词 类
冠 词
帽子
名词的帽子
何为冠词?
冠词的“冠”字,就是“帽子”的意思,
谁的帽子呢,名词的帽子,因为冠词总是位于名词的前面,就像一个帽子一
样总是戴在名词的前面,因此把它形象地叫做名词的“冠”词。
冠词中的三兄弟
a
an
the
冠
词
不定冠词
定冠词
a/ an
泛指单一,每一,任一事物
指类别(强调个体)
the
特指
指类别(强调整体)
1.上文提到过的人或事物
2.被限制性修饰语所限度的
人或事物
3.说话双方默认的人或事物
4.世上独一无二的事物
用法:
1)表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个,经常是第一次提到某人或某物。
如:He has a friend.
I have an elephant.
2)表示“一”这个数量,但没有one强烈。
如:She has a small nose. 她有一个小鼻子。
3)放在时间速度价格等前,表示“每一”的意思,相当于every .
如:we often go to school two times a day.
4)用于说明身份和职业
如:I am a teacher.
不定代词a和an
5)在感叹句中用于单数名词前
What a funny boy. 多么有意思的一个男孩。
6)常考短语(必背)
a little(不可数) /a few(可数) 一点
a type of 一种类型 a lot of 很多 a pair of 一双
in a hurry 急忙 in a minute 一会,马上
in a word 总而言之
have a try 尝试 have a look 看一看
have a good time 玩得愉快
have a rest 休息一下
have a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧
.不定冠词的用法
口诀:
不定冠词两变体,用a或an都表“一”;
可数名词首次提,何人何物不具体;
某类人、物任一个,有时还要表“每一”。
选用方法:a or an?
口诀:
用 a 用an 这样分,不看字母看读音
不见“原因(元音)”别施“恩n”
以元音音素素开头的字母用an
以辅音音素的用a
如:an apple ['æpl]
a boy [bɔɪ]
考什么??
难点1:特殊以元音字母开头确不能用an的单词
useful [‘jusfəl]有用的, university [,junə’vɝsətɪ]大学
usual [‘juʒuəl]通常的, European [,ju r ’pi: n]欧洲的
one- eyed [wʌn] one-way
单词的拼写以元音字母开头,其读音是以辅音开头。
In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along
a one- way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing.
(在一所大学里,有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具
沿着一条单行道行走,这是件平常的事。)
考点:小升初真题
1) There’s “h” in the word “hour”.
A. a B. the C. an D./
2) He is living European country。
A. a B. the C. an D./
3) A little girl worte “U”and “N”on the blackboard.
A.a,an B. the,an C. an,a, D.an,a
难点2 :
当表示一人兼多种身份的情况,只在第一个名词前加冠词
A doctor and writer sits at the table.
当两个名词表示两个不同的人或事物,二者前均需加冠词
A doctor and a writer sit at the table.
Take the medicine. 把药吃了
He has a girlfriend, the girlfriend is his neighbor.
the sun, the sky, the earth, the world, the moon
The fox is running.
The定冠词
1)指双方都知道的人或事物。
2)指上文提到过的人或物。
3)用在世上独一无二的事物名词前。
4)与单数名词前连用表示某人或某物。
如:the old, the poor, the blind, etc.
The old need(复数) love.
The poor are poor.
如:He is the first one to help me
This is the biggest city in the world.
