小升初英语语法专项复习动词和时态完美

动词 • be动词（am， is，are） • 情态动词 • 助动词 • 行为动词 be 动词 • be动词：am，is，are • be动词的否定形式：am not（没有缩略形式） are not=aren’t ，is not=isn’t • be动词的过去式：am，is的过去式was；are 的过去式were • 主语第一人称+am • 主语第二人称+are • 主语第三人称单数+is；复数+are 情态动词 • 情态动词本身有一定的词义，但它必须和实义 动词原形一起构成句子谓语。情态动词有： can，must，could，would，may，shall， should • 其否定形式为：cannot=can’t，must not=mustn’t，could not=couldn’t ；would not=wouldn’t ；may not（无缩写形式）， should not=shouldn’t • 注意，情态动词后应用动词原形。 助动词 • do，does用于一般现在时，其过去式did用于一般 过去时。它们通常用在疑问句、否定句中。它们 的否定形式分别为：do not=don’t，does not=doesn’t ；did not=didn’t • 注意： • （1）在一般现在时中，does用于第三人称单数， 其余一律用助动词do。 • （2）助动词do，does，did后用动词原形。 行为动词 • 行为动词又称实义动词，表示动作和状态，能独立作谓语。 • 目前，我们学过的动词形式有：动词原形、动词的现在分词、动 词的过去式三种。 用适当的助动词填空 1、 you like this magazine？ 2、-What she at the weekends？ -She usually plays games with her friends. 3、What you do last Sunday？ -I wrote to my friend. 4、-Did you see a film called The Green Hornet ？ -No，I . 5、 Jim have a party every Sunday？ Do does do did didn’t Does 用be动词的适当形式填空 1、You my good friend. 2、Jim and I in the same team. 3、Where his football？ 4、I a student one year ago，but now I a teacher. are are is was am 动词和时态 动 词 知识梳理 一、动词的概念与分类 　　动词是句子中表示动作或者状态的词。根据动词的词义和在句中的作用，可以 将动词划分为如下几类： 二、动词的基本形式 　　1. 情态动词:没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。 　　如： I can play basketball well. Mike can speak Chinese. 　　2. be动词:根据人称和时态的不同，呈现不同形式。 如：现在时： I am very happy today. Mike is an American boy. They are playing in the snow. 过去时： He was in Grade 3 last year. We were at home yesterday. 将来时： There will be a match between Class 1and Class 2 tomorrow. 3. 助动词:不能单独在句中使用，在句中的作用是帮助构成否定、疑问等句 式。 　　如： We do not (don't) have classes on Saturdays. My father does not (doesn't) work in the hospital. Did you go swimming last weekend? 4. 实义动词:小学阶段所学的实义动词有四种形式，即动词原形、第三人称 单数形式、现在分词形式(动词的ing形式)和过去式形式。 如: (1)动词第三人称单数形式的构成 　　①一般情况下，在动词词尾加s。如：work—works，look—looks，want— wants　　 　　②以ch, sh, s, x, o结尾的动词，在词尾加es。 　　如：teach—teaches，wash—washes，dress(装扮)—dresses，fix(安装)—fixes， go—goes　　 　　③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i，再加es。如：fly—flies，cry—cries 　　【注】play—plays, buy—buys 　　④不规则变化。如：have—has，be—is (2)动词现在分词形式的构成 　　①一般情况下，在动词词尾加ing。如：go—going，play—playing 　　②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加ing。如：write—writing，come— coming 　　③以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写最后这个辅 音字母再加ing。 　　如：run—running，swim—swimming，shop— shopping 　　④以ie结尾的动词，将ie改为y，再加ing。如： die—dying，lie—lying (3)动词过去式的构成 　　①一般情况下，在动词词尾加ed。如：work—worked，play—played等 ②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，在词尾加d。如：close—closed，arrive— arrived ③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i，再加ed。如：cry—cried，study— studied ④以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写最后这个辅 音字母再加ed。 　　如：stop—stopped，drop—dropped ⑤动词的不规则变化(见下表) 考点精析 考点1 考查动词的变化形式 【例1】根据句意和单词首字母提示填写动词，并注意其动词的形式。 1.Can you s English songs? 　　 2.She usually g to school at 7:00. 3.Look!Amy is w TV. 4.I c my room last night. 解析:本题考查动词基本形式的写法和用法。在做此题时，不仅要考虑主语的人称， 还要注意句子的时态，这样才能根据句意和首字母提示填写出动词的正确形式。第1小 题应填写动词原形sing，因为情态动词can后要加动词原形。第2小题的主语是第三人称， 句子又是陈述习惯性的动作。谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式goes。第3小题中的look 一词提示了本题要用现在进行时，所以要用现在分词watching。第4题由last night 这一时 间状语可知本题要用一般过去时，所以谓语动词应填过去式cleaned。 答案： 1. sing 2. goes 3. watching 4. cleaned 举一反三 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.The cat _______ (run) around the tree. 2.They are ________(clean) their classroom. 3.I _____(have) a cold last week. 4.Don't _____ (talk) loudly in the library. 5.My mother ______(make) a big cake last month. 6.What ______(do) she do last night? 7.My aunt often _______ (go) shopping on Sundays. 8.Sarah ________(buy) a red bag yesterday. runs cleaning had talk made did goes bought 考点2 考查助动词、be动词的使用 【例2】 选择适当的助动词填空。 　　1. He 　　　　　　 not do homework on Friday evening. 2.　　　　　　 you have crayons? 3. Tom 　　　　　　 not read English this morning. 解析: 本题考查学生对助动词 do的三种形式的正确运用。