从属连词
从属连词的用法1.引导宾语从句的从属连词⑴that引导宾语从句e.g.Ithinkthathelikesfootball.
连词that引导宾语从句时，that在句子中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。e.g.Hesaid(that)Jackwasgoodatswimming.Mikesaid(that)hewasfeelingill.
⑵if,whether表示“是否”时，两个词都能引导宾语从句。eg：Idon’tknowif/whetherTimcome.Iwonderif/whetherIcanborrowyourcar?if和whether引导宾语从句时，一般情况下可以互换。If一般在口语中用的比较多，whether在书面语和正式场合下用的比较多。
引导宾语从句，以下情况下只用whether不用if。①与动词不定式连用时e.g.Idon’tknowwhethertogo.②在介词后面作宾语时e.g.I’mworriedaboutwhethershecancomehereontime.③与ornot连用时e.g.Idon’tknowwhethertohaveapartyornot.IaskedmyfatherwhetherornotIshouldbuyabike.
④宾语从句前置时e.g.Whetherthisistrue,Ican’tsay.Ican’tsaywhether/ifthisistrue⑤用if会引起歧义时if如果if是否e.g.Please let me knowwhetheryou like it.⑥在discuss后e.g.We’rediscussingwhetherwe’llholdasportsmeeting.Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.
2.引导状语从句的从属连词(1)引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有：when,while,as,before,after,until/till,since,assoonas等。①when,while当...的时候e.g.HewasdoinghishomeworkwhenIcamein.Icameinwhen/whilehewasdoinghishomework.As/When/Whilehewasdoinghishomework,Icamein.
②before"在...之前"；after"在...之后“e.g.I'llstayherebeforemymothercomesback.Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknowyourdecision.③until"直到....."e.g.Iknewnothingaboutituntilhetoldme.
④since"自从....以来"e.g.It'sfiveyearssinceIstudiedEnglish.IhavelivedinBeijingsinceIcametoChina.⑤assoonas"一....就....“e.g.I‘llcallyouassoonasIgetthere.主将从现
(2)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：as,because,since等。e.g.Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.Sinceeverybodyishere,let‘sbegin.既然，鉴于We'dbetterhurryasitisgettinglate.
(3)引导地点状语从句的从属连词有：where,wherever等。e.g.Wherevershemaybe,shewillbehappy.Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.
(4)引导条件状语从句的从属连词：if,unless（除非）,aslongas只要等。e.g.Hewillnotcomeunlessheisinvited.You'llbelatefortheclassifyoudon'thurry.Aslongasyou’rehappy,itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudo.
(5)引导目的状语从句的从属连词：sothat,inorderthate.g.Hegetsupearlyeverymorningsothathecancatchthefirstbus.IcamehereinorderthatImighttakeagoodlookatthenewbridge.
(6)引导结果状语从句的从属连词：so....that,such....that等。如此…以致于…e.g.IworkedsohardthatIgotthefirstplace.IworkedsuchhardthatIgotfirstplace.Heshutthewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.
(7)引导让步状语从句的从属连词：though/although,evenif/eventhough等。e.g.Evenifyouwerehereyesterday,youcouldn’thelphim.Thoughheisold,hestillworkshard.
↗a/an+adj.+名词=so+adj.+a/an+名词⑴such+that从句↘adj.+不可数名词/可数复数eg：Heissuchacleverboythatwealllikehim.suchacleverboy=socleveraboy⑵so修饰形容词或副词so+adj./adv.+that从句eg：Heissocleveraboythatwealllikehim.⑶当复数名词前有many,much,few,little等表示数量多少的形容词时用such.eg：Heissuchalittleboythathecan'treadorwrite.
both 1.代词：意为“两者都”,谓语动词用复数。eg：Both of us are from America.=We are both Americans.2.形容词：修饰名词时，名词使用复数。eg：Bothhiseyeswereseriouslyburned.3.连词：与and 连用，意为“两者都”连接主语时谓语动词用复数。eg:Both my brother and I are football players.
either1.代词:意为“两者中的任何一个”,谓语动词用单数。eg:Eitherofthegirlsisverybeautiful.2.形容词:修饰名词时，名词使用单数。eg:Eithergirlisverybeautiful.3.连词:与or连用：either…or…意为“不是...就是...，要么...要么...，或者...或者”连接两个并列的句子成分（连接主语时，谓语动词就近原则）eg:EitheryouorIamwrong.
neither1.代词:意为“两者中任何一方都不”both的反义词，作主语时谓语动词用单数。eg:Neitherofthebooksismine.2.形容词:修饰名词时，名词使用单数。eg:Neitherboycanswim.3.连词:与nor连用：neither…nor…意为“既不…也不…”连接两个并列的句子成分（连接主语时，谓语动词就近选择）eg:NeitherInorheisateacher.
though和although虽然….但是….①although和though同义，在一般情况下，可以互换使用。buteg：Though/Althoughmycarisveryold,Idon'twanttobuyanewone.=Mycarisveryold,butIdon'twanttobuyanewone.②even能和though组合表示强调，但even不能和although组合。eg：Eventhoughwecouldaffordit,wewouldn'tgoabroadforourvocation.③当让步状语从句指某种假设情况时，通常用though,而不用although。eg：Thoughalltheworldwereagainstme,Ishouldstillholdtomyopinion.④though可以独立用作副词，常放在句末。eg：Shedidn'ttellmewhatshehaddone,butIknowitthough.
Exercise1.Peterwillcookforherparents___theInternationalDayofFamiliescome.A.unlessB.whenC.untilD.though2.Myfatherlikereadinganewspaper___heishavingbreakfast.A.untilB.whileC.becauseD.though
Exercise3.Friendsshouldhelpeachother____theyareintrouble.A.beforeB.whenC.butD.and4.Mymomtookmetothepark____shewashedtheclothes.A.afterB.nowC.whatD.which
Exercise5.---Whatshallwedonow?---____it'sraininghard,let'sstayathome.A.SoB.SinceC.ThoughD.If6._______theyaretwinbrothers,theydon’tlooklikeeachother.A.ThoughB.SinceC.HoweverD.When
Exercise7.Insummer,foodgoesbadeasily______itisputintherefrigerator.A.untilB.ifC.unless8.---WouldyoupleasegivethisbooktoMary?---Sure,I'llgiveittoher___shecomesback.A.beforeB.assoonasC.till
Exercise9.Thelittleboyis________young_______hecan’tgotoschool.A.enough;toB.too;toC.so;thatD.such;that10.Myunclehasbeentaughtinthisschool_______hewastwentyyearsold.A.sinceB.forC.untilD.after
Exercise11.___yougo,aminuteis60seconds,anhouris60minutes,andadayis24hours.A.whereverB.whereC.wheneverD.when12.Afterclimbingthehill,Iwas____tried____Icouldhardlywalk.A.so;thatB.such;thatC.as;asD.notso;as
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