哈姆雷特的性格浅析

+-24中南大学高等教育自学考试毕业论文(设计)论文题目：哈姆雷特的性格浅析报考专业：英语考生姓名：文姣考籍号：010309102358报考所在地：湖南省长沙市工作单位：湖南省外贸职院邮政编码：41011424 ANALYSISOFTHECHARACTEROFHAMLETbyWenJiao(010309102358)March10,2011HunanForeignEconomicRelations&TradeCollege24 AcknowledgementsHereandnow,Iextendmythankstowhosewhohavehelpedmemakethesethesispossibleandbetter.First,IammostindebtedtomyteacherSherry,whohasspentmuchofherprecioustimeinofferingvaluableadviceandguidanceinmywriting,andwhoseintellectualinsightshavecontributedgreatlytothecompletionofthisthesis.Hadshenotdevotedherpainstakingeffortstoreadingpatientlyeachdraftandmakingcriticalcomments,thecompletionofthisthesiswouldhavebeenimpossible.Myspecialthanksalsogotoallmyteacherswhoseinspiringlectureshavehadanundoubtedinfluenceonmuchofthecontentofmythesis.IwouldliketoextendmyheartfeltgratitudetotheauthorswhosewordsIhavecitedorquoted,andtothescholarsuponwhoseideasIhavefreelydrawn.24 24ContentsAbstract······························i摘要·································ii　Introduction······························1Chapter1BackgroundKnowledgeofShakespeareandHamlet······························21.1ABriefIntroductionaboutWilliamShakespeare········51.2IntroductionaboutHamlet·····················7Chapter2AnalyzetheCharacterofHamlet ················82.1HavinganEmotionalSoul························102.2DaringandBravery····························122.3Suspicion··································1424 2.4Delay································18Chapter3TheMainReasonLeadingtotheFormationofHamlet'sCharacter····································193.1TheMarkoftheTimes···························203.2SocialFactors····························213.3EnvironmentalFactors·························22Chapter4TheSocialSignificanceofHamlet··················23Conclusion··································242424Bibliography·······························2524 24AbstractWilliamShakespeare,themostremarkableplaywrightandapoetofEnglandintheperiodoftheRenaissanceinEuropean,anoutstandingrepresentativeofhumanitarianism,isoneofthefoundersofmodernEuropeanliterature.Inhisworks,24 Hamlet,oneofthefourtragedies,isconsideredthesummitofShakespeare’sart.Itportraysanoblehero,whofacestheinjusticeofhumanlifeandiscaughtindifficultsituationandwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholenation.Buttheheroalsohashisweaknessofnature:Hamlet,themelancholicscholar-prince,facesthedilemmabetweenactionandmind.Hewasditheryanddelayed.Inthispaper,themaintargetistoanalyzethecharacterofHamlet.ThroughtheoverviewoftheplotofHamlet,andthedescriptionoftheheroineHamlet’swordsanddeeds,themaincharactersofHamletinHamletwereshown---havinganemotionalsoul,daringandbravery,suspicion,anddelayhaveanalyzed.ThisthesisalsoanalyzesthecausesandthebackgroundoftheformationofHamlet’scharacter,andthendrawsforththesocialsignificancesofHamlet.Keywords:Hamlet,Analysisofthecharacter,Reasons24 摘要威廉•莎士比亚是是欧洲文艺复兴时期英国最伟大的剧作家和诗人，卓越的人文主义思想的代表，近代欧洲文学的奠基者之一。在其所创作的作品中，四大悲剧之一的《哈姆雷特》被认为是其巅峰之作。