中考英语语法动词总复习完美

一.动词的分类 三.动词的语态 二.动词的时态 四.非谓语动词 动词分类 概念 能独立作谓语的动词 本身有意义，但不能独立作 谓语，必须和表语一起构成 谓语。 本身无意义或意义不完整， 不能单独作谓语。 有一定词义，本身不表示动 作和状态，而仅仅表达说话 人的态度。 实义动词 系动词 助动词 情态动词 （一）实义动词 1._________ 本身意义不完整，需 要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 I like the book. 2. ___________自身意思完整，无 需接宾语。 Birds can fly. 及物动词 不及物动词 词义辨析 1) _________________ 表“习惯做某事”； ______________表“过去常常做某事” ______________表“被用来做什么” be (get) used to doing used to do be used to do ①Pens ___________ write. ②I ____________getting up early. ③I ____________get up early. are used to am used to used to 词义辨析 2) _________ +“大地点”； _________+“小地点” _________+“地点名词” _________是及物动词，+“地点名词” arrive in arrive at get to reach 词义辨析 3) _________ 表“借入”； _________表“借出” _________表“长时间的借” borrow lend keep 词义辨析 4) _________ 表“给某人穿衣服”； _________表“穿上”，强调动作； _________表“穿着，戴着”， 强调状态。 dress sb. put on wear 词义辨析 5) _________ “看见”，表结果； _________ “看”，表动作，不及物； _________ “看(比赛，电视)” _________ “看(书、报)”，表阅读 see look (at) watch read 词义辨析 6) ______ “带来，拿来” ； ______ “拿去，带走； ______ “扛，搬” ，用力移动，无方向 __________ “去取，去拿”， 表往返拿物 bring take carry fetch, get 词义辨析 7) ______ “死” ，不及物动词； ______ “死的”， 形容词，表状态； ______ “死” ，名词 ______ “垂死的”，形容词 die dead death dying 词义辨析 8) ______ “说（语言）” ，“发言”； ______ “说（内容）”， 及物； ______________ “谈论某事” ； ______________ “谈论某人” ______ “告诉” speak say talk about sth. talk to (with) sb. tell 词义辨析 9) ______ “花钱（时间）” ，人做主语； ______ “花钱”， 人做主语； ______ “花钱” ，物做主语 ______ “花时间”，物做主语 spend pay cost take 词义辨析 10) ________ “寻找” ，强调过程； ________ “找到”， 强调结果； ________ “找出，查明（起因）” ________ “听”，强调过程 ________“听到”，强调结果 look for find find out listen (to) hear 词义辨析 11) ______ the game “赢” ______ the game “输”， _____________ sb. “打败（某人）” ______ in the game “失败” win lose beat (defeat) fail 词义辨析 12) _________ 表“丢失，失去”； _________表“忘记”； _________表“把某物落在某处”。 lose forget leave 词义辨析 13) ____________ 表“想到…”； ____________表“考虑”； ____________表“仔细考虑”。 think of think about think over 词义辨析 14) ______________ 表“加入”； ______________表“参加（活动）”； ______________表“出席（会议）”。 join (the party) take part in attend (a meeting) 词义辨析 15) ____________red ____________dark ____________cold ____________short / long turn get / grow get / become get （二）系动词 1.表“状态”： look, seem, taste, smell, feel, sound, be, keep, stay 2. 表“变化”: turn, get, grow, fall, become, come, go Choose the best answer 1. The water _____ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels Choose the best answer 2. He shook his head ______ and looked ____ when he was told the bad news. A. sadly; sadly B. sad; sad C. sadly; sad D. sad; sadly Choose the best answer 3. I love to go to the forest in summer. It ____ good to walk in the forest or sit in the shade of trees. A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes 4. ----I was wondering if we could go skating on the weekend. ----_____ good. A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds 状态变化系动词 系动词 用法 习惯搭配 朝坏的方面变化 wrong, bad, mad, hungry, blind etc. 表颜色等 red, green 表成长中的变化 strong, tall 由动态到静态转变 ill, sick, asleep 转向好的状态 true, alive 常用来指人或物的 状态的变化 become 接名词 时,名词前接冠词 go come turn grow fall get become Choose the best answer 1. The discussion_____ alive when an interesting topic was brought in. A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came 2. The traffic lights_____ green and I pulled away. A. came B. grew C. got D. turned 3. --- Is your headache getting _____? --- No, it’s worse. A. better B. bad C. less D. well 4. -----Would you advise me on how to stay_____? -----Try to live regularly, eat more vegetables and be in a good state of mind. A. health B. healthy C. healthily D. more healthily 5. The dog looked______. The boy looked ____at the poor dog. A. dead; sad B. dying; sadly C. deadly; sadly D. dying; sad 6. The cloth that she bought looks ____, feels _____ and sells_____. A. beautiful; soft; well B. beauty; softly; well C. beautifully; softly; good D. beautiful; soft; good （三）情态动词 一. can , could, be able to I. can 1）表“能力” He can speak five languages. 2）表“许可”=may Can (May) I come in ? 3) 表“可能性” Can it be true? 4) be able to与can 的比较 A) 表示能力时可通用 No one can / is able to do it. B) be able to可用于任何时态。 I’m sorry I haven’t been able to answer your letter. C) 表经努力办到某事，用be able to 。 After years of hard work he was able to win the prize. 一. can , could, be able to 2. could 1) could 是can的过去时，可用来较委 婉，客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 Could you come a little earlier? 2) can 和could 表示某人或某物一时 的特点，译为“有可能，有时会”。 He can be very friendly. He could be very proud. 