人教版中考英语知识归纳复习九年级全Units5-8完美

课前自主热身 词 汇 拓 展 1.glass n. 玻璃杯→ (复数) 2.leaf n. 叶；叶子→ (复数) 3.produce v. 生产；制造；出产→ n.产品； 制品 n.生产;制作 4.wide adj. 广泛的；普通的→ adv.广泛地； 普遍地 5.France n. 法国→ n.法语 6.local adj. 当地的；本地的→ adv.当地； 本地 7.German n.& adj. 德国的；德语的；德国人→ _____________ n.德国 8.postman n. 邮递员→ （复数） 9.glove n. （分手指的）手套→ （复数） 10.it pron. 它→ （宾格） （名词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词） （反身代词） 11.live v. 活的→ adj.活着的；有生气的 adj.生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的 12.complete v. 完成→ adv.彻底地；完全地 13.near prep. 靠近 & adj.附近的 → adv.几乎； 差不多 14.nation n. 国家→ adj.国家的；民族的 15.translate v. 翻译→ n.翻译者; 译员 n.翻译 16.sudden adj. 突然（的）→ adv.突然；忽然 17.music n. 音乐→ adj.音乐的；有音乐天 赋的 n.音乐家 18.hero n. 英雄→ （复数）短 glasses leaves product production widely French locally Germany postmen gloves it its itself alive lively completely nearly national translator translation suddenly musical musician heroes 中考考点解读 divide...into 短 语 集 锦 1. 以……闻名； 为人知晓 2. 不论；无论 3. 剪纸 4. 童话故事 5. 偶然；意外 6. 发生；出现 7. 毫无疑问；的确 8. 突然；猛地 9. 错误地 10. ... 把……分开 11. 钦佩；仰慕 12. 由……地方 制造 13. 据我所知 14. 根据；依据 15. 掉进 16. 同时 17. 鼓 励某人做某事 18. 实现 某人的梦想 19. 低价 20. 放出；发送 21. 把……添加到…... 22. 在……边上 23. 在过去 24. 寻找 25. 各个部分 26. 即使 be known for no matter paper cutting fairy tale look up to be made in at the same time achieve one...s dream at a low price send...out... as for as I know according to fall into add...to... on the side of even though by accident take place without doubt all of a sudden by mistake encourage sb. to do sth in the past search for all parts of 经 典 句 型 1.The tea is packed and many different countries and places around China. 包装好的茶叶被送往 许多不同国家和地区。 2.It seems that Chinese tea is all over the world.看来，中国的茶叶已被世界各地饮用。 3.He realized that Americans can avoid buying products made in China. 他意识到美国人几乎避免不了 买中国制造的产品。 5. sounds very easy but it can be difficult to do.剪纸听起来很容易，但是做起来很难。 6.These small pieces of clay art show the love all Chinese people have for life and beauty.这些小小的泥塑 艺术品展现了所有中国人民对生活和美的热爱。 7.Did you know potato chips were invented ? 你知道薯条是由于差错而发明的吗？ sent to drunk hardly Paper cutting that by mistake 经 典 句 型 4.However, he wishes that in the future China will also get better at making products that people can buy in all parts of the world. 然而，他希望在 将来中国也能更擅长制造让人们在世界各地都能买到 的高科技产品。 8.Basketball is a much-loved and active sport that is enjoyed by many for . 篮球是一 项深受大众喜爱和充满活力的运动，以供人们娱乐和 得到锻炼。 high-technology fun and exercise 情 景 交 际 谈论产品的制作材料和产地（Talk about what products are made of and where they were made） 1.— your shirts cotton？你的衬 衫是由棉花制成的吗？ — , they . And they the US. 是的，它们是。而且它们的源产地是美国。 2.— the model plane ?飞机模型 是由什么制成的? —It’s used wood and glass. 它是由旧木头和 玻璃制成的。 3.— tea ?茶是怎样生产出来的？ —Tea plants on the sides of mountains. . the leaves , they are and then processing ____________. 茶植物被种植在山坡上，当茶叶长成后，它们被手工 采摘下来，然后送去加工。 谈论发明的历史（Talk about the history of inventions） 4.— the zipper ?拉链是什么时 候被发明的? —It in 1893.它是1893年被发明的。 5.— it by?它是被谁发明的？ —It Whitcomb Judson.它是由惠 特科姆·贾德森发明的。 6.— tea Korea?茶是什 么时候被带到朝鲜的? —It Korea the 6th and 7th centuries. 它是在六、七世纪被带到朝鲜的。 7.— the hot ice-cream scoop ? 热冰激凌勺是做什么用的？ —It’s serving really cold ice- cream. 