该剧中塑造了一位高尚人物，他直面人生的不公平，并陷入了艰难的困境，他的命运又与国家的命运息息相关。但是他又有自己性格上的弱点：哈姆雷特，一个忧郁的学者型王子，在采取行动与深思熟虑之间进退两难，有着犹豫不定，延宕的一面。本文主要是对哈姆雷特这一人物形象的性格浅析：通过概述《哈姆雷特》主要的故事情节以及对主人公哈姆雷特言行的描写，分析出哈姆雷特在《哈姆雷特》中呈现的主要性格——有情感，勇敢，多疑，延宕的性格特征。论文还进一步的分析了形成哈姆雷特性格的成因和背景，然后指出《哈姆雷特》的社会意义。关键词：哈姆雷特，性格浅析，原因24 IntroductionHamlet(1601years)istheShakespeare'smasterpieceoftragedy.ItwasbasedonawidespreadlegendinnorthernEurope.Hamlet，theprinceofDenmark,wasrevengeforhisfather.BeforeShakespeare，thisstorywasbeingadaptedtothepopularplaywhichisonrevenge.ButShakespearemadeitintogold,thatisthecontentandtheformoftheplaybecamenew.HamletwasspectacularintheEuropeandramatichistory.Hamletwassetinmedievalimperialpower,throughthestorythatHamletrevengedforhisfather,itportrayedtheBritishandEuropeansocietyinthelateRenaissancereally.AnditexpressedtheintrospectiontoRenaissanceanddeepconcerntotheperson'sdestinyandfuture.Inthispaper,themaintargetistoanalyzethecharacterofHamlet,thenexplainthereasonsoftheformationofhischaracter.ThomashardywasoneoftherepresentativesofEnglishcriticalrealismattheturnofthe19thcentury.Duringhiswholelife,Hardywrotealotofnovels,whichwerecharacterizedbysharpsocialcriticismandpessimisticbeliefinmysticfate.theyalwayspresentthelosingstruggleofindividualsagainstthesocialpressure.Inthisrespect,noneofthesenovelsserversasabetterillustrationthanhismasterpieceTessfaithfullypresents."Publishedin1891,TessoftheD’UbervillesisoneofHardy’slastandmostimportantnovels,ittellusthetragiclifestoryofanintelligentandsensitivecountrygirl,sheturnsfromasimleandnativegirltoawomanwhocommitssupposedly24 Chapter1BackgroundKnowledgeofShakespeareandHamlet1.1ABriefIntroductionaboutWilliamShakespeareWilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)isoneofthemostremarkableplaywrightsandpoetstheworldhaseverknown.Withhis38plays,154sonnetsand2longpoems,hehasestablishedhisgiantpositioninworldliterature.Hehasalsobeengiventhehighestpraisesbyvariousscholarsandcriticstheworldover.Inthepastfourhundredyearsorso,booksandessaysonShakespeareandhisworkshavekeptcomingoutinlargequantities.WilliamShakespearewasbornprobablyonApril23,1564,intoamerchant’sfamilyinStratford-on-Avon.Hisfather,JohnShakespeare,whowasvariouslydescribedasglover,wool-dealer,farmer,andbutcher,wasamanofsomeimportanceinthetown,repeatedlyservingasamemberofthetowncouncil.ShakespearespenthischildhoodinthatbeautifulmarkettownandattendedtheStratfordGrammarSchool.Hisrealteacherswerenatureanditspeoplethatsurroundedhim.In1582,ShakespearemarriedAnneHathaway,awomanseveralyearshissenior.Shegavebirthtothreechildren:Susannaandthetwins,JudithandHamlet.ItwasprobablybecausehehadtosupporthisgrowingfamilythatShakespeareleftStratfordforLondonin1586or1587.24 