二. may, might 1）表许可，译为“可以”（正式场合） You may take the book home. 2) 表示推测，“或许，可能” 。 It may rain tomorrow. 3) 表示祝愿 May you succeed! 4) might: may 的过去式，但might表可 能性较小，或表更婉转语气。 Jim may (might) lend you money. Might I ask a question? 三. must, have to, need 1. must 的用法： 1） “必须” ，否定表禁止。回答其 问句用needn’t或don’t have to。 I must leave at 9. --- Must we hand it in today? --- Yes, you must. No, you needn’t / don’t have to. 三. must, have to, need 1. must 的用法： 2) must 还可表示一种推断和揣测。 must +do对现在事实的猜测;must +have done 对过去事实的猜测. You must be joking. I can’t find my key. I must have left it in the bus. 三. must, have to, need 2. must与 have to的比较： A) have to--客观情况；must--主观看法。 I must learn another foreign language. You have to learn another foreign language if you want to work here. B) have to用于不同时态，must不行. We will have to buy another TV set. 三. must, have to, need 3. need 的用法： 1）作情态动词用时，用于疑问或否 定句。回答need问句时，肯定用 must,否定用needn’t / don’t have to. You need not do anything here. -- Need I go so soon? -- Yes, you must. No, you needn’t. / don’t have to. 三. must, have to, need 3. need 的用法： 2)need用做行为动词时的用法： I need to buy a new dictionary. My bike needs repairing / needs to be repaired . 四. will 和 would 的用法： 1. 表示“意愿” She won’t lend me the money. 2. 表“邀请”或“请求” Will you give me a piece of paper? 3. would比will语气更温婉。 Would like something to eat? 五. shall, should的用法 A) shall的用法 用于第一人称， 表示征求意见。 Shall I turn on the light? B) should的用法 1. 表示劝告，建议。 You should study the article carefully. 2. 表示推测，译为 “可能，应该，该”。 • He should arrive at noon. 种类 构成 功能 例句 动词不 定式 动名词 分词 to do doing doing done 名词 形容词 副词 名词 形容词 副词 To see is to believe. He likes to play. He asked me to go. I have a lot to do. I’m here to meet you. Seeing is believing. I like playing. an interesting book a broken cup They came in, singing. Seeing from the hill, our school looks nice. 1. 通常加不定式作宾语 want to go 2. “磕破头死了也要爱父母啊” keep, practice, suggest, enjoy, finish, mind, avoid + doing 3. + to do (doing) remember, forget, stop, go on 1. 通常加不定式作宾补 want him to go 2. 使役动词 let，make, have (sb. do ) have sb. do have sb. doing have sth. done 3. 感官动词 “五看两听一感觉” look (at), see, watch, notice, observe, listen (to), hear, feel (sb. do / doing) 4. keep , find (sb. doing) 1. Don’t let him ____ out alone at night. He is young and will be frightened. A. go B. goes C. to go D. going 4. Mr Green asked us to stop _____. So we stopped ____ to him at once. A. talking; listening B. to talk; listening C. talking; to listen D. to talk; to listen 5. –What should we do to fight H1N1 flu? --We should wash hands often, avoid ____ to crowded places and so on. A. go B. going C. gone D. to go 7. –What’s your plan for the summer holidays? --I’ve no idea, but I’ve decided ____ at home and have a good rest first. A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying 8. We are going for a picnic tomorrow. I’ll call Wendy to make sure _____. A. why to start B. when to start C. what to start D. which to start 10. She spends much time ____ English every day. A. read B. reading C. to read D. have read 11. –Would you mind me _____? --____. Do it as you like, please. A. to play the piano; Good idea B. playing the piano; Of course not C. playing the piano; Of course D. play the piano; All right 12. –Oh, terrible! I forgot ____ the window. It’s windy. --Really? Let’s go back home quickly. A. closing B. to close C. closed D. close 14. On her way home Lucy saw a thief ____ in a shop. She stopped ____110 at once. A. steal; call B. to steal; call C. stealing; to call D. stealing; calling 15. You’d better ____ too much time playing computer games. A. don’t pay B. not to pay C. to not spend D. not spend 16. –Do you know Armstrong? --Yes. He is the first man _____ on the moon. A. walk B. walks C. to walk D. walked 17. –Is Jack in the library? --Maybe. I saw him ____ out with some books just now. A. going B. go C. to go D. went 19. –How about ___ in the river with us? --Sorry, I can’t. My parents often tell me ____ that. A. swim; don’t do B. swim; to do C. swimming; not do D. swimming; not to do 20. –I’m tired these days because of studying for physics. --Why not ____ music? It can make you _____. A. listen to; to relax B. listen to; relax C. listening to; relax D. listening to; to relax 21. –Why did you buy a radio? --______English. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Be learning 22. Why not ____ your teacher for help when you can’t finish ____ it by yourself? A. ask; write B. to ask; writing C. ask; writing D. asking; write Thanks! Bye-bye!