英语中考总复习并列句与复合句优质

并列连词 要点一：并列连词的用法⑴表示联合关系的并列连词and,both…and,neither…nor,notonly...butalso,aswellas.e.g.Iamateacherandheisadoctor.②BothhisfatherandhismotherlikewatchingTV. ③Neitherhenorsheisathometoday.④NotonlytheyoungbutalsotheoldcanspeakEnglishthere.⑤Tomaswellashisfriendswantstogohiking. ⑵表示转折关系的并列连词but,while,however,yeteg:Iwanttohelpyou,butIreallydon'tknowwhattodo.IlikemathwhilemybrotherlikesChinese.Wearetiredafterthetour.However,wearehappy.④Sheworkedhard,yetshefailed. ⑶表示选择关系的并列连词or,either…oreg：Doyouoftengotoschoolbybikeoronfoot?Eitheryouorhehastogo. ⑷表示因果关系的连词for,soeg:Theshopwasquitenew,forithadopenedonlytheweekbefore.Itwaslate,sowewenthome. Exercise1.Mr.GreencametoChinain2000____hehaslivedhereeversince.A.andB.orC.butD.so2.____you____yourbrothercanjoinus.Wewantoneofyou.A.Both;andB.Neither;norC.Either;orD.Notonly;butalso 3.Bruceisaqueitstudent,____heisactiveinclass.A.soB.andC.butD.or4.Noneoftheshoesintheshoparetherightsize.Theyare___toobig___toosmall.A.both;andB.neither;norC.either;orD.notonly;butalso 5.I’mlookingforababysitter.Shemustbe____tooold_____tooyoung.A.neither;norB.both;andC.either;orD.notonly;butalso6.—Iwon’tgotothepartytomorrow.—________youtoldmeyouwould.What’shappening?A.ButB.SoC.AndD.Or 7.Stopcuttingtrees,_______theearthwillbecomeworseandworse.A.andB.butC.orD.then8.Iknow___Ipromisedtotakeyoutodinner,butIwon'tfinishworkinguntilteno'clock.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.why 并列句和复合句 含有两个或者更多的相互并列的主谓结构的句子叫并列句。并列句中各分句之间是并列的，无从属关系。并列句eg:Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthepupil’snameisJohn.主系表+主系表简单句：主+谓You,heandIaregoodfriends.Hurryup,oryou’llmisstheearlybus.主谓=句子Onecannotseewind,however,itdoesexist.两个句子 ①and连接两个或两个以上的句子成分时，不构成并列句。eg：You,sheandIareallstudents.简单句其他用法②both…and,neither…nor连接两个句子成分时，仍属于简单句。eg：BothheandIlikeEnglish.MartinstudiesneitherEnglishnorSpanish. 并列句不一定用并列连词构成，有时可能用逗号或分号说明两个分句之间的意义为并列关系。eg：Themoonwentdown;thestarsgrewpale;thecolddaybroke;thesunrose.Hurryup,it’sgettinglate.不含并列连词的并列句 复合句就是由主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只能作全句的一个句子成分，需要通过从属连词、关系代词、关系副词、连接副词等与主句连接起来。一、宾语从句主谓宾二、定语从句三、状语从句主语从句表语从句句子成分：主语谓语宾语补语表语定语状语复合句 宾语从句在复合句中可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词和某些形容词的宾语。连词并列（并列句）从属（从句）1.及物动词后的宾语从句(动宾从句)⑴由从属连词that,if,whether引导。是否if如果条件状语从句eg:Ithinkthat(he'llreturninanhour).主+谓+宾语（一个句子）Heaskedmeif/whetherMissGaowasateacher.宾语从句 ⑵由连接代词what,which,who,whose及wh-ever引导。在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。eg:Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.whatsheshoulddonext.陈述sheshoulddo______ｎｅｘｔ　？Canyoutellmewhomyouarewaitingfor?宾语从句 ⑶由连接副词why,where,when,how引导,在句中担任状语的成分。eg：Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?Doyourememberhowhecame?主+谓语+宾语时态语序引导词宾语从句 （4）介词后面的宾语从句（介宾从句）eg：Aliceissorryforwhatshesaid.ShealwaysthinksofhowshecanimproveherspokenEnglish.宾语从句 ⑸某些形容词后的宾语从句eg：Iamgladthatyoucanjoinus.Iamsorry（that）Iamlate.宾语从句 2.引导词it代表宾语从句在“及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，为了平衡句子结构，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句置于宾语补足语的后面。Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.+todo....形式主语eg:Ithinkitnecessary(thatweshoulddomorepracticeinEnglishlearning).it=thatweshoulddomorepracticeinEnglishlearning真正的宾语宾语从句 3.宾语从句的语序宾语从句必须是陈述语序，即按照主语+谓语的顺序。eg:HeaskedmewhatIdidyesterdayafternoon.Doyouknowwhywinteriscolderthansummer.宾语从句 4.宾语从句的时态(1)当主句中谓语是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响，可以按需要使用任何时态。eg:Ihear（that）he'llbebackinafewdays.主：一般现在时态从：一般将来Ihearhecamebackafewdaysago.主：一般现在从：一般过去宾语从句 (2)当主句谓语是过去时态时，从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时态，以便保持与主句谓语动词时态的一致。eg:Shesaidshewasmuchbetterthanbefore.主：过去时从：一般过去Shesaidshewasreadingastorybookatsevenyesterday.主：一般过去从：过去进行Hetoldmethathewouldtakegoodcareofthebaby.主：过去从句：过去将来Shesaidtheyhadseenthisfilmseveraltimes.主：过去从：过去完成宾语从句 5.否定转移在主从复合句中，当主句的主语谓第一人称，谓语动词是think、believe、suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。eg:Idon'tthinkhewillcomewithyou.Idon’tthinkyouareright.宾语从句 6.宾语从句的简化(1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。eg:IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.=Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail.宾语从句 (2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时，从句可简化为"疑问词+不定式"结构。eg:Shedoesn'tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn'tknowwhattodonext.宾语从句