第19课时 九年级 Units 13～14
考点一 cut down的用法
【课文原句】 Well, to cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead
of driving.为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共汽车或者地铁，而不是开车。(九
P98)
(1)cut down意为“减少”，是“动词＋副词”结构的短语，所接的宾语若为名词，
宾语可位于down的前面或后面；若为代词，只能位于down的前面。
You’d better cut the article down to about 2，000 words.你最好把这篇文章缩减到2
000字左右。
(2)cut down还可表示“砍倒”。
They cut down the big tree.他们砍倒了这棵大树。
(3)含有cut的短语：cut off 切断；切除
cut into把……切成…… cut up切碎 cut in插队；插嘴
1．(2018·江苏扬州江都模拟)It is impolite for children to
___when their parents are talking with others.
A．cut down B．cut out
C．cut in D．cut short C
2．(2016·山东青岛中考)Our country is taking action to
___air pollution.
A．cut down B．cut up
C．cut out D．cut off A
考点二 表示“花费”含义的单词辨析
【课文原句】 It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything！它对健康有益而且不
花钱！(九P98)
cost, spend, take, pay表示“花费”的区别
词汇 用法
cost 事/物＋cost＋人＋时间/金钱；还可以强调
抽象的代价
spend 人＋spend＋时间/金钱＋(in) doing/on sth.
take It＋takes＋人＋时间＋to do
pay 人＋pay＋金钱＋for＋物
3．(2017·山东济宁中考)That one mistake almost ___him
his life.
A．took B．paid
C．cost D．spent
C
考点三 be harmful to的用法
【课文原句】 This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.这种做法不
仅残忍，而且对环境有害。(九P99)
be harmful to意为“对……有害”，相当于do harm to或be bad for。
Smoking is harmful to our health.＝Smoking does harm to our health.＝Smoking is bad
for our health.吸烟对我们的健康有害。
4．(2018·福建泉州质检改编)—The farm chemicals remained
on the vegetable and fruit are ___ to our health.
—Yes. They may cause lots of diseases.
A．important B．harmful
C．necessary D．healthy
B
考点四 do something to do sth.
【课文原句】 Sharks may disappear one day if we do not do something to stop the
sale of shark fins.如果我们不采取行动阻止鲨鱼翅的销售，总有一天鲨鱼会消失的。
(九P99)
do something to do sth.意为“采取措施去做某事”，相当于take action to do sth.“采
取行动去做某事”。
People should take action to protect the environment.人们应该采取行动来保护环境。
考点五 afford的用法
【课文原句】 Yes, we can’t afford to wait any longer to take action！是的，我们不
能再等了，必须采取行动！(九P100)
afford意为“承担得起(后果)；买得起”。常与can, could, be able to等连用，多用
于否定句和疑问句中。
It is too expensive, and I can’t afford it.它太贵了，我买不起。
We can’t afford to go abroad this summer.今年夏天我们没有足够的钱去国外。
5．(2018·天津中考)I am afraid we can not ___ to take a taxi. Let’s go by underground
instead.
A．refuse B．afford
C．forget D．fall
B
考点六 pay的用法
【课文原句】 I think it’s a great idea that you now have to pay for plastic bags in
some stores.我认为现在有些商店塑料袋需要购买这个想法很好。(九P100)
(1)pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱(给某人)买……
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付给他们20英镑
的房租。
(2)pay for sth.付……的钱
I have to pay for the book.我不得不付钱买这本书。
(3)pay for sb.替某人付钱
Don’t worry! I’ll pay for you.别担心，我会给你付钱的。
(4)pay sb.付钱给某人
They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。
6．(2015·河北中考)This food is free. You don’t have to
___it.
A．look for B．pay for
C．ask for D．wait for B
考点七 throw的用法
【课文原句】 Do you often throw away things you don’t need anymore？你经常把
你不再需要的东西扔掉吗？(九P102)
throw“扔；抛”，其过去式和过去分词分别为threw和thrown; throw away 意为
“扔掉；抛弃”。
You shouldn’t throw away your old clothes.你不应该把旧衣服扔掉。
7．(2017·福建中考改编)—Don’t ___ the waste paper. We can collect and recycle it.
—You’re right. Everyone should be a greener person.
