涉江采芙蓉课件
预习检测:南朝梁代兰陵人,文学家,梁武帝(萧衍)的长子。世称“昭明太子”。是我国,收集秦汉以来的文学作品,共三十卷,也称《昭明文选》。涉:遗:还:shèhuánwèi萧统最早的一部各类文学作品的选集《文选》
《古诗十九首》:组诗名,古代汉族诗集,属于五言诗。是乐府古诗文人化的显著标志。为南朝萧统从传世无名氏《古诗》中选录十九首编入《昭明文选》(又称《文选》)而成。《古诗十九首》深刻地再现了文人在汉末社会思想大转变时期,追求的幻灭与沉沦,心灵的觉醒与痛苦。艺术上语言朴素自然,描写生动真切,具有天然浑成的艺术风格。同时,《古诗十九首》所抒发的,是人生最基本、最普遍的几种情感和思绪,令古往今来的读者常读常新。的《文心雕龙》称它为。文学常识刘勰“五言之冠冕”
1、整体把握全诗,结合注释,用散文化的语言叙述文意。新授内容渡江去采摘荷花,生有兰草的沼泽中长满了香草。采来的荷花要送给谁呢?自己所思念的人正远在天涯。回头看那故乡啊,漫长的道路无边无际又渺渺!感情深厚却两地分居,在愁苦忧伤中慢慢变老。
2、本首诗的前四句描绘了一幅怎样的画面(意境),表达了怎样的情感?(1)诗人借助芙蓉、兰泽、芳草等意象描绘了一幅高洁、清幽(特点)的画面。(2)表达了对游子的思念之情。(情感)
意象和情感:月亮:思乡、思亲;人生的园满、缺憾;幽静、美好杨柳:离别、留恋、伤感、春天的美好;菊花:高洁、隐逸梧桐:凄凉悲伤浮云:漂泊杜鹃:凄凉、哀伤鹧鸪:悲凉鸿雁:思乡怀亲之情、羁旅伤感、指代书信
①描绘图景画面②概括氛围特点③分析作者情感诗歌画面赏析题:
3、这首诗运用了哪些表现手法?请结合具体诗句简要分析。⑴借景抒情(以乐景衬哀情)⑵主人公和众人一起采摘着莲花,这是一幅美好、欢乐的采莲画面。主人公却不知道将莲花怎样送给远方的游子。⑶在欢乐的背景中抒写独自怀远的忧伤,正具有以“乐”衬“哀”的强烈效果。写出了对远方游子的思念。
训练检测(一)知识点检测本首诗的前四句描绘了一幅怎样的画面(意境),表达了怎样的情感?(1)诗人借助芙蓉、兰泽、芳草等意象描绘了一幅高洁、清幽(特点)的画面。(2)表达了对游子的思念之情。(情感)
训练检测1.还顾望旧乡,长路漫浩浩。2.同心而离居,忧伤以终老。3.大鹏、丹凤,意象豪迈;北海、太阳、路茫茫,意境开阔;携书佩剑,显示出既儒雅又刚健的气概。【关键点提示】此词突出的表现手法是虚实相生。上阕,“白苎新袍入嫩凉”实写送别的季节——初秋、天气环境——微凉、被送者的衣着——白苎新袍;“春蚕食叶响回廊。禹门已准桃花浪,月殿先收桂子香”是虚写,想象仲秋时节廓之参加秋试的情景、此次秋试的结果以及下一年参加春闱的结果,虚实结合。下阕,“鹏北海,凤朝阳。又携书剑路茫茫”用比喻的手法实写廓之携书剑登程的情景,实中有虚,以虚喻实,喻体“鹏北海,凤朝阳”意境豪迈雄壮,充满对廓之的鼓励;“明年此日青云去,却笑人间举子忙”完全是虚写,想象廓之连中两试后轻松愉快的心情,表达了对廓之的美好祝福,虚实相生。
反思归纳意象和情感:月亮:思乡、思亲;人生的园满、缺憾;幽静、美好杨柳:离别、留恋、伤感、春天的美好;菊花:高洁、隐逸梧桐:凄凉悲伤浮云:漂泊杜鹃:凄凉、哀伤鹧鸪:悲凉鸿雁:思乡怀亲之情、羁旅伤感、指代书信
动词不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式
结构:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoing--------------------
(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)
1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用
三.用法/功能Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.(1).主语单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.isis(2).表语
Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(3)宾语think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:hope,refuse,learn,setoutchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.
Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.(4).宾补五看watchseelookatobservenotice三使letmakehave二听listentohear一感觉:feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等
e.g.Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).注意1>help后面的“to”可省去e.g.Theyoftenhelpthegrandma(to)carrywater.2>see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat等表示感觉和let,make,have等表示使役的动词后面,不定式作宾语时要省“to”(注:被动语态不省to)
3>不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(3).Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep.
Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(5).定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.
不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词的后面,而且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系:(1)动宾关系Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。
2.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。e.g.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.他在找一个房间住。e.g.Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.他没钱没地方住。
4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。e.g.Doyouhaveanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗
Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)状语(表示目的或结果)inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too….to.,在一些短语中也有体现
(7).独立结构tobefrank,tobehonest,Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.类似的结构
(8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.他不知道说什么。(宾语)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语)Myquestioniswhentostart.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)注意:在与why连用时,只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whynothavearest?
关于不定式中的小品词to(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.eg:Wouldyouliketogowithme?I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.eg:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?I’dliketobe.
exercise
Myteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.beingBDC
4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffBDC
几对易混淆的词组:stoptodosth.停止去做某事doingsth.停止正在做...forgettodosth.忘记去做...doingsth.忘记已做了...remembertodosth.记得去做...doingsth.记得曾经做...
7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudyBA
9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.----Whynot___therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogoBDB
12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingreadAAC
Exercise
1.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake3.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects
4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit6.Themotherdidn’tknow____toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why
7.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning8.Weagreed____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto
10.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented
13.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep15.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake
1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_______________arebothgreathappiness.2中国人民决不会征服。TheChinesepeoplerefuse_________________3据说他已经完成了他的工作。Heissaid__________________________.4根据报道他们已安全到达。Theyarereported____________________Toloveandtobelovedtogivein/beconqueredtohavefinished/completedhisworktohavearrivedsafely
5我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。Iwantthisbike___________________________.6玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。Maryseemed_____________________________.7众所周知,奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。Heisknown________________agoldmedalattheOlympic.toberepairedatonce/immediatelytohavebeentoldaboutittohavebeengiven
HewasoverheardtosaythathehopedJohnwouldresign.Peterwasmadetowaitoutside.Hewasheardtounlockthedoorandgoout.Themanwasseentoshootthewomanonthestreet.Theoldladywasnoticedtowipeherfacewithahandkerchief.
Iforgottoaskyoutogotothebank.Itisveryimportanttoturnofftheelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.Iknowhowtomakeamouseoutofmyhandkerchief.Luckily,wedon’thavemuchmoreworktodo.Shewasverypleasedtohavetheopportunitytotravelwhileshewasyoung.Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork,andnowhergreatestwishistogetmarriedandhaveachild.
…startedpushing/topush……promisedtogo……adviseyoutoeat……beganshouting/toshout……avoidfalling……forgettocall……feltlikethrowing……letthemstay…a.totellb.spendinga.puttingb.tochecka.talkingb.tomakec.todrinka.togetb.thinking