ShakespearewenttoLondonwhichaffordedawonderfulenvironmentforthedevelopmentofdrama.Shakespeareworkedbothasactorandplaywright.HeactedwithandwrotefortheLordChamberlain’sMen,whichwaslaterrenamedtheKing’Men.ShakespeareestablishedhimselfsowellasaplaywrightthatRobertGreene,oneofthe“UniversityWits,”resentfullydeclaredhimtobe“anupstartcrow.”Fromabout1591toabout1611,Shakespearewasintheprimeofhisdramaticcareerandhisplayscomeoutoneafteranother.Shakespearedidnotconfinehisgeniusmerelytothetheatre.In1593and1594,hepublishedtwonarrativepoems,VenusandAdonisandTheRapeofLucrece,bothofwhichwerededicatedtotheEarlofSouthampton.Healsowrotesonnets,whichwerepublishedin1609.By1597,ShakespearewassoprosperousthatheboughtthelargesthouseinStratford,knownasNewPlace.About1610ShakespeareleftLondonandretiredtoStratford,thoughthecontinuedtowriteforsometime.HediedonApril23,1616.AstheprecisedatesofmanyofShakespeare’splaysarestillindoubt,criticsholddifferentviewstothedivisionofhisdramaticcareer.Butgenerallyhisdramaticcareerisdividedintofourperiods.ThefirstperiodofShakespeare’sdramaticcareerwasoneofapprenticeship.Hewrotefivehistoryplays:HenryⅥ,PartsⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅢ,RichardⅢ,andTitusAndronicus;andfourcomedies:TheComedyofErrors,TheTwoGentlemenof24 Verona,TheTamingoftheShrew,andLove’sLabour’sLost.Inthesecondperiod,Shakespeare’sstyleandapproachbecamehighlyindividualized.Byconstructingacomplexpatternbetweendifferentcharactersandbetweenappearanceandreality,Shakespearemadesubtlecommentsonavarietyofhumanfoibles.Inthisperiodhewrotefivehistories:RichardⅡ,KingJohn,HenryⅣ,PartsⅠandⅡ,andHenryⅤ;sixcomedies:AMidsummerNight’sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,MuchAdoAboutNothing,AsYouLikeIt,TwelfthNight,andTheMerryWivesofWindsor;andtwotragedies:RomeoandJulietandJuliusCaesar.Shakespeare’sthirdperiodincludeshisgreatesttragediesandhisso-calleddarkcomedies.ThetragediesofthisperiodareHamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth,AntonyandCleopatra,TroilusandCressida,andCoriolanus.ThetwocomediesareAll’sWellThatEndsWellandMeasureforMeasure.ThelastperiodofShakespeare’sworkincludeshisprincipalromantictragicomedies:Pericles,Cymbeline,TheWinter’sTaleandTheTempest;andhistwofinalplays:HenryⅧandTheTwoNobleKinsmen.24 1.2IntroductionaboutHamletHamlet,thefirstofthegreattragedies,isgenerallyregardedasShakespeare’smostpopularplayonthestage.TheplayisaboutHamlet,theprinceofDenmark,whotriestoavengehisfather’smurder.Theplotofthetragedyislikethis.TheprinceofDenmarkHamletwasovertakenbyaseriesofunfortunateanddomesticmisfortunewhenhewasinWittenbergUniversityforstudy,fatherdemised,UncleClaudiususurpedthrone,hismotherremarried24 withhisuncle.Allthismakeshimintoagreatpain.Thentheghostofhisfathertoldhimhewaspoisonedbyhisuncle.Hamletthinkthatheisnownotonlyforthefatherofvengeanceforhissake,butforthewholesocietyandthecountry'sproblems.Hemustundertakethetaskofreformingattribute.Heconsideredallsidesoftheproblem,thenhewasafraidofleakingworry,againafraidthattheghostisfalse,andafraidoffallingintothewrongtrap,Hewasupsetandmelancholy,hadtofoolonoccasiontoconfuseothersenemies,andwaitedforanopportunityofrevenge.Claudiusperceivedthedanger,tryingtokillhim.However,toprovethefactandtruthfurther,Hamletincitedtroupestoplaythepartofadramawhichistalkedaboutamankilledhisbrotherandusurpedthethrone,evenmarriedwiththesister-in-law.Claudiusreallyfeltveryterrifiedandwithdrawninpanic.Hamlet'smothertriedtopersuadehimtotolerance,butcriticizedbyhim.HamletwasenragedandhadthemanslaughtertohisloverOphelia’sfather.ThenClaudiussentHamlettoGreatBritain,wantedtokillhiminsecret.HamletranawaybacktoDenmark.Aftercomingback,heknewthathisloverOpheliawascrazyandfallawayfromdrowningasherfatherdiedandloverleft.Hamletwasindignantandtrappedbytheking.ThekingplottedwithOphelia’sbrotherJonathanLeorAtlantistokilltheHamletwithpoisonousswordandwine.Asaresult,HamletandJonathanLeorAtlantiswaspoisonedbysword,thequeenwateredthepoisonouswine,andthekingwasstabbed.TheprinceHamletentrustedhisfriendstospreadhisdesireinthearticleofdeath.24 ThisrevengestorywasbasedonaDanishhistoryinthe12thcentury,theauthoruseshumanisticperspective,putthisstorywhichismerelyforfather’srevenge,rewriteintoatragedywithdeepreflectionoferaappearance,andstronganti-feudalconsciousness.Throughanancientpalacevendettastory,theauthorledthefeudalautocraticdynastycarriedouttoreveal.TheprinceHamlet,asarepresentativeofthehumanist,struggledforthefeudaltyranny,givenenthusiasticadmirationandprofoundsympathy.TheimageofHamletrepresentedthethoughtsanddesiresoftheprogressivehumanism.Itisoneofthetypicalrolesintheworldfamousworksofliterature.Chapter2AnalyzetheCharacterofHamlet2.1HavinganEmotionalSoulHamletisaveryemotionalyoungmanwhostrugglestocopewiththedeathofhisbelovedfather.             Tisnotalonemyinkycloak,goodmother,Norcustomarysuitsofsolemnblack,Norwindysuspirationofforcedbreath,24 No,northefruitfulriverintheeye,Northedejected’haviorofthevisage,Togetherwithallforms,moods,shapesofgrief,Thatcandenotemetruly.Theseindeedseem,fortheyareactionsthatamanmightplay;ButIhavethatwithinwhichpassethshow,Thesebutthetrappingsandthesuitsofwoe.(I.i.82-91)Heletsitbeknownthat,regardlessofhowgrief-strickenhemightoutwardlyappear,hisappearancecannotholdacandletohowmiserablehefeelsinside.Claudius,speakingasonewhoisincapableofreachingHamlet’sdepthofemotion,mentionsthatHamletistakingthemourningofhisfather'sdeathtoextremes:               Togivethesemourningdutiestoyourfather;Butyoumustknow,yourfatherlostafather;Thatfatherlost,losthis,andthesurvivorbound24 infilialobligationforsometermtodoobsequioussorrow.(I.ii.94-98)TheKingtellsHamletthatdeathisapartofthenaturalorderofthingsandheshouldgetoverit. Inhismentalstate,Hamletisgreatlydisturbedbythefactthathismotherdoesnotsharehissenseofpainandloss. Oncehelearnsofthemurder,heberateshimselffornot“steppinguptotheplate”andavenginghisfather’sdeath. Hamletwonders,"HowstandIthen,/thathavefatherkilled,amotherstained”(IV.iv.58-59). Heisaskinghimselfwhatkindofapersonheisifhecanallowhisfathertobemurderedandhismothertobemarriedtohisunclesosoonafterhisfather'sdeath.                  