A．blow away B．put away
C．throw away D．give away
C
考点八 look back的用法
【课文原句】 Looking back at these past three years回望过去的三年(九P107)
(1)look back (at/on sth.)意为“回首(往事)；回忆；回顾”。
We can learn something whenever we look back.每当回首往事，我们都能学到东西。
When I look back at those days, I realize I was very happy.当我回想起那些日子，我
意识到那时我非常快乐。
(2)look的其他常见短语
look for寻找 look at看 look up向上看；查找
look after照顾 look through浏览
8．(2017·湖北黄冈中考)—___ these past three years, which teachers will you miss
most?
—Mr. Jiang. He’s helped me a lot.
A．Looking back at
B．Looking for
C．Looking through
D．Looking after
A
9．(2017·山东潍坊中考)—Why do you ___ Liu Hulan?
—Because she is a great hero.
A．look like B．look down
C．look over D．look up to
D
考点九 “It’s time to do sth.”句型
【课文原句】 And now it’s time to graduate现在到毕业的时候了(九P107)
◆It’s time＋(for sb.) to do sth.表示“该(是某人)做某事的时候了”。
Tom, it’s time to get up.汤姆，该起床了。
◆It’s time for＋n.(v.ing)意为“该做某事了，到了做某事的时间了”，相当于
“It’s time to do sth.”。
Be quiet, everyone. It’s time for class.大家安静，该上课了。
【拓展】 与time相关的句型还有It’s＋the＋序数词＋time＋to do sth.表示“某人第
几次做某事”，可以与It’s＋the＋序数词＋time＋that从句互相转换。
It’s the first time for me to visit Disney land. I feel so excited.＝It’s the first time that I
visit Disney land. I feel so excited.这是我第一次参观迪士尼乐园。我感到很兴奋。
10．(2017·黑龙江龙东中考改编)It’s time for me ___ goodbye
to my mother school. I will never forget all ___ love.
A．to say; teachers’
B．saying; teachers’
C．to say; teacher’s
D．saying; teacher’s
A
考点十 first of all/congratulate的用法
【课文原句】 First of all, I’d like to congratulate all the students who are here today.
首先，我想祝贺今天所有在座的同学们。(九P110)
(1)first of all
意为“首先”，常放在句首表示次序，后面往往接next, then等，其反义词组为at
last, in the end。
First of all, let me introduce myself to you.首先，让我向你做一下自我介绍。
(2)congratulate
①意为“祝贺”，通常用于“congratulate sb. on sth.”，表示
“为某事而祝贺某人”。
She congratulated me warmly on my good exam results.她热情地祝贺我考试取得了
好成绩。
②congratulation是congratulate的名词形式，其复数形式常单独使用。
—I’ve got the first prize.我得了一等奖。
—Congratulations！祝贺！
考点十一 thirsty的用法
【课文原句】 You were all so full of energy and thirsty for knowledge.你们朝气蓬勃，渴求
知识。(九P110)
thirsty“渴望的；口渴的”；be thirsty for意为“渴望；渴求”，
后跟名词或动词ing形式作宾语。
We are thirsty for success.我们渴望成功。
11．(2015·山东淄博中考)After the football match, the players
were very ___ and tired.
A．cool B．full
C．lively D．thirsty D
12．(2019·原创)The children in countryside are really thirsty
___knowledge.
A．for B．to
C．at D．of A
考点十二 set out的用法
【课文原句】 As you set out on your new journey, you
shouldn’t forget where you came from.在你们踏上新征程时，
不要忘记你们来自哪里。(九P110)
(1)set out
意为“出发；启程”，其后常跟“for＋地点”，表示出发去某地。
The army are about to set out.部队就要出发了。
Lingling and I will set out for Hangzhou.玲玲和我将启程去杭州。
(2)set out on sth.
意为“开始进行新的或重要的事情”。
When we set out on this project, we knew it would be difficult.我们开始着手这个项目
时就知道它很难。
(3)set out to do sth.
意为“着手做某事”，相当于“set about doing sth.”。
At five in the morning, he set out to do his work.清晨五点他就开始工作。
As soon as she got home, she set about preparing lunch.她一到家就开始准备午饭。
13．(2018·山东滨州中考)People now in many big cities have
to ___ early to avoid the heavy traffic in the morning.
A．set out B．put out
C．take out D．give out A
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