Blacks are going to the park this Sunday .Why don’t we go for _______ walk ? A A , a B The , a C The, the C B B B 1. ____ useful book 2. _____ Beijing 3. _____ Class 12 Grade 3 4. have ____ lunch 5. have ____ big lunch 6. in ____ morning 7. in ____ cold morning 8. ______ Mr Li 9. _____ university 10. ______ umbrella 11. _____ hour 12. _____ engineer 13. ____ forth street 14. _____ day before yesterday 15. play _____ chess play _____ golf 16. _____ few _____ little 17. by _____ time go to ______ cinema 18. at ____ breakfast at ______home a / / / a the a / a an an an the the / / a a the the / / 知识梳理 一、冠词的概念   冠词是一种虚词,本身没有词义,也不能单独使用,要用在名词或形容词的前面。 二、冠词的分类 三、冠词的用法   1. 不定冠词的用法   (1)与数词one同源,表示“一个”,泛指某人或某物,但语气不如one 强烈。   如:There is a lamp on the desk.   (2)代表一类人或物。   如:A driver is the one who drives. An elephant is the biggest animal on the land. (3)不定冠词a和an的选用 ①大部分单数可数名词前用a。如:a bag, a computer ②以元音字母a,e,i,o开头的单数可数名词,通常在其前面用an。 如:an apple, an egg, an ice-cream, an orange ③以元音字母u 开头的单词,有两种情况:  a. 当该字母的发音是元音/ /时,前面用an。如:an umbrella, an uncle  b. 当该字母的发音是辅音/ju /时,前面用a。如:a university student, a unit ④有的单词不是以元音字母开头,但是其第一个音素是元音音素的,也要用an。 如:an hour, an FM radio 【注】判断一个单词是否以元音开头,要根据单词音标的第一个因素。 2. 定冠词的用法   定冠词the在句中或是文中可理解为“this”或“that”, 在复数句子中理解为 “these” 或“those”。有“这(那)个(些)”的意思,但语气较弱,要和名词连用来表示 某个或某些特定的人或物。   (1)特指双方都明白的人或物。如:Look at the picture on the wall.   (2)指上文已提到过的人或物。如:There is a boy at table. The boy's name is Mike.   (3)指世上独一无二的事物。如:the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky   (4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物。如:the dollar, the fox (5)与复数名词连用,指整个群体。   如:They are the students of Class One. 他们是一班的学生。(指全体学生) They are students of Class One. 他们是一班的学生。(指部分学生)   (6)与形容词连用,表示一类人。如:the rich, the poor   (7)用在序数词或形容词最高级前。   如:on the second floor,the 12th birthday party,the tallest boy,the shortest player (8)用在某些由普通名词构成的组织、机构等专有名词前。   如:the People's Republic of China, the United States of America (9)用在表示乐器的名词之前。如:play the piano, play the violin, play the pipa   (10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人。如:the Greens, the Wangs   (11)用在惯用语中。如:in the day, in the morning, the day after tomorrow    3. 零冠词的用法   (1)国名、人名前通常不用定冠词。   如:China is a great country. Bingo is his name.   (2)在季节、月份、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不用冠词。   如:Spring is the first season of the year. Sunday is the first day of the week. (3)在三餐之前,不用冠词。如:have breakfast, have lunch, have dinner / supper   (4)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不用冠词。如:Failure is the mother of success.   (5)在球类名词之前,不用冠词。如:play basketball, play football, play badminton   (6)在学科、语言名词之前, 不用冠词。如: have Chinese class, speak English   (7)当by与交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,名词之前不用冠词。如:by bus, by train   (8)当名词前面有this, that, my, his, every, some,名词所有格等修饰词时, 不用冠词。   如:This is my schoolbag. Amy's doll is pink. (9)有些个体名词,如:school, hospital等,当它们直接置于介词后时,表示该 名词的深层含义;若名词前加定冠词the,则表示一般含义。如: 考点精析 考点 考查冠词的用法 【例1】用a,an, the 或 / 填空。   1. She has      apple and     pear.           2. I can speak      Chinese and             English well.   3. Mike can play     guitar and play      football.   4. After I had    quick breakfast, I hurried to school. 解析:此类题考查冠词在句子中的使用。要注意掌握定冠词、不定冠词和零冠 词的不同用法。 第1小题关键看apple 和pear 两个单词的第一个字母的发音是元音还是辅音;第2小题 语言名词前用零冠词;第3小题乐器名词前用定冠词,球类名词前用零冠词;第4小 题注意三餐名称前若有形容词,则可在形容词前加不定冠词 a。 答案:1. an;a 2. /;/ 3. the;/ 4. a 举一反三 1. 用 a 或 an 填空。 (1)   eye     (2) ear      (3)     mouth (4) old man (5) honest boy (6) useful book 2. 用正确的冠词填空。 (1)We study 8 hours day. (2)He is     tallest student in our class. (3)I had    breakfast at 7:00 this morning. (4)I often have big dinner on my birthday. an a an an an a a the a / 【例2】单项填空。 (  )Mr Black will go to Beijing    . A. by air  B. by a plane  C. take a plane   解析:本题考查冠词的使用和短语的固定搭配。by 与交通工具连用时,用零冠 词,B选项本身有错,不可选;take a plane 本身没有错,但是动词短语用在句子此 处不合适。by air 与by plane, by airplane, by aeroplane 同义,均意为“乘飞机”。 答案:A 举一反三 3. 在下列句子中的横线处填上适当的冠词或/。 (1) Let‘s go out for walk. (2) Did you have big dinner last night? (3) Washington is capital of USA. 4. 单项填空。 ( )    woman over there is     popular teacher in our school. A. A; the  B. The; a  C. The; the the a a B 过关检测 一、用不定冠词a或an 填空。   1. _____ egg 2. _____ boy   3. _____ student 4. _____ umbrella   5. _____ university 6. _____ hour   7. _____ old house 8. _____ young man   9. _____ English book 二、用a,an,the或 / 填空,补全句子。   1. I have _____English book. _____ book is very interesting.   2. That is _____ orange. It’s _____ big orange. an a a an a an an an an The an a a   3. Today is _____ Sunday. It’s _____ first day of a week.   4. _____ sun is much bigger than _____ moon.   5. Beijing is the capital(首都) of _____ China.   6. The sun comes out in _____ morning and sets down in _____ evening.   7. What _____ interesting film it is!I like _____ film very much.   8. Let’s go for _____ walk, shall we?   9. Which is _____ biggest, _____ sun, _____ moon, or _____ earth?   10. I have two dogs. _____ black one is young and _____ yellow one is old. / the The the / the the an a the the the the The the the 三、单项填空。   (  )1. Chen Jie is Chinese girl.     A. a B. an C. the D. /   (  )2. Mike is from America.     A. a B. an C. the D. /   (  )3. This is useful book.     A. a B. an C. the D. /    (  )4. He is artist.     A. a B. an C. the D. /   (  )5. This is my pet dog.     A. a B. an C. the D. /  A D A B D  (  )6. Ann likes playing piano very much.     A. a B. an C. the D. / (  )7. Mrs Black often goes to school to see her son John.     A. a B. an C. the D. / (  )8. This is map of world.     A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a (  ) 9. Our classroom is on second floor. Let’s go to classroom.     A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a (  )10. Tokyo is capital of Japan.     A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; / C C C B D Homework today 背默不定冠词,定冠词与零冠词的口诀

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