它被用来挖很冷的冰淇淋。 used for Are made of Yes are were made in What's made of made of How is produced are grown When are ready picked by hand are sent for When was invented was invented Who was invented was invented by When was brought to was brought to during What is used for 中考考点解读 语 法 1.一般现在时的被动语态 2.一般过去时的被动语态 话 题 Unit 5Things made in China(中国制造的东西) Unit 6Inventions(发明) 甘肃真题专练 1.［2017兰州93题］Many (hero) have set good examples for us to follow. 2.［2016兰州100题］Have you ever read the books (translate) by Yang Jiang? 3.［2015兰州99题］The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 4.［2017兰州103题］无论学生在学校里发生什么事，老师总会在他们身边帮助 他们。 what happens to the students in the school, their teachers will always be there for them. 5.［2016省卷95题］我做志愿者是因为我不仅想去看看这个世界，还想让它变得 更好。 I volunteer because I not want to see the world, make a difference to it. heroes translated felt No matter only but 【重点词汇】 6.［2016省卷38题］Mr. Anderson’s car last night. A. was stolen B. stolen C. stole D. is stolen A 【重点语法】 课堂重点剖析 1 avoid的用法 He realized that Americans can hardly avoid buying products made in China. 他意识到美国人几乎避免不了买中国制造的产品。(Unit 5, P35) ◆表示“避免”“回避”“躲避”，本身为及物动词，后直接跟宾 语。如： I think she is avoiding me. 我认为她是在回避我。 ◆后接动词时要用动名词。如： He dyed his beard to avoid being recognized. 他染了胡子，以免被认 出来。 ◆有时动名词前可以有自己的逻辑主语。如： They built a wall to avoid soil being washed away. 他们建了一堵墙防 止土壤流失。 考点小练 1.你必须更加仔细，避免犯同样的错误。 You must be more careful and making the same mistakes you’ve ever made. 2.为了避开市中心,请在这里向右拐弯。 the city center, please turn right here. 3.这个事故本来是可以避免的。 The accident could have been . avoid To avoid avoided 2 doubt的用法 Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea. 虽然许多 人现在都知道茶文化，但是中国人无疑是最了解茶本质的人。(Unit 6, P43) ◆doubt n.疑惑，疑问。常见短语为：without doubt毫无疑问（一般用 于句首）；no doubt毫无疑问（一般用于句中）；in doubt疑惑，拿不定主 意。如： Without doubt this is the best.毋庸置疑，这是最好的。 There is no doubt that we will be successful.毫无疑问我们会成功的。 We are in doubt(about) what to do next.我们不知道下一步该做什么。 ◆doubt vi. 怀疑，在肯定句中后面可接if或whether；在否定句及疑问 句中可跟that从句。如： I doubt if/whether he will win.我怀疑他是否能赢。 Do you doubt that he will win?你怀疑他会赢吗？ 4.毫无疑问,中国南海的那些岛屿是首先被中国人发现的。 There’s _____________ that those islands in the South China Sea were first discovered by Chinese. 5.这个女孩已经去过中国的很多地方旅行,她对接下来去哪个城市拿 不定主意。 The girl has traveled to many places of China. She is __________ which city to go to next. 6.毫无疑问,这位老师是我见过的最有耐心的老师。 ____________________, this teacher is the most patient teacher I have ever seen. 考点小练 no doubt in doubt Without doubt 3 辨析be known for, be known as与be known to For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea. 例如，安溪和杭州因茶而远近闻名。(Unit 5, P34) 词组 用法 例句 be known for 意为“因……而出名”。for表原因，其 后常接表示某人或某物的特长、特点的词， 即：出名的原因。 The Jeju Island is known/famous for its beautiful scenery. 济州岛因为它美丽的风 景而出名。 be known as 意为“作为……而出名”。as后接某个人 的职业、身份或地位的名词。 Mo Yan is known/famous as a great writer. 莫言作为一名伟大的作家而出名。 be known to 意为“为……所了解/知道”，常用来表 达某人/物在某个群体/圈子/地域范围内是 有名的。 The Great Wall is known to the people around the world. 长城对于全世界的人们 而言都是著名的。 注意：以上三个短语中的known均可替换为famous 或 well-known，含义相同。 7.莫言作为一名作家而出名,他的小说《红高粱》已经被拍成了一部电影。 Mo Yan _________________ a writer. His novel Red Sorghum has been made into a film. 8.