如:on the right 在 右边
on the left 在左边
in the middle of 在中间
I live in the north.(south.west,east)
I like the same color
定冠词The
5)用在少数形容词前表示一类人或事物。
6)用在序数词和形容词最高级前 。
7)在方位及only,same词前用the
定冠词The
如:the People’s Republic of China,
The Great Wall
如: the piano , erhu
如:the Greens, the Blacks
如:the Himalaya Mountains, the Yellow River,
the Red Sea, the Taiwan Island
8)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
9)在表示乐器前(西洋)
10)用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“某某一家”/“某某夫妇”
11)用在山脉、江河、海洋、岛等名词前。
12)用在某些习惯用语中。
如:in the morning, 在早上
by the way, 顺便
必 背
.定冠词的基本用法
定冠词用法有规律,防止遗忘很容易。
特指双方都熟悉, 上文已经被提及。
世上无二仅独一, 序数词和最高级。
山河海岛建筑物, 姓氏复数奏乐器。
少数形表人一类, 方位名词须牢记。
普构专有惯用词, 试用此诀有效率。
“0”冠词
.零冠词的基本用法
歌曰:下列情况不用冠,代词限定名词前;
专有名词不可数,球类学科与三餐;
复数名词表泛指,节日月份星期前;
颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
1)专有名词(国民,地名,人名)、物质名词和抽象名词等不可数名词前。
如:China,water,music, etc.
2)名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词或不定代词等限定词。
(this,that,his,her,my,someone)
如:The letter is in her bag.
I have some questions.
3)复数名词表示泛指。
如:books are useful.
4)球类活动、学科名词、一日三餐前。
如:We have English and math every day.
零冠词(不用冠词)
5)节日、星期、月份、季节名称前。
如:June 1 is Children’s Day.
6)表示颜色、语言、称呼语和官职、头衔的名词前。
如:I like red. I can speak english .
Headmaster Li comes to Class.
7)某些固定词组或习惯用语中。
如:at night, go to school, by bus,
at home on foot at first at last at once etc.
零冠词(不用冠词)
知识梳理
一、冠词的概念
冠词是一种虚词,本身没有词义,也不能单独使用,要用在名词或形容词的前面。
二、冠词的分类
三、冠词的用法
1. 不定冠词的用法
(1)与数词one同源,表示“一个”,泛指某人或某物,但语气不如one 强烈。
如:There is a lamp on the desk.
(2)代表一类人或物。
如:A driver is the one who drives.
An elephant is the biggest animal on the land.
(3)不定冠词a和an的选用
①大部分单数可数名词前用a。如:a bag, a computer
②以元音字母a,e,i,o开头的单数可数名词,通常在其前面用an。
如:an apple, an egg, an ice-cream, an orange
③以元音字母u 开头的单词,有两种情况:
a. 当该字母的发音是元音/ /时,前面用an。如:an umbrella, an uncle
b. 当该字母的发音是辅音/ju /时,前面用a。如:a university student, a unit
④有的单词不是以元音字母开头,但是其第一个音素是元音音素的,也要用an。
如:an hour, an FM radio
【注】判断一个单词是否以元音开头,要根据单词音标的第一个因素。
2. 定冠词的用法
定冠词the在句中或是文中可理解为“this”或“that”, 在复数句子中理解为
“these” 或“those”。有“这(那)个(些)”的意思,但语气较弱,要和名词连用来表示
某个或某些特定的人或物。
(1)特指双方都明白的人或物。如:Look at the picture on the wall.
(2)指上文已提到过的人或物。如:There is a boy at table. The boy's name is Mike.
(3)指世上独一无二的事物。如:the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky
(4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物。如:the dollar, the fox
(5)与复数名词连用,指整个群体。
如:They are the students of Class One. 他们是一班的学生。(指全体学生)
They are students of Class One. 他们是一班的学生。(指部分学生)
(6)与形容词连用,表示一类人。如:the rich, the poor
(7)用在序数词或形容词最高级前。
如:on the second floor,the 12th birthday party,the tallest boy,the shortest
player
(8)用在某些由普通名词构成的组织、机构等专有名词前。
如:the People's Republic of China, the United States of America
(9)用在表示乐器的名词之前。如:play the piano, play the violin, play the pipa
(10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人。如:the Greens, the Wangs
(11)用在惯用语中。如:in the day, in the morning, the day after tomorrow
3. 零冠词的用法
(1)国名、人名前通常不用定冠词。
如:China is a great country.
Bingo is his name.
(2)在季节、月份、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不用冠词。
如:Spring is the first season of the year.
Sunday is the first day of the week.
