语法互动(八) 动词的时态和语态
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
1.动词的第三人称的单数形式、过去式、过去分词
和现在分词的构成。
2.动词的八种时态的基本结构及用法。
3.动词的被动语态的基本结构及用法。
4.动词的主动形式表示被动意义的用法。
中考考点
1.一般现在时的基本结构及用法
(1)结构:当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形
式。
考点一 一般现在时
动词的时态
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
(2)动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则如下:
①直接加s。如:work—works。
②以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先变y为i,再加es。
如:carry—carries; cry—cries; try—tries; study—
studies。
③以s,x,o,ch,sh结尾的词加es。如:wash—
washes; teach—teaches; go—goes; pass—passes; fix—
fixes。
④特殊:have—has;are→is。
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
(3)用法:
①表示事实、现状、性质或经常性、习惯性的动作。常与seldom, often,
usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes,
on Sundays等时间状语连用。
I go to school at seven every day.
我每天七点去上学。
②表示普遍真理和客观事实。
The earth goes around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
③表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作。
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
④在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。
I'll go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow. 如果明天我妈妈有
空的话,我将和她去购物。
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
2.一般现在时的疑问句、否定句
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
1.一般过去时的用法及标志词
一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。句中的谓语动词要变为
过去式。常与yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 1988等过去的时间状语连用。
考点二 一般过去时
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
2.一般过去时的疑问句和否定句
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
Did you have any problems on your journey?
你在旅途中有一些困难吗?
Were most people too busy making a living in early times?在早期,大部分人
忙着谋生吗?
Modern soccer didn't become official until 1863.
直到1863年现代足球才成为官方运动。
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
[注意]动词过去式的变化规则:
(1)一般情况下,在动词原形后加ed。如:
watch—watched。
(2)以不发音字母e结尾的加d。如:live—lived。
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i加ed。如:
study—studied; carry—carried; cry—cried。
(4)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写该
辅音字母,再加ed。如:
stop—stopped; plan—planned; prefer—preferred。
(5)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
1.一般将来时的构成及基本用法
(1)结构:“助动词shall/will+动词原形”或“be going to+动词原形”。
(2)用法:
①表示将要发生的动作或状态,常用的时间状语有 later(on), soon, in a
month(in+时间段), next time, from now on, tomorrow等。
I shall be eighteen years old next year.
明年我就18岁了。
②表示某种必然的趋势。
Fish will die without water.没有水,鱼就会死。
考点三 一般将来时
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
(3)注意:
will引导的将来时,表示事情没有经过事先考虑而即将发生,be going to
引导的将来时表示事情经过事先计划、考虑打算而即将发生。
They will arrive here tomorrow morning.
明天早晨他们将抵达这里。
I'm going to see a film this afternoon.
今天下午我要去看电影。
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
2.一般将来时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
Don't worry. You won't be late.
不用担心,你不会迟到的。
Will you leave for Beijing next week?
下周你要去北京吗?
Who is to clean the classroom today?
今天该谁打扫教室了?
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
过去将来时的构成及基本用法
(1)结构: “would+动词原形”或“was/were+going to+动词原形”。
(2)用法:表示从过去的某一时刻看,将要发生的动作。
His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year.他叔叔说第二年会
有个好收成。
考点四 过去将来时
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
[提醒] 在由if引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句用过去将来时那么if从句需
用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
If he were here, he would show us how to do it.
如果他在这儿,他就会向我们展示该如何做了。
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
1.现在进行时的构成及基本用法
(1)结构: am/is/are+动词的ing形式
(2)用法:
①表示目前正在发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用的时间状语有 now, at the
moment 等。当有look, listen起提示作用的词时,后面的句子常用现在进行时。
Are you writing a letter to your friend now?
你现在正在给你朋友写信吗?
Listen! She is singing in the next room.
听!她正在隔壁唱歌。
考点五 现在进行时
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
②表示现阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作。
We are planting trees these days.
这些天我们在植树。
③表示位移的动词的进行时表示动作将要发生。此类词有come, go, leave,
arrive, fly等,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon.
他们明天下午要去英格兰。
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
2.现在进行时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
Mary is listening to music in the next room now.
玛丽现在正在隔壁听音乐。
Jack isn't playing football now.
杰克现在没有在踢足球。
Is Mike playing the piano in the room now?
迈克现在在屋里弹钢琴吗?
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
现在分词的变化规则:
(1)一般直接在动词后加ing。如:play—playing
(2)以不发音字母e结尾的,去e加ing。如:
come—coming; make—making; live—living
(3)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写
该辅音字母,再加ing。如:
run—running; sit—sitting; begin—beginning
(4)特殊:die—dying; lie—lying; tie—tying
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
考点六 过去进行时
1.过去进行时的构成及基本用法
(1)结构: was/were+v.ing
(2)用法:过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间点或某一时间段正在
进行的动作。
His father fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
他爸爸骑自行车时摔倒了,弄伤了自己。
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
(3)常用的时间状语: this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday,
from nine to ten, last evening, when, while等。
What were you doing at ten o'clock last night?
你昨晚十点钟在做什么?
They were building a large house last week.
上周他们一直在建造一所大房子。(某阶段一直在进行的动作)
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
2.过去进行时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
I wasn't trying to annoy you.
我没想要让你烦恼。
Were you working all weekend?
你整个周末都在工作吗?
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
1.结构: have/has+动词的过去分词
(过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同。有些特殊变化动词需单独
记忆)
2.用法
(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,常与just, already, yet,
recently, before, ever, never, twice, three times等时间状语连用。
I __________ the film already.