Shemarried. O,mostwickedspeed,topostWithsuchdexteritytoincestuoussheets!Itisnot,noritcannotcometogood.Butbreakmyheart,forImustholdmytongue!(I.ii.162-165)Hamletfeelsthatthemarriageisnotgood,norcanthismarriagebetweenClaudiusandGertrudecometoanygood. Hewantstoexpresshistruefeelings24 tohismotherbut,knowingitwillhurther,heremainssilentforthetimebeing. Thisshowshisdeepemotionalattachmenttohismother. 2.2Daringand BraveryTheyoungPrinceHamletistheprotagonistoftheplayandisportrayedasabraveanddaringcharacter.Therearemanyexamplesofhisfearlessattitude,butthreestandsoutfromalltherest. ThefirstoccurswhentheghostvisitsHamlet,HoratioandMarcellus. Hamletisdeterminedtomeettheghost:“Ifitassumesmynoblefather'sperson,I'llspeaktoit,thoughhellitselfshouldgapeandbidmeholdmypeace”(I.ii.267-269). Hamletinsistsuponspeakingtotheghost,eventhoughitcouldbeademonratherthanhisfather'sspirit. Thesecondexampleofhisbraveryisilluminatedwhenheactuallyseestheghost:              HAMLET. Itwillnotspeak. ThenIwillfollowit.24 HORATIO. Donot,mylord!HAMLET. Why,whatshouldbethefear(I.iv.69-71)?Thoughothersfeartheghost,Hamletdoesnot. AnothersignificantincidentthatportraysHamlet'sdaringcharacteroccurswhenhearrangesfortheplayerstoperformaslightlyalteredversionof"TheMurderofGonzaga",hopingtolearnwhetherornottheKingisguiltyofhisfather'smurder. “Theplay'sthething/whereinI'llcatchtheconscienceoftheKing”(II.ii.612-613).TheKing’sreactiontotheplaywilldeterminewhatcourseHamletwillfollow,whethertocontinueashehasbeenortodowhattheapparitionrequestedofhim.BraveryanddaringistheimportantcharacterofHamlet.Withoutbravery,Hamletwouldneitherhavespokenwiththeghost,norbaitedtheKingwith"TheMousetrap,”norsetintomotionthestringofeventsleadingtothedramaticconclusionwhereinallthemajorcharactersaredead.24 2.3SuspicionHamletwaslivingsmoothsincechildhood;hewasintheenvironmentwithidentityandhonor,familyharmonyandcontentmentandnationalprosperity.他所经历过的处境无一不是平顺的。Hehadexperiencedthesituationandbotharesmooth.但是在一夜之间，他所拥有的一切都遭到了全盘颠覆：父王猝死，母后改嫁，王权旁落，国外大军压境。Butovernight,everythingheownedwasatotallysubversive:hisfathertodeath,hismotherremarried,andkingshipchangedhands,theforeignarmyarrives.对于一个从来不曾遭遇过什么重大挫折与坎坷境遇的年轻王子来说，没有什么比这突如其来的巨变更打击的事了。Whatneverdoggedforamajorsetbackwiththeroughcircumstancesoftheyoungprince,nothingmorethanthissuddenattackchangesthings.也正因为如此，哈姆雷特的忧郁本性愈发得明显了，而他性格中多疑的一面也被激发了出来，并愈演愈烈。Preciselybecauseofthis,thenatureofHamlet’sdepressionbecomesmoremarked,whiletheparanoidsideofhischaracterwasinspiredfrom,andworse.如第一幕中，他一登场，便以连讽带刺的口吻来面对新国王与王后的问候：王：哈姆雷特，我的侄儿，我的儿———哈：亲上加亲，越亲越不相亲！Suchasthefirstact,hedebut,thentheeventoneofbarbedsatiricalfacegreetingthenewKingandQueen:King:Hamlet,mynephew,mychildren---Kazakhstan:pro-pro-add,themorepro-thelessdear!王：为什么愁云依然笼罩在你身上？King:Whygloomstillenvelopedinyourbody?哈：不，陛下，我已经在太阳里晒得太久了。Hamlet:No,Your24 Majesty,Ihavethesuninthesuntoolong.由于环境的剧变，哈姆雷特变得十分多疑，即使是一心帮助他的霍拉旭等人，他也无法全心信任。Drasticchangesintheenvironment,becomeverysuspiciousofHamlet,evenasoneoftheHoratiotohelphimandothers,hecannotwholeheartedlytrust.