小升初英语语法专项复习there be句型完美

名词单复数 名词可以分为： 可数名词和不可数名词 1)不可数名词没有单复数，一律看做单数 2) 可数名词的单数前什么时候用a, 什么时候用an? 以元音音标（或音素）开头的用an 以辅音音标（或音素）开头的用a 注意：我们看的是音标（或音素），而不是元音字母。 练一练：用a/an或不填 _____pen _____bag _____apple _____big apple ______banana ____ orange _____ oranges _____orange pen _____hour ______umbrella _____useful book 可数名词的变化规则： ① 一般词尾加s，如: book，bags, flowers ② 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es class-classes, box-boxes ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es, baby-babies, story-stories 以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接在词尾加s, boys/days/keys ④以f、fe结尾的名词变f、fe为ves, wolf-wolves, wife-wives, knife-knives ⑤以o结尾的单词，除了tomato/potato/mango/herO 外，其他的加s 英雄爱吃土豆西红柿炖芒果 zoo-zoos, photo-photos, kangaroo-kangaroos 4) 名词复数的不规则变化 man woman tooth foot mouse child men women teeth feet mice children 5) 单复数同形的名词： Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, 注意： ① fish当一条鱼讲时，单复数同形，如three fish ② 当各种各样的鱼讲时，即强调鱼的种类时，要 加es, 如all kinds of fishes各种各样的鱼 ③ 当鱼肉讲时不可数 不可数名词 如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量怎么办呢？ 量词+of+不可数名词 一杯水 a glass of water 一张纸 a piece of paper 一杯果汁 a bottle of juice 练一练：说出下列单词的复数形式 child mango watch hobby peach thief knife dress country holiday tooth children mangoes watches hobbies peaches thieves knives dresses countries holidays teeth 练一练：说出下列单词的复数形式 giraffe day brush sheep hero photo leaf foot zoo baby Chinese giraffes days brushes sheep heroes photos leaves feet zoos babies Chinese 练一练 1.The_____in our yard are very beautiful. A.cloth B. water C. flowers 2. There are three___and seven___in the picture. A. monkeys; sheep B. monkeys; sheep C. monkies; sheep 3. Would you give me____, please? A.two papers B. two piece of paper C. two pieces of paper 4. Ben saw forty____in a cave(山洞）. A.thiefs B. thieves C. thief 5. Would you like some_____? A.tea B. teas C. cup of tea 6. My____are white. A.sock B. sockes C. socks 7. Amy has____and____on Mondays. A.fish; rice B. fishes; rice C. a fish; rice 8. We have____and ____at noon. A.tomatoes; potatoes B. tomatoes; potatos C. tomatos; potatos 名词所有格 一、 -’s形式的所有格 1.大多数表示有生命的单数名词，在其后 加-s Mike’s brother my father’s car 2. 以-s结尾的表示有生命的复数名词，只 在s后加’ 我们老师的书 our teachers’ books 我父母的车 my parents’ car 3. 表示时间，距离，路程，国家等无生命的事 物的所有关系，也可以加-’’s，或’表示所有 关系 今天的报纸 today’s newspaper 北京的公园 Beijing’s Park 五个小时的路程 five hours’ walk 4. 有and连接的两个或两个以上的名词表 示共同拥有某物时，名词所有格只在最后 一个名词后加-s 这是凯特和吉姆的课桌。 This is Kate and Jim’s desk. 5. 由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词表 示分别拥有各自的物品时，则在每个名词 后面加-s 那些是汤姆和吉姆的课桌。 Those are Tom’s and Kate’s desks. 练一练 1. ____fathers can’t go to the class meeting because they are ill today. A.Jack and Mike’s B. Jack’s and Mike’s C. Jack and Mike D. Jack’s and Mike 2. Look at the man over there. He is____uncle. A.Jim’s and Tim’s B. Jim’s and Tim C. Jim and Tim D. Jim and Tim’s 二、of形式的所有格 1.没有生命的事物的名词一般用of短语来 表示所有关系。 教室的窗户 the window of the classroom 上海的天气 the weather of Shanghai 中国的首都 （capital） the capital of China 这房间的窗户很大。 The windows of the room are very big. 写一写 1. 汤姆的妈妈 2. 房子的门 3. 美国的地图 4. 孩子们的书包 5. 老师们的书 6. 钢笔的颜色 7. 我父母的卧室 8. 我的朋友的朋友 9. 苏阳和苏海的爸爸 10. 海伦的姐姐和南希 的姐姐 1. Tom’s mother 2. the door of the house 3. the map of America 4. children’s schoolbag 5. teachers’ books 6. the colour of the pen 7. my parents’ bedroom 8. my friend’s friend 9. Su hai and Su yang’s father 10. Helen’s and Nancy’s sisters there be句型 肯定句: There be+主语（某人/某物）+介词短语 表示（在）某地有某人/某物 这里be的单复数形式要采取“就近一致”原则 there 后面第一个主语，若是单数时，be就用 is/was,若是复数时be就用are/were 我们家有三口人。 There are three people in my family. 书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。 There is a pen and two books on the desk. ★There be的几种时态: 一般现在时: There is/are… 桌子上有一些苹果。 There are some apples on the table. 一般过去式： There was/were… 昨天操场上有一场篮球比赛。 There was a basketball match yesterday. ★There be的几种时态: 一般将来时 There is going to be… There are going to be… There will be… 这周末将有一个新的电影展。 There is going to be a new film show this weekend. There will be a new film show this weekend. 明天将会有两场足球比赛。 There are going to be two football matches tomorrow. There will be two football matches tomorrow. 二、否定式：There be+not+主语+介词短语 房间里没有一个男孩。 There isn’t a boy in the room. 书桌上没有一个男孩。 There aren’t any books on the desk. 注意：There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动 词的其他句型一样，在be后加not ★注意： not a/an/any + n. =no + n 墙上有一些图片。 There are some pictures on the wall. 否定句： There aren’t any pictures on the wall. 同义句？ There are no pictures on the wall. 树后有一个自行车。 There is a bike behind the tree. 否定句： There isn’t a bike behind the tree. 同义句？ There is no bike behind the tree. 三、疑问式：Be there+主语+介词短语？ 肯定回答是： Yes there be. 否定回答是： No, there+be与not的缩写形式。 如： 在你的卧室里有台灯吗？ Is there a lamp in your bedroom? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t. 客厅里有一些钟吗？ Are there any clocks in the living room? Yes, there are. No，there aren’t. 四、特殊疑问句：There be句型的特殊疑问句有以 下三种变化： 1. 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用Who+be+介词短 语？ 例： There was a little girl in the room. Who was in the room? There is a teacher in the office. Who is in the office? 2.当主语是物时，用What+be+介词短语？ 注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问 用What+be+介词短语? 例： There are many things over there. What’s over there? There is an egg in the bowl. What’s in the bowl? 3. 对地点状语提问： 提问地点用Where +be+ 主语？ There is a computer on the desk. Where is the computer. There were four children on the playground. Where were the four children? 3. 对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构： 1）对可数名词前面的数量提问用句型： How many+复数名词+are/were(there)+介词短语？ There are many children in the park. How many children are there in the park? There is a book in the bookcase. How many books are there in the bookcase? There are three glasses of water on the table. How many glasses of water are there on the table? 3. 对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构： 1）对不可数名词前面的数量提问用句型： How much+不可数名词+is(was) there+介词短语？ There was a little water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle? There was much juice in the glass. How much juice is there in the glass? 五、There be的其他用法 1. there be与have的替换。there be表示所属关系 时可与have替换。 There is a book in my bag. =I have a book in my bag. There are forty students in our class. =Our class has forty students. 五、There be的其他用法 1) there be句型与have的区别： 用法不同：there be表示某个时间或地方“存在”某 人或某物， 而have表示“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语的某人或某 物属主语所有。 五、There be的其他用法 2) there be与have的替换。there be表示所属关系 时可与have替换。 There is a book in my bag. =I have a book in my bag. There are forty students in our class. =Our class has forty students. 2. there be后接表示物的主语时，后面常接不定式 做定语，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。 表示有事情要做。 翻译：有许多工作要做。 There is a lot of work to do. 3. there be后接表示人活动的主语时，后面常接 ving形式作定语。表示有人在做某事 在操场上有一些孩子玩呢。 There are some children playing on the playground. 游泳池里有一些人在游泳。 There are some people swimming in the swimming pool. 练一练 There is some water in the bottle. （否定句） There isn’t any water in the bottle. There are some apples on the tree. (一般疑问句） There aren’t any apples on the tree. There is a flower in the vase. (划线部分提问） How many flowers are there in the vase? There is some milk in the fridge. (划线部分提问） How much milk is there in fridge? There are some erasers in the box. (划线部分提问） What’s in the box?