北京被世界各地的人们所熟知,它是中国的首都。 Beijing _________________ people around the world. It is the capital of China. 9.The Summer Palace __________ people all over the world. It is one of the most famous places of interest. A. is known to B. is known for C. is known as D. is known at 考点小练 is famous as is famous to A 4 辨析pleasure, pleased, please与pleasant My pleasure! 我的荣幸！(Unit 6, P42) 词汇 用法 例句 pleasure 名词，“快乐，喜悦，乐趣”。当你帮助他人 得到对方的感谢时，你应说 “It’s my pleasure.”; 当别人请你帮忙，你乐意做时，则应说 “With pleasure”。 We can get a lot of pleasure from books.我们可以从书中得到很多乐 趣。 pleased 形容词，“对……感到高兴的/满意的”。常与 be动词连用，后接with, at等介词或动词不定式 短语；pleased通常作表语，不作定语。 She was pleased with my work.她对 我的工作感到满意。 please 动词，“使……高兴/满意”。作及物动词，表 示“使高兴/满意/愉快”，也可作不及物动词， 表示“欢喜，满意”等；回答Would you like...? 等表示征求意见的问句时，若同意，要说 “Yes, please”。 The teacher can’t please every student. 老师不可能让每个学生都感到满意。 pleasant 形容词，“令人愉快的，舒适的”。①作定语 时，意为“令人高兴的，令人愉快的”，修饰 事物，不能修饰人。②作表语时，意为“使人 感到高兴的/愉快的”，句子主语只能是表示事 物的词语，侧重客观地、总体地描述事物。 What a pleasant surprise!这真是一个 令人高兴的惊喜！ 考点小练 10.我希望和我最好的朋友有一个愉快的暑假旅行。 I hope to have a ___________ trip during the summer holidays with my best friend. 11.帮助需要的人能给我们带来巨大的喜悦。而这种感觉无法用言 语表达。 Helping others in need can give us a great_____________. And this feeling is beyond words. 12.她对考试结果非常满意。 She was_____________ with her exam results. pleasant pleasure pleased 课前自主热身 词 汇 拓 展 1.safe adj. 安全的→ n.安全；安全性 2.cry v.& n.哭；叫喊→ (过去式/过去分词) 3.badly adv. 严重地；差；非常→ 比较级 → 最高级 4.regret v.& n. 感到遗憾；懊悔→ (过去式/过去 分词) (现在分词) adj.后悔的；失望的 5.educate v. 教育；教导→ n.教育 → adj.教育的；有教育意义的 6.manage v. 完成（困难的事）；应付（困难局面） → (过去式/过去分词) → __ (现在分词) → ___ n.经理；经营者 → ___ n.管理；经营 7.society n. 社会→ adj.社会的 8.enter v. 进来；进去→ n.进入; 入口 9.choose v. 选择→ (过去式) (过去分词) n.选择；挑选 10.attend v.出席；参加 → n. 11.value n. 价值→ adj.贵重的；很有用的；宝贵的 12.noise n. 声音；噪音→ adj.吵闹的 13.police n. 警察→ n.男警察 n.女警察 14.wolf n. 狼→ （复数） 15.sleep v. 睡觉→ adj.困倦的；瞌睡的 16.suit v.适合n. 西服；套装→ adj.合适的；适 当的 17.express v. 表示；表达→ n.表情；表示； 表达方式 18.medicine n. 医学→ adj.医疗的；医学的 19.energy n. 力量；精力→ adj.精力充沛的， 充满活力的 20.enemy n. 敌人；仇人→ （复数） safety cried worst worse regretted education regretting regretful managed educational valuable managing manager management social entrance chose chosen choice attendance noisy suitable policeman policewoman wolves sleepy energetic expression medical enemies 中考考点解读 短 语 集 锦 1. ___ 回嘴；顶嘴 2. 自己 做决定 3. 挡……的路； 妨碍 4. 和某人一起出去 5. 对……认真 6. 捡起；用车接某人 7. 远离…… 8. 不 但……而且…… 9. 对……要求严格 10. 入睡 11. 担心 12. 允许 13. 考虑 14. 有机会 做…… 15. 属于 16. 参加音乐会 17. 与……交流 18. 追赶；追逐 19. 提升；上升 20. 被用作…… 21. 到达 经 典 句 型 1.I’m really excited about the famous paintings by Picasso. 我真的很兴奋看到著名画家毕加索的画作。 2.My parents have always taught me to work hard at school and enter university.我的父母总是教育我 在校好好学习，将来考大学多么重要。 3.I attended a concert yesterday so it in the music hall. 我昨天听了一场音乐会，因此它应该还在音乐厅 里。 4.It a girl‘s room because it's very tidy. 这个房间 非常整洁，可能是一个女孩的房间。 5.They think the stones can illness and keeping people healthy. 他们认为这些石头可以预防疾病，使人们保持 健康。 