第1小题中on Friday evening 是常态，用一般现在时，而主语he 是三单形式，所以用一般现在时的三单 形式 does; 第2小题 you 是非三单形式，用do；第3小题中this morning 表示过去的时 间，且过去式不受人称影响，故用did。 　　答案：1. does 2. Do 3. did 举一反三 1. 用be动词的适当形式填空。 (1) I _____ in Grade Six this year. Last year， I 　 _____ in Grade Five. (2) There _____ many tall buildings here now. Twenty years ago， there _______ some small houses. (3) Mike and Jack ______ twin brothers. They look the same. (4) I want to _____ a teacher in the future. 2. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 (1) _______(will) you like some tea？ (2) _______ (do) he watch TV last night？ am was are were are be Would Did 考点3 考查情态动词的使用 【例3】单项填空。 ( )He _______ read the book now. A.is can B.cans C. can 　　解析:本题考查情态动词的正确使用。情态动词can的用法很容易混淆。can和be 动词或其他的助动词不能同时出现在句中；can不受人称的影响，故不存在cans的形 式；在本题中还要分析清楚，now不表示现在进行时。 答案：C 举一反三 1. 选词填空。 (1)_________ I use your pen？ (2)What _________ I do then？ (3)You _________ be a middle school student. (4)We _________ do something for Grandpa Li. (5) _________ we go now？ Shall　 May/Can should must can 2. 按要求完成下列各题。 (1) I can speak Chinese and English well. (改成否定句) ______________________________________ (2) 当你想提醒朋友，让他周末要帮助妈妈做家务时，你可以说： ______________________________________ ______________________________________ (3) 你想告诉想要闯红灯的人，红灯必须停，你应该说： ______________________________________ You must stop at a red light. I can't speak Chinese or English well.　 You should do some housework for your mother on weekends. 考点4 考查动词的综合运用 【例4】用read的适当形式填空。 　　1. You can 　　　　　　(read) the book in the library. 2. She　　　　　　 (read) a book now. 3. Can I 　　　　　　(read) this book now? 4. My father 　　　　　　(read) newspapers every morning. 5. —Did you 　　　　　　（read）the comic book? —Yes, I 　　　　　　（read）it yesterday. 解析:本题围绕一个词read 展开，考查了不同时态、不同人称情况下，实义动词 的用法。第1小题中can+原形动词；第2小题now表示的是现在，体现现在进行时， she 是三单形式，故而 be+动词的ing形式是本小题需要的答案；第3小题不管后面出 现什么，can+原形动词；第4小题every morning 体现一般现在时，而my father是第三 人称，故而动词要用三单形式；第5小题did 之后加动词原形，答句中用过去式形式, read 的过去式和原形同形。 答案:1. read 2. is reading 3. read 4. reads 5. read; read 举一反三 1. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 (1) We _______(like) music. Now we __________ (sing). (2) Let's _______(go) to the cinema. (3) He ______(is) ill yesterday. (4) Can you _______clean) the table now？ (5) Do you _______ (go) to the park on Saturdays？ like are singing go was clean go 2. 单项填空。 ( ) (1) What did he ____ yesterday? A.do B.does C.did ( ) (2) He is ____ with his friend. A.talked B.talking C.talks A B ( ) (3) —How is he feeling?—He ____ better. A.feels B.is feel C.is feeling ( ) (4) —What are you doing?—I'm ____ dinner. A.cook B.cooks C.cooking ( ) (5) Don't ____ TV. A.watch B.watching C.watches A C A 过关检测 一、按要求改写下列单词。 1.have（第三人称单数形式）_______ 2.do（现在分词）_______ 3.slept（动词原形）_______ 4.take（动词过去式）_______ has doing sleep took 5.come（反义词）_______ 6.wash（第三人称单数形式）_______ 7.driver（动词形式） _______ 8.write（动词过去式）_______ 9.sit（动词过去式）_______ 10.told（动词原形）_______ go washes drive wrote sat tell 二、选词填空，将下列短文补充完整。 My name is Sarah.I 1.______an American girl but I 2._______ in Guangzhou with my parents now. My father is a teacher.He 3._________English.He likes 4.________ pictures. Usually myfather 5._______ to work by car,but yesterday he 6. _______ by bus.My mother is a nurse.She 7._______ in a big hospital. She often 8._______ to work.She 9._______ playing baseball very much.We often 10._______ it together. am live teaches drawing goes went works walks likes play 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. _____(be) these your shoes? 2. I can _____(play) football every day. 3. I want to _____(buy) some flowers for my mother. 4. Listen!Who is _______(sing) over there? 5. He _____(do) morning exercises every morning. 6. _____ your mother _____(wash) the clothes every day? 7. He ______________(not teach) English in our school. 8. He _____(leave) his homework at home this morning. Are play buy singing does washDoes doesn't teach left 9. Where _____(be) the twins last night? 