(3)在三餐之前,不用冠词。如:have breakfast, have lunch, have dinner /
supper
(4)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不用冠词。如:Failure is the mother of
success.
(5)在球类名词之前,不用冠词。如:play basketball, play football, play
badminton
(6)在学科、语言名词之前, 不用冠词。如: have Chinese class, speak English
(7)当by与交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,名词之前不用冠词。如:by bus,
by train
(8)当名词前面有this, that, my, his, every, some,名词所有格等修饰词时,
不用冠词。
如:This is my schoolbag.
Amy's doll is pink.
(9)有些个体名词,如:school, hospital等,当它们直接置于介词后时,表示该
名词的深层含义;若名词前加定冠词the,则表示一般含义。如:
考点精析
考点 考查冠词的用法
【例1】用a,an, the 或 / 填空。
1. She has apple and pear.
2. I can speak Chinese and
English well.
3. Mike can play guitar and play
football.
4. After I had quick breakfast, I hurried
to school.
解析:此类题考查冠词在句子中的使用。要注意掌握定冠词、不定冠词和零冠
词的不同用法。
第1小题关键看apple 和pear 两个单词的第一个字母的发音是元音还是辅音;第2小题
语言名词前用零冠词;第3小题乐器名词前用定冠词,球类名词前用零冠词;第4小
题注意三餐名称前若有形容词,则可在形容词前加不定冠词 a。
答案:1. an;a 2. /;/ 3. the;/ 4. a
举一反三
1. 用 a 或 an 填空。
(1) eye (2) ear
(3) mouth (4) old man
(5) honest boy (6) useful book
2. 用正确的冠词填空。
(1)We study 8 hours day.
(2)He is tallest student in our class.
(3)I had breakfast at 7:00 this morning.
(4)I often have big dinner on my birthday.
an
a
an
an
an
a
a
the
a
/
【例2】单项填空。
( )Mr Black will go to Beijing .
A. by air B. by a plane C. take a plane
解析:本题考查冠词的使用和短语的固定搭配。by 与交通工具连用时,用零冠
词,B选项本身有错,不可选;take a plane 本身没有错,但是动词短语用在句子此
处不合适。by air 与by plane, by airplane, by aeroplane 同义,均意为“乘飞机”。
答案:A
举一反三
3. 在下列句子中的横线处填上适当的冠词或/。
(1) Let‘s go out for walk.
(2) Did you have big dinner last night?
(3) Washington is capital of USA.
4. 单项填空。
( ) woman over there is popular
teacher in our school.
A. A; the B. The; a C. The; the
the
a
a
B
过关检测
一、用不定冠词a或an 填空。
1. _____ egg 2. _____ boy
3. _____ student 4. _____ umbrella
5. _____ university 6. _____ hour
7. _____ old house 8. _____ young man
9. _____ English book
二、用a,an,the或 / 填空,补全句子。
1. I have _____English book. _____ book is very interesting.
2. That is _____ orange. It’s _____ big orange.
an a
a an
a an
an
an
an The
an a
a
3. Today is _____ Sunday. It’s _____ first day of a week.
4. _____ sun is much bigger than _____ moon.
5. Beijing is the capital(首都) of _____ China.
6. The sun comes out in _____ morning and sets down in _____ evening.
7. What _____ interesting film it is!I like _____ film very much.
8. Let’s go for _____ walk, shall we?
9. Which is _____ biggest, _____ sun, _____ moon, or _____ earth?
10. I have two dogs. _____ black one is young and _____ yellow one is old.
/ the
The the
/
the
the
an
a
the the the
the
The
the
the
三、单项填空。
( )1. Chen Jie is Chinese girl.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )2. Mike is from America.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )3. This is useful book.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )4. He is artist.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )5. This is my pet dog.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
A
D
A
B
D
( )6. Ann likes playing piano very much.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )7. Mrs Black often goes to school to see her son John.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )8. This is map of world.
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a
( ) 9. Our classroom is on second floor. Let’s go to classroom.
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a
( )10. Tokyo is capital of Japan.
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; /
C
C
C
B
D
Good bye