talk back make one's own decision get in the way of go out with sb be serious about pick up keep...away from not only...but also... be strict with seeing fall asleep worry about allow to think about have a chance to do belong to attend a concert communicate...with run after move up be used for arrive in/at prevent could be how important it is might still be 中考考点解读 情 景 交 际 谈论你被允许做的事(Talk about what you are allowed to do) 1.—I sixteen-year-olds ___________________ to drive. 我认为16岁的孩子不应该被允许开车。 —I . They aren't . 我同意。 他们还不够谨慎。 2.—Teenagers have part- time jobs. 青少年不应该被允许做兼职工作。 —I . They can from working. 我不同意。他们能够从工作中学到很多东西。 3.Mr. Smith says we here. 史密斯 先生说这里禁止我们拍照。 4.—Do you think teenagers make their own decisions?你认为青少年应该被鼓励自己做决定吗? —No, I this. Teenagers are young make their own decisions. 不，我不同意。青少年太小 了不能自己做决定。 作出推测(Make inferences) 5.— volleyball ？ 这是谁的排球? —It Carla’s. She loves volleyball. 它一定是卡拉 的。她喜爱排球。 6.— hair band ?这是谁的发带? —It Mei's hair band. Or it _____________________ Linda. They both have long hair. 它可能是梅的发带，或者它可能属 于琳达，她们两个都有长头发。 7.— you that night?那天晚上你看 到了什么? — , but it a dog. 我不确定， 但它不可能是一条狗。 don't think serious enoughagree should not be allowed to to disagree learn a lot must not take photos don't agree with Whose is this must be Whose is this could be What did see I'm not sure can't be should be allowed should be encouraged to too might belong to 语 法 1.含情态动词的被动语态（如should+be allowed to） 2.情态动词表推测(must, might, could和can’t) 话 题 Unit 7 Rules(规则) Unit 8 Mysteries(神秘的事物) 1.［2016省卷91题］他父亲给了他一些远离吸烟的建议。 His father gave him some advice to from cigarettes. 2.［2016省卷94题］你今天所做的决定通常会影响你的将来。 The choice today will usually affect your future. 3.［2015省卷68题］那边出了什么事？那么多人挤在大门口。 What’s over there? So people are crowding around the gate. 甘肃真题专练 keep/stay away you/you've make/made many happening 【重点词汇】 课堂重点剖析 1 regret的用法 I regret talking back, not listening to Mom. 我后悔顶嘴，没有听 妈妈的话。(Unit 7, P51) ◆vt. 意为“感到遗憾，表示歉意，懊悔”。 （1） regret+ n./pron. 如： If you don’t do it now, you’ll only regret it. 如果你现在不做，以后一定会后悔的。 （2）regret+that/wh- 从句。如：I deeply regret what I said.我非常后 悔说了那些话。 （3）regret+to do 如： We regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.我们很遗憾地通知你，你的申请未通过。 （4）regret+v-ing 如: He bitterly regretted ever having mentioned it.他非常懊悔提起那 件事。 ◆n.意为“痛惜，懊悔，遗憾，失望”。如： She expressed her regret at /over the decision. 她对这个决定表示失望。 I have no regrets about leaving Newcastle. 我一点也不后悔离开纽卡斯尔。 1.如果现在你不好好学习，将来你就会后悔。 If you don’t study hard at present, you’ll in the future. 2.五年后她很后悔仅仅因为一次和父亲的争吵而离开家这件事。 Five years later she regrets her home for only a quarrel with her dad. 考点小练 leaving regret 2 prevent的用法 They think the stones can prevent illness and keep people healthy. 他们认为这些石头可以预防疾病，使人们保持健康。(Unit 8, P62) ◆prevent+n./pron.意为“阻止……”。如： They tried their best to prevent the accident.他们尽力阻止那场事故。 ◆prevent sb. (from) doing sth. “阻止某人做某事”，同义词组为 stop sb. (from) doing sth., keep sb. from doing sth.。如：The heavy rain prevented him from going home.大雨阻止了他回家。 3.If you wear a mask, you can prevent yourself (catch) the flu. 4.We should take action to stop people destroying the lane! A. from B.on C. in D. of 考点小练 catching A 3 辨析attend, join, join in与take part in I attended a concert yesterday so it might still be in the music hall. 我 昨天参加了一场音乐会，所以它（书包）可能还在音乐厅。