规则变化:
1.一般情况词尾直接+s
2.以s、x、sh、ch结尾,+es
3.以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+es
4.以o结尾,有5个常用词+es,其他+s
5.以f、fe结尾,变f、fe为v+es
名
词
单数变复数
不规则变化:
1.a变e,oo变ee,
2.单复数同形
3.末尾+ren/en
4.字母不规则改变:mouse~mice
帽子
名词的帽子
何为冠词?
冠词的“冠”字,就是“帽子”的意思,
谁的帽子呢,名词的帽子,因为冠词总是位于名词的前面,就像一个帽子一
样总是戴在名词的前面,因此把它形象地叫做名词的“冠”词。
冠词中的三兄弟
a
an
the
冠
词
不定冠词
定冠词
a/ an
泛指单一,每一,任一事物
指类别(强调个体)
the
特指
指类别(强调整体)
1.上文提到过的人或事物
2.被限制性修饰语所限度的
人或事物
3.说话双方默认的人或事物
4.世上独一无二的事物
用法:
1)表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个,经常是第一次提到某人或某物。
如:He has a friend.
I have an elephant.
2)表示“一”这个数量,但没有one强烈。
如:She has a small nose. 她有一个小鼻子。
3)放在时间速度价格等前,表示“每一”的意思,相当于every .
如:we often go to school two times a day.
4)用于说明身份和职业
如:I am a teacher.
不定代词a和an
5)在感叹句中用于单数名词前
What a funny boy. 多么有意思的一个男孩。
6)常考短语(必背)
a little(不可数) /a few(可数) 一点
a type of 一种类型 a lot of 很多 a pair of 一双
in a hurry 急忙 in a minute 一会,马上
in a word 总而言之
have a try 尝试 have a look 看一看
have a good time 玩得愉快
have a rest 休息一下
have a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧
.不定冠词的用法
口诀:
不定冠词两变体,用a或an都表“一”;
可数名词首次提,何人何物不具体;
某类人、物任一个,有时还要表“每一”。
选用方法:a or an?
口诀:
用 a 用an 这样分,不看字母看读音
不见“原因(元音)”别施“恩n”
以元音音素素开头的字母用an
以辅音音素的用a
如:an apple ['æpl]
a boy [bɔɪ]
考什么??
难点1:特殊以元音字母开头确不能用an的单词
useful [‘jusfəl]有用的, university [,junə’vɝsətɪ]大学
usual [‘juʒuəl]通常的, European [,ju r ’pi: n]欧洲的
one- eyed [wʌn] one-way
单词的拼写以元音字母开头,其读音是以辅音开头。
In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along
a one- way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing.
(在一所大学里,有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具
沿着一条单行道行走,这是件平常的事。)
考点:小升初真题
1) There’s “h” in the word “hour”.
A. a B. the C. an D./
2) He is living European country。
A. a B. the C. an D./
3) A little girl worte “U”and “N”on the blackboard.
A.a,an B. the,an C. an,a, D.an,a
难点2 :
当表示一人兼多种身份的情况,只在第一个名词前加冠词
A doctor and writer sits at the table.
当两个名词表示两个不同的人或事物,二者前均需加冠词
A doctor and a writer sit at the table.
Take the medicine. 把药吃了
He has a girlfriend, the girlfriend is his neighbor.
the sun, the sky, the earth, the world, the moon
The fox is running.
The定冠词
1)指双方都知道的人或事物。
2)指上文提到过的人或物。
3)用在世上独一无二的事物名词前。
4)与单数名词前连用表示某人或某物。
如:the old, the poor, the blind, etc.
The old need(复数) love.
The poor are poor.
如:He is the first one to help me
This is the biggest city in the world.
