小升初专项复习
名词
名 词
指人或事物的名称的词.
名词
专有名词:特定的人,地点等.
例:New York, Yao Ming
普通名词
可数名词
不可数名词
能够以数计算的事物的名词
不能以数计算的事物的名词
单数名词
复数名词
?
例:液体,气体等。milk, water, air…
例:pen, student, flowers…
普通名词:指一般的人,事物等.
例:apple, pen, doctor
可数名词的单数变复数(规则变化)
1.直接在名词后加~s
例:cake---cakes, leg---legs
2. 以s, x ,sh, ch, 结尾的名词后加~ es
例: dress-dresses, dish-dishes, watch-watches,
box---boxes
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,把y改为i再加~es :
例:city---cities, family---families
可数名词的单数变复数(规则变化)
4. 以o结尾的名词,有生命的加~es ,无生命的加~s
例:tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes,
radio-radios, zoo-zoos, photo-photos
5.以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v再加~es
例:leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives
巧记以f或fe结尾的名称
树叶半数自己黄
妻子拿刀去割粮
架后窜出一只狼
就像盗贼逃命亡
leaf half self
wife knife
shelf wolf
thief life
可数名词的单数变复数(不规则变化)
1.单复数同形的名词:
中国人,日本人都非常喜欢绵羊,鱼和鹿.
Chinese Japanese
sheep fish deer
可数名词的单数变复数(不规则变化)
2.单复数不同形的名词:
foot—feet tooth—teeth goose—geese
man—men woman—women mouse-mice
child—children ox—oxen
3. 只有复数形式的名词
如:trousers, clothes, glasses
4. 一些集体名词总是用作复数
如:people, police(警察部门), cattle(牛), staff(全体职
员)
5. 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复
数(成员)
如:audience(观众), class(班级), family(家庭)
复合名词的复数形式
1. 在词末加-(e)s
如:afternoons, housewives
2. 把主体名词变成复数形式
如:lookers-on(旁观者), passers-by(过路人)
3. 由man或woman作为第一部分的复合名词,两个组
成 部分皆变为复数形式
如:man driver-men drivers,
woman doctor-women doctors,
woman teacher-women teachers
名词单数变复数的发音规则
情况 构成方法 读音规则 例词
一般情况 词尾加-s
(1)清辅音后读/s/ maps , books ,
boats
(2)在浊辅音和元音后读/z/
verbs , birds ,bags ,
kings , hills ,
names , pens ,
cars , trees
以-s , -x,
-sh , -ch , 结
尾的名词
词尾加-es 读/iz/ buses , watches ,
wishes , boxes
以-o结尾的
名词 词尾加-s或-es 读/z/ radios , heroes ,
potatoes
以辅音字母
+y结尾
的名词
变y为i加-es 读/iz/ cities , babies
以f或fe结尾
的名词
变f或fe为v,再
加es 读/vz/ knives , leaves
写出下列各词的复数形式:
1.tomato 2.city 3.boy 4.radio 5.leaf
6.fly 7.photo 8.mouse 9.box 10.wife
11.Sunday 12.class 13.Chinese 14.zoo 15.exam
16.German 17.sheep 18.fish 19.beach 20.wish
21.glass 22.student 23.deer 24.baby 25.potato
1.tomatoes 2.cities 3.boys 4.radios 5.leaves
6.flies 7.photos 8.mice 9.boxes 10.wives
11.Sundays 12.classes 13.Chinese 14.zoos 15.exams
16.Germans 17.sheep 18.fish 19.beaches 20.wishes
21.glasses 22.students 23.deer 24.babies 25.potatoes
用所给名词的适当形式填空:
1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
5. There are five________(people ) in his family.
6. Let's take________(photo), OK?
7. I have lots of___________(tomato) here.
8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn yellow.
9. The_________(child) are playing games on the playground now.
10. Their_____________(dictionary) look new.
11. They are________(woman) doctors.
12. Can you give me some bottles of ________ (orange), please?
13. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
14. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.