(Unit 8, P58) 词汇 用法 例句 attend 指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼、去上课、 上学、听报告等正式场合。 He‘ll attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天将要参加一个重要的 会议。 join ①指加入某个党派、团体组织等，成为其 成员之一，意为“参军、入团、入党”等； ②参加到某个人群中去，其结构为：join sb. in (doing) sth.,doing可以省略。 When did your sister join the army?你姐 姐是什么时候参军的？ join in 多指参加小规模的活动，如“球赛、游戏” 等，常用于日常口语。 Come along, and join in the ball game.过 来和我们一块儿打球。 take part in 指参加某项临时性的活动。主要强调在活 动中充当一定的角色并发挥一定的作用。 We’ll take part in social practice during the summer vacation. 暑假期间我们将参加社 会实 践。 图示助记： 考点小练 join， join in， attend， take part in 5.—May I the game? It seems wonderful. —Come along. Let‘s play together. 6.My family will take a plane to Shanghai to my cousin’s wedding tomorrow. 7.Many athletes will stand for their countries to the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. 8.I the team two years ago. I have been in the team for two years. join in attend joined take part in 4 辨析sleepy, asleep与sleep Whenever I try to read this book, I feel sleepy.每当我试着读这本书时， 我就感到瞌睡。(Unit 8,P60) 词汇 用法 例句 sleepy 指人“困倦的或瞌睡的”状态，作表语 时，意为“困倦；想睡觉”，作定语时， 意为“瞌睡的；寂静的”。 She always feels sleepy in class because she stays up late.因为熬夜，她上课总感到困 倦。 asleep 表语形容词，意为“睡着的”，常用于 短语fall asleep,意为“睡着”。 Don‘t wake them up. They’re asleep. 别吵 醒他们，他们睡着了。 sleep 动词或名词，意为“睡觉；睡眠”。 He didn‘t sleep well before the exam.考试 前他没睡好。 考点小练 9.My grandmother often falls when she watches TV. 10.The boring film made her . 11.I couldn't well because of the noise. asleep， sleep， sleepy asleep sleepy sleep 话题写作指导 话题陈述 分析近3年甘肃中考真题和全国中考真题可知，与规章制度相关话题 的书面表达的命题通常会从学校规则(校规校纪的认识及建议)、交通规则 (对乱穿马路等现象谈谈你的看法)及生活中基本的行为规范三个角度设题。 亮点句型 介绍安全规则 1.There are many rules that we should follow in our daily life. 2.In order to make us grow safely, our school has made many safety rules for us to follow. 3.I’m writing to kindly remind you of the dormitory rules. 1.I hope you can read the following rules and obey them. 2.Don't make phone calls when we're sleeping. 3.Don't use others' things without permission. 4.In order to keep the classroom clean, students mustn't eat anything in the classroom. 5.We should turn off the lights when we leave the classroom. 6.I think we should stop those students from wasting water. 7.We must obey traffic rules and mustn't cross the streets when the traffic lights are red. 8.If we are in danger, we must call the police for help in time. 9.We should eat healthy food and keep away from junk food. 10.We should be friendly and get on well with others，and don't quarrel or even fight with others. 如何遵守 1.If we do like this， maybe our school will be better and better! 2.Anyway, school rules are necessary for us to make fewer mistakes and become better teenagers. 3.I think these rules are necessary as safety comes first. 4.I hope all of us can obey these rules and make our dormitory more and more comfortable. 5.The harder we try, the happier our life will be. 提示类 1.为了自身和他人的安全，我们应该尽全力去遵守交通规则。 _______________________________________________________________ _______________________ 2.我们必须严格要求自己养成良好的习惯。 _____________________________________________________________ 3.在我们的日常生活中有许多规则。 ______________________________________________________________ 4.我们应该吃得健康、安全。 _______________________________________________________________ 5.总之，我们应该遵守上面的规则。 _______________________________________________________________ 【仿写句子】 For the safety of ourselves and others, we should try our best to obey the traffic rules. We must be strict with ourselves to develop good habits. All in all, we should obey the rules above. We ought to eat healthily and safely. There are many rules in our daily life. 在日常生活中，你看到身边有哪些不良现象？请列举一些并就某些方 面说说你的做法和想法。 提示：speak loudly, cut in line(插队), waste food, unfriendly(冷漠的), offer no help… 要求：1.参考提示语，可适当发挥； 2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； 3.文中不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4.词数：不少于80词（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）。 【典例剖析】 In our daily life,I usually see some bad behaviors around us. For example, ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ I think if everyone can think more of others, we'll have a better living environment. 细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息： 1.针对身边的一些不良现象，谈论自己的看法和做法，介绍自己的情况时 用第一人称，介绍他人时用第三人称； 2.描述平时的行为用一般现在时，描述自己将来的打算时用将来时。 【审题思路】 【写作导图】 In our daily life, I usually see some bad behaviors around us. For example, I often hear people ①speak and laugh loudly in public. It is too noisy. Some people cut in line while others are waiting. It makes me unhappy. And in our school dining hall, I often see students waste food. At times, people seem unfriendly and offer no help when others are in trouble. For me, my parents are strict with me. They often tell me to behave well. ②So I never drop litter about. And I never draw on the desk or on the wall. I am polite to old people. I think if everyone can think more of others, well have a better living environment. ①分别使用speak and laugh loudly, cut in line, waste food和offer no help等短语描述日 常生活中的一些 不良现象。 ②用第一人称写 出“我”在日常 生活中的行为规 范。 【范文赏析】 上海迪士尼乐园于2016年6月16日正式开放，许多孩子打算前往游玩。 假如你是一名乐园的志愿者，请你根据下列表格中的要点提示，用英语向 孩子们介绍乐园并提醒他们文明游园。 【自我突破】 注意：1.词数80左右（短文的开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数）； 2.短文须包括所有要点，不要逐词解释，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、 通顺； 3.短文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。 参考词汇： theme n.主题；firework n.烟火 Good morning，children! As a volunteer from Shanghai Disneyland，I'd like to say something about the park and tell you how to behave well in it. _____________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ _____________________ The Disneyland is in the east of Shanghai.You can get there by underground.It's made up of six theme parks. You can join in different kinds of activities there, such as enjoying wonderful musicals or plays. Also, there are lots of nicepresents in the shopping area for you to choose. At night, you can watch fireworks. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ The park is worth your visit. I hope you will have fun. However, it's important to behave well in the park.Littering isn't allowed.You should keep the park clean. Remember to wait for your turn anytime. Moreover, it's impolite to shout loudly in public.