英语※1.基础语法(五)介词
时间介词1.Timisgoingtogivehisfatherasurprise____Father'sDay.(2016,青岛)A.inB.atC.onD.by2.(导学号:05472104)—You'vebeenhere____amonth.Don'tyoumissyourparents?(2016,荆门)—Yes,Iplantocomebackhome________amonth.A.in,inB.after,afterC.for,afterD.for,in3.____theexam,we'llsaygoodbyetoourdearteachers,classmatesaswellasourbeautifulschool.(2016,北海)A.InB.ForC.AfterD.ThroughCDC
4.—Whenwereyouborn?—Iwasborn____acoldwintermorningin1994.A.inB.atC.onD.of5.—Whattimedoyouusuallygotoschool,Jack?—____abouthalfpastseven.(2015,盐城)A.OnB.InC.AtD.For方位介词6.—Couldyoutellmetheway____therailwaystation?(2016,天津)—Goalongthisroadandsoonyou'llfindit.A.atB.toC.inD.betweenCDC
7.MariaisleavingforFrancesoonbyair.Shewillarrive____Paris________themorningofAugust8th.(2016,营口)A.at,inB.in,onC.in,inD.at,on8.—WouldyoupleasetellmethewaytothePacificHotel?—Go____thepostoffice,andyou'llfinditontheleft.A.passB.pastC.topassD.passed9.Cambridgeisasmallcity____theeastofEngland.A.betweenB.withC.inD.underBBC
10.Inthepicture,thechairis____thetable.(2016,南京)A.underB.onC.aboveD.beside其他介词11.Agoodstudentconnectswhathereads____whatheseesaroundhim.(2016,苏州)A.forB.withC.inD.on12.Youcanbuyalmosteverything____theInternet,andit'sveryeasy.(2016,天津)A.intoB.forC.atD.on13.Manyyoungpeopleputmobilegames____anythingelse,thinkinglittleoftheirnormallives.(2016,广东)A.alongwithB.beforeC.behindD.infrontofDBDB
14.ManycitiesinChina,____Beijing,havebeendeeplyaffectedbydirtyair.A.includingB.behindC.withoutD.beyond15.—Howcanweprotectourselves____theearthquake?—Weshouldstaycalmfirst.A.withB.aboutC.forD.from16.Benwashelpinghismotherwhentherainbegantobeatheavily____thewindows.(2015,杭州)A.belowB.acrossC.behindD.against17.Welcometoourstore.Wehaveskirts____allcolors________$16each.(2015,烟台)A.at,inB.in,forC.at,atD.in,inADDB
分类例词表示时间in,at,on,between,since,for,during,until,till,by,from,to,by,before,past表示方位in,at,on,around,before,infrontof,between,behind,beside,near,under,above,below,nextto,among表示往返的方向to,towards,round,around,through,across,from…to,into,outof,off,along其他by,to,like,unlike,of,except,about,against,with,but,as,without
特例清单1.in通常用在世纪、年份、季节、月份、上午、下午、晚上等词前,但后面接时间段,意为“在……之后”,用于将来时态;而after意为“在……之后”,要用于一般过去时。如:①We'llbebackintwodays.我们两天后回来。②Afterheheardthat,heleftquickly.听到那后,他迅速离开了。2.for和since在表示时间时,一般用于完成时,for与时间段连用,since与时间点连用。如:Shehasworkedtherefortwoyears.=Shehasworkedtheresincetwoyearsago.她在那上班两年了。
3.表示位置时,in表示某一小地点在另一大地点之内;on表示两个地点相互接壤;to则表示两个地点互不接壤,并有一定的距离。如:TaiwanisinthesouthestofChina.台湾位于中国的东南部。ShandongisonthenorthofHenan.山东位于河南的北部。JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中国东部。4.between表示“在两者之间”,而among表示“在三者或三者以上之中”。但当between用于三者或三者以上时,强调“两两之间”,侧重指人或物各自独立;而among强调彼此不分离。如:Heisthetalleronebetweenthem.他俩之间,他更高点。Maryisthetallestamongthegirls.在女孩中玛丽是最高的。
5.表示方位时,on表示一个物体的位置在另一个物体之上,两者的表面相接触;above表示一个物体比另一个物体所处的位置高,通常两个物体表面不接触;over表示“在……的正上方”,强调在垂直的上方。如:Mykeysareonthefloor.我的钥匙在地上。Thelightisrightaboveherhead.灯正好在她头上。Thebirdisflyingovertheriver.那鸟在河面上飞。6.with,in,by三者都可以译为“用”,但用法不同:with表示用某种工具,所用的东西都是具体的物品;in表示某种材料、语言、声调等;by表示用某种方法或手段,多指使用某种交通工具。如:CanyousayitinChinese?你能用汉语说它吗?Weseewitheyes.我们用眼睛看。Hegoestoschoolbybike.他骑自行车上学。