我已经看过这部电影了。(现在我知道电影的内容了)
考点七 现在完成时
have seen
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“since+时
间点或since+从句(一般过去时)”,“for+时间段”及how long, (ever)since, ever,
before, so far, in the last/past few years, up to now, till now等时间状语连用。
We've planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 在过去几年中,我们种了
成千上万棵树。
So far there __________ no bad news.
到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。
has been
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
(3)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式
等。而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响,因此,若不强调某事
对现在的影响就不用现在完成时。
I saw the movie yesterday.
昨天我看了这部电影。(强调电影是昨天看的)
I have already seen the film.
我已经看过这部电影了。(强调到现在为止看过这部电影了)
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
(4)延续性动词
在现在完成时中,如果有持续的时间状语,则要把非延续性动词变为延续性
动词。
I have had the book for two days.
这本书我已经买了两天了。(用had而不用bought)
I have been in Tokyo for two weeks.
我已经来东京两周了。(用been in而不用come to)
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
常见的非延续性动词变延续性动词:
①have arrived at/in sp., have got to/reached sp., have come/gone/moved to
sp.→have been in sp.
②have become→have been
③have got up→have been up
④have died→______________
⑤have left sp.→______________________
⑥have fallen asleep/gone to sleep→have been asleep
⑦have finished/ended/completed→______________
have been dead
have been away from sp.
have been over
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
⑧have married→have been married
⑨have begun→______________
⑩have borrowed→______________
⑪have bought→have had
⑫have caught/got a cold→have had a cold
⑬have got to know→have known
⑭have joined/taken part in the League/the Party/the army→have been a member
of the League/the Party/the army或have been in the League/the Party/the army
have been on
have kept
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
(5)have been to, have gone to, have been in的区别:
have been to表示“过去曾去过某地”,说话时已从该地回来,现在已不在该地;
have gone to表示“已去了某地”,说话时已到达某地或在去某地的途中,现在还
未回来;have been in表示“已在某地待了多久”,后面跟副词时不用in。
—Where is Mrs. Smith?
史密斯夫人在哪儿?
—She isn't here. She has gone to England.
她不在这儿,她去了英格兰。
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
考点八 过去完成时
1.结构: had+动词的过去分词
2.用法
(1)表示过去的某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态,也就是“过
去的过去”。常以by, before短语或when, before, after, until等引导的从句作为前
提。
My teacher said she had never been to London.
我的老师说她从来没去过伦敦。
When the police arrived, the thieves ______________.
当警察到达时,小偷们已经逃跑了。
had run away
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。与现
在完成时一样,过去完成时也常与 how long, for three days, before 等表示一段时
间的状语连用。
When Jack arrived, he learned Mary _______________ for almost an hour. 当杰
克到达时,他得知玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。
had been away
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词
(1)一般现在时: 主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词
(2)一般过去时: 主语+was/were+动词的过去分词
(3)一般将来时: 主语+will/shall/be going to+be+动词的过去分词
(4)现在进行时: 主语+am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词
(5)现在完成时: 主语+have/has+been+动词的过去分词
(6)过去进行时: 主语+was/were+being+动词的过去分词
动词的语态
考点一 被动语态的构成
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
(7)过去完成时: 主语+had been+动词的过去分词
(8)过去将来时: 主语+would be+动词的过去分词
(9)含有情态动词的被动语态: 主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词
(10)在使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面
作宾语补足语的不定式,在主动结构中不定式符号to要省略,但变为被动结构时,
要还原to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
被动结构:
A stranger was seen ________into the building.
有人看见一个陌生人走进了这座楼。
to walk
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
考点二 某些谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词,如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read,
write, wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式
表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth ______________.
这种布料很好洗。 washes well
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
[注意] 主动语态强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成
的影响。
试比较:
The door won't lock.(指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked.(指不会有人来锁门,表示“门没有锁”是人的原
因)
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
2.不及物动词和动词短语,如happen, last, take place, come out, come true, run
out 等,以主动形式表示被动意义。
How do the newspapers come out?
这些报纸是如何被出版的呢?
3.系动词没有被动形式。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来合理。
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
4.下列结构中的v.ing是主动形式表示被动意义。
(1)need, require作“需要”讲时,其后常跟动名词形式。但当这些动词后
接不定式时,则必须用被动形式表示被动意义。
The bike needs mending.
这辆自行车需要修理。
Our classroom needs to be cleaned.
我们的教室需要打扫。
(2)be worth doing sth.值得做某事
The book is well worth reading.
这本书很值得一读。
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1.She wants to know if there ___________________ (be) a flower show next week.
2.I _____________(keep) the book for two weeks.
3.They _____________(have) dinner at this time yesterday.
4.If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, we won't go swimming.
5.—Turn off the radio, dear.Tom is sleeping.
—There is no need.He ___________ (wake) up.
6.—Are you going anywhere?
—I ________(think) about visiting my cousin, but I have changed my mind.
考点过关训练
will be/is going to be
have kept
were having
rains
has woken
thought
语法互动(八)┃ 动词的时态和语态
7.When I got home yesterday afternoon, it _______________ (rain)
hard.
8.Someone ____________(knock) the door. Can you open it?
9.She likes the skirt because it ________ (feel) soft.
10.He was made ________ (leave) his hometown.
11.Many trees ______________ (plant) in my hometown every year.
12.Chinese style of road crossing is a bad habit and must
_________________ (prevent).
13.Please say “I'm here” when your name_________ (call).
14.Mr. Brown's funny story ________________(laugh) at by everyone
just now.
15.Have you heard that some people _____________ (send) to the
Mars in a few years? will be sent
was raining
is knocking
feels
to leave
are planted
be prevented
is called
was laughed