10. Can I ______(watch) TV now? 11. My father likes _________(collect) stamps. 12. Joe's aunt ________(work) in a factory last year. 13. We should ______(help) each other. 14. The sun ______(rise) in the east. 15. No _______(smoke)! 16. ______(have) this orange, please. 17. She ______(stay) at home today. 18. Jack is good at ________(run), and he is ________(run) on the playground now. were watch collecting worked help rises smoking Have stays running running 四、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Last term we _____(have) eight subjects. We all _______(study) very hard. 2. They _________________(go) to the park next Friday. 3. It's 10:00 in the morning. The pupils ___________(have) lessons in the classrooms now. had studied will go / are going are having 4. My mother ______(go) shopping in the morning and ______(take) exercise in the afternoon every day. 5. It ______(be) always rainy and foggy last weekend, but this week it _____(be) much _______(good). 6. My brother and my sister ________(be not) in China last year. They _______(go) to England to _______(study) English. goes takes was is better weren't went study 7. —Listen! Who ___________(sing)? —Oh, this is Miss Green. She always _______(sing) and ________(dance) in the music room after school. Next Monday she ___________________ (sing) for us in class. 8. —______ your friends ______(come) to your birthday party yesterday? —Yes, and they _______(give) me a lot of birthday presents. is singing sings dances will/is going to sing Did come gave 五、单项填空。 ( )1. —Can I ____ your bike? —Sure. A. ride B. riding C. to ride ( )2. My father ____ a new car. He ____ it very much. A. have; like B. has; likes C. has; like A B ( )3. ____ he often ____ his homework at school? A. Does; do B. Does; does C. Do; does ( )4. —What is she doing? —She ____. A. sings B. will dance C. is tidying her room ( )5. I want to go ____. A. swim B. to swimming C. swimming A C C ( )6. The sun ____ down in the west. A. go B. is going to C. goes ( )7. Mary often helps her mum ____ the dishes. A. does B. do C. doing ( )8. I enjoy ____ to music. A. listen B. listening C. listened C B B ( )9. Father ____ on his coat and went out. A. puts B. put C. putting ( )10. I ____ to the teacher, but I didn't ____ him. A. listen; heard B. listened; heard C. listened; hear ( )11. He ____ after he finishes his homework. A. plays B. is going to play C. played B C B ( )12. What ____ you ____ last weekend? A. will; do B. does; do C. did; do ( )13. Tony ____ to school by bike last year. A. goes B. went C. will go ( )14. Mr Smith ____ to see you in an hour. A. came B. comes C. will come C B C ( )15. How soon ____ they ____ back from work? A. do; come B. did; come C. will; come ( )16. We ____ TV at home this time yesterday afternoon. A. were watching B. watch C. would watch ( )17. —Where ____ you this morning? —I ____ at a meeting. A. were; was B. are; am C. do; am C A A ( )18. My friend Peter ____ very well. A. swim B. running C. sings ( )19. Li Lei ____ like fish, but his sister ____. A. don't; do B. doesn't; does C. isn't; is ( )20. Don't ____ in class. Let's ____ to the teacher. A. talking; listening B. talks; listens C. talk; listen C B C 六、按要求完成下列句子。 1.Jenny will be a doctor in the future.（改为一般疑问句） ___________________________________________ 2.He did his homework last night.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） —_________________________________________ —_________________________________________ Will Jenny be a doctor in the future? Did he do his homework last night? Yes,he did. 3.He is _______________.（就画线部分提问） ____________________________________________ 4.Sarah can swim.（改为否定句） ____________________________________________ 5.My friend and I are going to play baseball next week.（用last week 改写） _____________________________________________ What is he doing? listening to music Sarah can't swim. My friend and I played baseball last week.