济宁题型二 阅读理解
一、阅读理解“三步”定位法
第一步 看题干，快速定位关键词
先看问题，找出题干中的关键词，猜测文章大意。
第二步 读文章，快速定位找原文
带着关键词快速通读全文，画出与题干内容相关的词汇和句
子，并在脑海中形成篇章结构图。
第三步 回看题，连线解读定答案
细读题干、选项，针对已画出的原文内容进行二次定位，精
准连线，锁定答案。
二、具体解题技巧
1．细节理解题
该题型多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目，属
于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但所占的比例最大，一般占
总分值的60%～85%。其命题方式有用what, where, which,
why, who, how等疑问词进行提问；用according to开头，后
接短文具体内容；用动宾结构、介宾结构、系表结构等的设
题方式。
解答该类题目时应注意以下几点：
(1)若问题的答案是文中的原句，直接作答即可；
(2)若问题的答案涉及的是总结性的句子，要特别注意对原文
中与答案相关句子的总结。
【例】I grew up in New Hampshire, a small town in South
Canada, where in my father’ s words for the seasons were
“Spring, Summer, Fairtime and Winter！” At that time, a
weeklong fair(集市) was held in the town every autumn.
Thousands of people from other towns came to sell and buy
things. It was the busiest time of the year.
Q: Thousands of people came to the town to at the fair.
A．enjoy Grandma’ s food
B．sell and buy things
C．learn to cook
D．have a big party
【解析】 B 由本段第三句话可知，数千人来到小镇上是为
了在集市上买卖东西，故选B。
2．推理判断题
该题型的命题方式主要有对细节的推理判断、对某个问题或
某一部分的观点、态度的推理判断；对作者在整篇文章中的
态度、观点和写作意图的推理判断。常见的提问方式有：
(1)The sentence/paragraph/passage infers that...(2)We can
learn from the sentence/paragraph/passage that...(3)The
sentence/paragraph/passage implies that...(4)By saying..., the
author means...(5)What can we infer from the...(6)At the end
of the passage the writer suggests...(7)From the second
example we can infer that...(8)It can be concluded/inferred
from the passage that...
【例】 One day, a little boy decided to dig a hole behind his
house after watching a science program. As he was working,
a couple of boys stopped by to watch. “What are you doing？
” asked one of the visitors. “I want to dig a deep hole all the
way through the earth！” the boy answered excitedly. The
older boys began to laugh, telling him that it was impossible
to do it. Then they left.
Q: It can be inferred from the passage that the older boys
think the little boy is .
A．silly B．strict
C．friendly D．strongminded
【解析】 A 由本段倒数第二句可知，那些年纪大一些的男
孩嘲笑小男孩，说他不可能完成那件事，由此可推断，他们
觉得小男孩很愚蠢，故选A。
3．词义猜测题
该题型要求学生充分理解文章，有时还要结合英语构词法、
语法及相关知识进行合理猜测。
【例】 A serious sandstorm(沙尘暴) has hit Beijing, together
with five to seven degree strong wind. A great yellow dust
cloud enveloped the Chinese capital last Sunday.
Q: What does “enveloped” mean in this passage?
A．信封 B．遮盖
C．刮走 D．灰尘
【解析】 B 由前文可知，沙尘暴袭击了北京，再结合句法
知识可知envelop在此是一个动词，排除A、D；再结合生活
常识可判断envelop在此处表示“遮盖”之意，故选B。
4．主旨大意题
该题型文章考查考生对文章整体的理解及对主旨大意的概括
能力。常见的提问方式有(1)What is the main
idea/subject/topic of the passage？(2)The author is mainly
concerned with...(3)What does the passage mainly discuss？
(4)The passage is mainly about...(5)Which of the following
best states the main idea of the passage?
解答该类题目时应注意以下几点：
(1)注意文章标题、开头、结尾、中间的主题句；
(2)以原文为依据，只选最适合原文的，不要掺杂个人意见；
(3)注意绝对化的单词，如all, must等；
(4)避免以偏概全的干扰项答案。
【例】 Schools will go electronic. Computers will be
important and popular among the students. Everything will
be in the computer and students will not need to bring books
to school. They will find information on the Internet. A
computer will be the students’ library, schoolbag and
connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers.
They will check homework on computers and communicate
with the students’ parents through email.
Q: What’ s the main idea of this passage?
A．Schools will go electronic.
B．Computers will be important.
C．There will be robot teachers.
D．Teachers will communicate with the students’ parents
through email.
【解析】 A 第一句为中心句，后面是对其进行的扩展和论
述，故选A。
5．数字计算题
要求学生根据提供的数据以及内在关系进行简单的计算和推
断。
【例】 I won a prize for one of my paintings when I was
fourteen. That may be why I went to art school four years
later...When I left school, I got some money. I hope to become
a fulltime painter.
Q: When finishing school studies, the writer was about ．
A．14 B．16
C．18 D．21
【解析】 D 作者14岁因绘画获奖，18岁进入美术学校，毕
业时一定在18岁以上，故选D。
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