如:on the right 在 右边
on the left 在左边
in the middle of 在中间
I live in the north.(south.west,east)
I like the same color
定冠词The
5)用在少数形容词前表示一类人或事物。
6)用在序数词和形容词最高级前 。
7)在方位及only,same词前用the
定冠词The
如:the People’s Republic of China,
The Great Wall
如: the piano , erhu
如:the Greens, the Blacks
如:the Himalaya Mountains, the Yellow River,
the Red Sea, the Taiwan Island
8)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
9)在表示乐器前(西洋)
10)用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“某某一家”/“某某夫妇”
11)用在山脉、江河、海洋、岛等名词前。
12)用在某些习惯用语中。
如:in the morning, 在早上
by the way, 顺便
必 背
.定冠词的基本用法
定冠词用法有规律,防止遗忘很容易。
特指双方都熟悉, 上文已经被提及。
世上无二仅独一, 序数词和最高级。
山河海岛建筑物, 姓氏复数奏乐器。
少数形表人一类, 方位名词须牢记。
普构专有惯用词, 试用此诀有效率。
“0”冠词
.零冠词的基本用法
歌曰:下列情况不用冠,代词限定名词前;
专有名词不可数,球类学科与三餐;
复数名词表泛指,节日月份星期前;
颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
1)专有名词(国民,地名,人名)、物质名词和抽象名词等不可数名词前。
如:China,water,music, etc.
2)名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词或不定代词等限定词。
(this,that,his,her,my,someone)
如:The letter is in her bag.
I have some questions.
3)复数名词表示泛指。
如:books are useful.
4)球类活动、学科名词、一日三餐前。
如:We have English and math every day.
零冠词(不用冠词)
5)节日、星期、月份、季节名称前。
如:June 1 is Children’s Day.
6)表示颜色、语言、称呼语和官职、头衔的名词前。
如:I like red. I can speak english .
Headmaster Li comes to Class.
7)某些固定词组或习惯用语中。
如:at night, go to school, by bus,
at home on foot at first at last at once etc.
零冠词(不用冠词)
定冠不定冠 意思差千万
有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词,其意义有所不同。如:1)at table在吃饭; at
the table在桌子旁
2)in class在上课; in the class在班级中
3)go to school去上学; go to the school到那所学校去
4)go to bed上床睡觉; go to the bed到床那边去
5)in front of在…的前面 ; in the front of在…的前部.
• (2008年)_____ youngest leader in China is man
called Lu Hao.
• A.The;a B.A;the
• C.A;a D.An;all
A
1. He is ______ strongest pupil in our class.
A. a B. an C. the
2. He’ll come back in ____ hour.
A. a B. an C. the
3. She has __ egg and some milk every morning.
A. a B. an C. the
4. Alice likes to go ___ shopping with her friends.
A. / B. a C. the
5. Tom is playing ___ football, and Lily is playing
_____ piano.
A. /, / B. the, / C. /, the
6. ___ sun is bigger than ____ moon.
A. The, the B. /, / C. The, /
Try out
7 _____ elephant is ______ useful animal .
A An an B An a C The an
8 His aunt will be back in _______ hour .
A a B an C the
9 I have ____ important meeting to attend .
A a B an C the
10 She is too tired ,so she wants to have____ rest . A a B an C the
11 Foshan is a beautiful city .I’ll come here ___
second time .
A a B the C an
B
B
B
A
A
1 Mr. Wang bought ______ house .______ house is not far from the lake .
A a An B the The C a The
2 Would you please pass me ________
sugar on the table ?
A a B the C an
3 ____earth we live on is bigger than _____ moon.
A The, a B The , the C A , the
4 _____ Blacks are going to the park this Sunday .Why don’t we go for _______
walk ?
A A , a B The , a C The, the
C
B
B
B
1. ____ useful book 2. _____ Beijing
3. _____ Class 12 Grade 3
4. have ____ lunch 5. have ____ big lunch
6. in ____ morning 7. in ____ cold morning
8. ______ Mr Li 9. _____ university
10. ______ umbrella 11. _____ hour
12. _____ engineer 13. ____ forth street
14. _____ day before yesterday
15. play _____ chess play _____ golf
16. _____ few _____ little
17. by _____ time go to ______ cinema
18. at ____ breakfast at ______home
a /
/
/ a
the a
/ a
an an
an the
the
/ /
a a
the the
/ /
Homework today
1. 背默不定冠词,定冠词与零冠词的口
诀
Thank you