7.besides和except都可译为“除……之外”,但含义不同:besides表示“除……以外,还有”,指在整体中加入一部分,含义是肯定的;except表示“从整体中除去一部分”,含义是否定的。如:Weallhadfunbesideshim.除了他以外,我们玩得开心。(他也开心)Weallhadfunexcepthim.除了他以外,我们玩得开心。(他不开心)8.insteadof意为“代替”,后面接名词、代词或动名词;而instead是副词,意为“代替,顶替”,在句子中作状语,后面不能接任何成分。如:He'llgoabroadinsteadofhisbrother.他将代替他弟弟出国。Let'sgotothezooinstead.让我们去动物园。
9.across和through均可译为“从这一边到另一边”,但用法不同:across的含义与on有关,表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的;而through的含义与in有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行的。如:Don'trunacrossastreetsuddenly.不要突然横穿街道。Shewalkedthroughthegate.她从大门走进来。
18.—Wholookedafteryoursickgrandmotherinhospital?(2016,鄂州)—Myfatherdidthat____.Hedidn'twantanybodyelse'shelp.A.infactB.inpersonC.intotalD.indisagreement19.Xiaoganiswellknown____thecultureof“Xiao”.(2016,孝感)A.inB.forC.atD.on20.(导学号:05472105)—____mysurprise,JinMingwaschosenintoourschoolfootballteam.—Congratulations.Hedidwell__________playingfootballwhenhewasveryyoung.Ihopehe'llbethebestplayerinourschool.(2015,黄冈)A.To,ofB.At,atC.To,inD.In,aboutBCB
21.—Jack,youseemtobe____.—Yes.It's8:20nowandmytrainleavesintenminutes.(2015,盐城)A.inahurryB.infearC.insafetyD.insilence22.—Ithinkdrinkingmilkeverymorningisgood____ourhealth.—Yes.Iagree________you.(2015,咸宁)A.to,toB.with,toC.at,withD.for,with23.TheDragonBoatFestivaliscelebrated____differentways________thesametimeindifferentplaceseveryyear.(2016,茂名)A.on,inB.in,atC.on,atADB
介词+名词athome在家里;atschool在学校;atnight在晚上;atwork在工作;atsea在大海上;atthesametime同时;attimes有时;atthemoment在此刻;afterawhile过了一会;bytheway顺便说;bythetime到……时候;byturns轮流;bymistake错误地;inhospital住院;inthehospital在医院;intheend最后;inorderto以便;inthedaytime在白天;intime及时;inEnglish用英语;inthefuture将来的某个时刻;infuture(整个)将来;infact事实上;ontheway在路上;onshow展出;ondisplay陈列;onfire着火;onduty值日;ontheotherhand另一方面;onfoot步行;onbusiness出差;onboard在船(飞机)上;onholiday在休假;onthetelephone在接(打)电话;ontime准时;ontheleft/right在左边/右边;onsale在出售;onwatch值班;ontheearth在地球上;withpleasure很乐意;withone'shelp在某人的帮助下
be+形容词+介词beamazedat对……感到惊讶;beangrywith生(某人的)气;beafraidof害怕;bebusywith忙于做……;begoodat擅长于;beexcitedabout对……感到兴奋;bekindto对……和善;beinterestedin对……感兴趣;befamousfor因……而著名;belatefor迟到;bepopularwith受……欢迎;bepleasedwith对……感到满意;beproudof对……感到骄傲;bereadyfor为……准备好;besatisfiedwith对……满意;beworriedabout为……担心
动词+介词agreewith同意;askfor请求;beginwith以……开始;comefrom出生,来自;dieof死于;geton/off上车/下车;fill…with用……装;falloff从……落下;hearfrom收到(某人)的信;hearof听说;lookat看;gotobed去睡觉;gotoschool去上学;lookfor寻找;lookafter照顾;listento听……;payfor付钱;pointto指向;pointat指着;sendfor派人去叫;talkabout谈论;thinkabout考虑;waitfor等候;writeto写信给……;worryabout担心;laughat嘲笑;fallbehind落在……后面;knockat敲
介词+名词+介词atthefootof在……脚下;onthetopof在……顶端;inthemiddleof在……中间;inthefrontof在……前面;atthebeginningof起初;bytheendof到……为止;attheageof在……岁时
特例清单1.infrontof和inthefrontof只差一个定冠词the,但用法不同;前者意为“在……的前面”,前后所指的内容不存在包含关系;而后者意为“在……的前部”,前后所指的内容存在包含关系。如:Sheissittinginthefrontofthehall.她坐在大厅前面。Heissittinginfrontofme.他坐在我前面。2.inthetree和onthetree都可以译为“在树上”,但用法不同;前者inthetree一般指本身不是树上的事物,而后者onthetree一般指树上本身长的东西。如:Thereisakiteinthetree.树上有个风筝。Therearesomeapplesonthetree.树上有些苹果。
3.inthewall表示嵌在墙里,而onthewall表示在墙的表面。如:Thereisaholeinthewall.墙上有个洞。Thereisamaponthewall.墙上有一幅地图。4.“在太阳下”用inthesun,“在某人的帮助下”用withone'shelp或withthehelpofsb.。如:Don'treadinthesun.别在太阳下看书。Withtheteacher'shelp,Igotsomeprogress.在老师的帮助下,我取得了一些进步。