sheep
food
teeth
water
people
photos
tomatoes
leaves
children
dictionaries
women
orange
foxes
juice
名词中表示所有关系的形式
所有格的构成方式
• 1. 由名词加’s构成,通常用来表示有生命的东西
• 2. 由 of加名词构成,通常用来表示没有生命的东西
’s所有格
1.名词的单数所有格是直接在名词后面加 ’s,读法和
名词复数发音规则一样。
如: Mary’s letter , the girl’s story ,
Miss Liu’s students
2. 复数名词所有格的变化形式
(1)如果是以-s结尾,它的所有格是在名词后加“’” 。
如:the twins’ bedroom the students’ books
(2)如果名词的复数形式不是以-s结尾,它的所有格是
直接加’s。
如:a children’s book(儿童读物)
the men’s shoes
3. 如果两个人共同拥有一样物品时,只在后面一个名词后加’s。
如:Lucy and Lily’s book
4.如果一样的物品不是两个人共同拥有而是各自都有时,它的
所有格是在两个名词后都加上’s。
如: Lucy’s and Lily’s books
’s所有格
由of+名词构成的所有格
由of+名词构成的所有格通常用来表示无生命的东西的所有关系。
如:the four legs of a desk 桌子的四条腿
a map of China 一张中国地图
the capital of America 美国首都
the windows of the house 房间的窗户
有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命
的东西的名词,也可以加’s来构成所有格。
Beijing’s street 北京的街道
today’s newspaper 今天的报纸
ten minutes’ walk 十分钟的路程
注意
名词所有格练习
一 把下列短语译为英语
1.教室的窗户 2.男孩的书包 3.桌子的四条腿
4.学校的大门 5.老师们的办公室 6.男人们的衣服
7.Linda的课本 8.Peter和Bill的爸爸 9.奶奶的眼镜
1.the windows of the classroom
2.the boy’s bag
3.four legs of the table
4.the gate of the school
5. teachers’ office
6. men’s clothes
7. Linda’s book
8. Peter and Bill’s dad
9. grandma’s glasses
二 把下列短语译为汉语
Lucy’s and Lily’s mothers
teachers of our school
Mark’s room
Children’s Day
the window of the bedroom
Tom and Jim’s room
ten days’ holiday
the door of the classroom
Teachers’ Day
Lucy 和Lily各自的妈妈
我们学校的老师们
Mark的房间
儿童节
卧室的窗户
Tom 和Jim共有的房间
十天的假期
教室的门
教师节
Exercises 1
用所给名词的适当形式填空:
1. Are there any________(peach) on the table?
2. They are some young_________(woman).
3. The_________(children) is playing in the garden.
4. Some________(goose) are swimming in the river.
5. Would you like some________(fish)?
6. How many________(radio) can you see on the bookcase?
7. Are there any_______(boy) in the library?
8. One policeman caught three_______(thief) yesterday.
peaches
women
child
geese
fish
radios
boys
thieves
Exercises 2
请用is/are填空.
1.There______some water in the bottle.
2.There______an orange on the table.
3.There______many fish in the pool.
4.There______some leaves on the ground.
is
is
are
are
Exercises 3
请用How much/How many填空.
1________ juice do you want?
2________ bottles of juice do you want?
3________ people are there in your family?
4________ pencils do you have?
5________ meat is there in the fridge?
How much
How many
How many
How many
How much
根据汉语提示完成 句子。
1. __________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.
2. This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)
3. __________________________________(Lucy 和Lily的卧室) are very nice.
4. ______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.
5.They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师).
6. ___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th .
7. ___________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new.
8. We are very happy on _________________________(儿童节).
9. He is in _________________________________(老师的办公室) now.
10. Please open ______________________________________(教室的门).
11. ____________________________(赵敏的鞋) are white.
12. _________________________________(Mary和Sarah的学校) is big and new.
13. ________________________________(John和Sally的母亲) are American.
14. ______________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken.
15. It’s _____________________________(妇女节) on March 8th.
16. Are these ________________________________________(男生们的书包) ?
17. That is _______________________________________(Tom和李雷的教室).
Exercises 4
Li Ming’s parents
My sister’s Chinese book
Lucy’s and Lily’s bedrooms
Wang Ping and Wang Ming’s dad
Peter’s and Sam’s teachers
Teachers’ Day
Students’ desks and chairs
Children’s Day
teachers’ office
the door of the classroom
Zhao Min’s shoes
Mary and Sarah’s school
John’s and Sally’s mothers
Tony’s brother’s computer
Women’s Day
boys’ bags
Tom and Li Lei’s classroom
可数所有格
定义:名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词的所有
格,意为“…的”
① ’s或者s’ 形式的所有格表示有生命的东西
② “of+名词” 的所有格表示无生命的东西
① ’s或者s’ 形式
p一般在名词词尾加’s
women’s shoes 女鞋
p以s或者es结尾的复数名词后只加’
teachers’ day 教师节
p复数名词后没有s,也要在词尾加s’
the children’s pencil 孩子们的铅笔
p表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人名字后加’s;如果表
示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加’s
John’s and Mary’s room (两人各有一间)
John and Mary’s room(两人共有一间)
p表示店铺、教堂等或某人的家时,所有格-s’后面通常不出现它修
饰的名词 at Jack’s (home) 在杰克的家
① “of+名词”的所有格形式
① “of+名词”的所有格形式被用来表示无生命所构成的所属关系
u a map of China 中国地图
u the building of the school 学校的大楼
u the walls of the city 城墙
u the top of the hill
u the center of the square 广场
Homework
1. 复习并背诵名词单数变复数的规则.
2. 写出20个不可数名词(1+1)
3. 写出30个可数名词,并写出其复数形式(1+1)
It’s over.
Thank you!