“人是多么了不起的一件作品！理性是多么可贵！力量是多么无穷！仪表和举止是多么端整，多么出色！论行动，多么像天使！论了解，多么像天神！宇宙之华！万物之灵！可是，对于我，这点泥土里提炼出来的玩意儿算得了什么呢？”这里哈姆雷特是以一种讥讽的口气讲的这段话，这是哈姆雷特对人的地位的怀疑，也是哈姆雷特的一种时代秩序观念的反映。"Itissoapieceofwork!Howvaluablereason!Howinfinitepower!Instrumentsandmannerofhowthewholeside,howgood!Ofaction,howlikeanangel!Ofunderstanding,howlikeagod!TheuniverseWah!OfallthingsSpirit!However,forme,thisstuffextractedfromthesoilwhatofit?"HereHamletisasarcastictoneofvoicespeakthesewords,thisisthestatusofHamlet'ssuspicionofpeople,butalsoHamletreflecttheconceptofatimeorder.他用怀疑的眼光去审视周围的一切：人性的虚伪，世态的炎凉，天道的不公。Hewenttolookwithsuspicionallaround:thehypocrisyofhumannature,theworldstateofYanLiang,Heaven'sunfair.这也为哈姆雷特最后的悲剧结局作了铺垫。ThisisalsothetragedyofHamlet,thefinaloutcomewasforeshadowing.24 2.4DelayOneofthemostuniquecharactersofHamletisdelay.Fromthebeginningtoend,thisisalwaysshowed.Hisfatherdiedsuddenly,mothermarriedwithhisuncle;allthismadehimangryandconcerned.Heevenaccusedhismotherthat:"ah,evilhurry,socannotwaittobequiltgotintoincest!"Butonlythatit,notputanyrealaction.Whenhecomplainedtohisfather'sspirits,hewasangrynottoself-sustaining,itseemstorevengeimmediately:"Letmeideasandlovedrivingasfastasthewings,flytotheenemytokill."Butheseemsalwaysseemtothinkbutno,evenforamomentforgetrevenge,long-lastingbutnotimplemented,buttotheenemyinatreacherousmomentofdying,tocompletealong-cherishedwishofrevenge.Forthisdelay,thenumberofyearspeoplemadeavarietyofexplanationsiscausing"untoldHamlet,"oneoftheimportantreasons.GermanpoetGoethe,whichHamletistoofeminine,Ifeeltoothin,bloodybusinessofthepeoplehekilledcannotaffordmental.Thisreallymakessense,said:Hamlet,althoughtheevil,buthumanitarianfeelingespeciallyheavy,anyleniencycouldnotbeartowitnesspersonallythesceneofbloodflowcaused24 bycorpses.Therefore,hewouldempty:"Icanswigofhotblood,doesthatdaydidnotdaretofacethecruelbehavior",inimaginationtoenjoythepleasureofrevenge,evenafterthepleasure,butalwaysafraidtoturnvisionintoreality.Hiseraforthispurpose:"Iamaheartless,cowardlyresignationofHan......Ireallyfool!Mydearfatherwasmurdered,myspiritsareurgingrevenge,myson'slikeado-likeadirtywoman,onlytoblowoffsteamwithemptywords,learningtoplaythewaybitchsqualling......"Buttheblamegoblame,thebasicknowledgeandactionseemsoutoftouch.Hewaseventakenafatalisticattitude.ThisstatementdoesrevealoneaspectofthecharacterofHamlet.EnglishpoetColeridgebelievesthatHamletisamanlivingincontemplation,meditationisnotthenatureofhisactions.Eveniftheintentofgeneratingaction,butsoonreplacedbymeditation.Thisissomewhattrue.Hedidnotwanttheenemytokillhimforprayer,sogaveupachanceofrevenge.Therewereeitherweakpersonality,orprimarilyisbasedonsocialethicsofhumanthought.Intheplay,soliloquyisanaturalmedium,anecessaryreleaseofhisanguish.Someofhisquestioningmonologuesrevealhisinnercontradictionanddelay.SuchastheActthreeScene，Tobe,ornottobe—thatisthequestion;Whether'tisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,24 Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Andbyopposingendthem?Todie,tosleep;Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweendTheheart-acheandthethousandnaturalshocksThatfleshisheirto,'tisaconsummationDevoutlytobewished.Todie,tosleep;Tosleep:perchancetodream:ay,there'stherub;ForinthatsleepofdeathwhatdreamsmaycomeWhenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil,Mustgiveuspause:there'stherespectThatmakescalamityofsolonglife;Forwhowouldbearthewhipsandscornsoftime,Th’oppressor'swrong,theproudman'scontumely,Thepangsofdespis’dlove,thelaw'sdelay,TheinsolenceofofficeandthespurnsThatpatientmeritofth’unworthytakes,WhenhehimselfmighthisquietusmakeWithabarebodkin?whowouldfardelsbear,Togruntandsweatunderawearylife,Butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath--Theundiscover’dcountryfromwhosebourn24 Notravelerreturns,puzzlesthewillAndmakesusratherbearthoseillswehaveThanflytoothersthatweknownotof?Thusconsciencedoesmakecowardsofusall;AndthusthenativehueofresolutionIssickliedo'erwiththepalecastofthought,AndenterprisesofgreatpithandmomentWiththisregardtheircurrentsturnawry,Andlosethenameofaction."Tobeornottobe,---thatisthequestion.”thisisaproblemthatshookthesoulforgenerations.ItplaysanimportantroleinHamlet’scharacterthatisdelay.正是由于无法对这一问题做出明确的回答，哈姆雷特才长期踌躇和拖延着他早应该采取的复仇行动。Itisbecauseofthisissuecannotmakeaclearanswer,soHamlethasalonghesitationanddelaytohisrevenge.哈姆雷特陷入岔路中不知从何突破，只能不停犹豫，这不仅是他悲剧性格的体现，更是社会环境决定的，也许是不忍让国家和子民介入新的王位更迭的混乱，或者自己的悲天悯人，更主要的是哈姆雷特决定当面杀死自己的仇人，他总是在犹豫间失去机会，种种因素交织在一起构成了哈姆雷特最后的悲剧。Hamletgetsintoaforkintheroadanddoesnotknowwheretobreakin,onlyhesitation,thisisnotonlyamanifestationofhistragiccharacter,andisdeterminedbythesocialenvironment.24 Chapter3TheMainReasonLeadingtotheFormationofHamlet'sCharacter三哈姆雷特悲剧性格形成的原因哈姆雷特只是一个小说人物，所以他是一个矛盾的综合体，一个时代的缩影。Hamletisonlyacharacterofthenovel,soheisacomplexofthecontradiction,andanepitomeofanera.我们可以从作者所处的时代背景中找到影子。Wecanfindtheshadowfromthebackgroundoftimes.下面从三个方面来印证哈姆雷特的悲剧性格的成因：1时代的烙印莎士比亚诞生于一个特殊的时代：文艺复TofindthemainreasonleadingtotheformationofHamlet’scharacter,weanalyzeitfromthreeaspects.3.1ThemarkofthetimesShakespearewasborninaparticularera:theRenaissance.这个时期的意识形态都可以从哈姆雷特身上得到反映。TheideologyofthisperiodcanbereflectedfromthebodyofHamlet.During在整个西方现代化进程中，莎士比亚创作的文艺复兴时期是从中世纪步入现代的一个过渡。theprocessofmodernizationintheWest,ShakespearecreatedfromtheMiddleAges;theRenaissanceisatransitionintothemodern.人文主义开始兴起，神学的地位不断下降，对人的价值的认知不断提升，尊重人，尊重生命，追求价值等观念开始具有普世意义；另一方面，封建落后思想却依然顽固，对人们思想和行动的桎梏远未消失。Humanismbegantorise,thedecliningstatusoftheology,thevalueofhumancognitionrising,respect,respectforlife,thepursuitofuniversalvaluessuchasattitudesarebeginningtohavemeaning.Ontheotherhand,thefeudalandbackwardideasofthepeoplearestillstubbornly,itaffectsthethoughtandactionofpeople."Bible"doesnotallowpersonalrevenge,andifonetakesthiswayhewillapproachinrelationtohell.Meanwhile,anotherviewispopular.”Whenwepious,filialpietytothink24 ofourfatherwerekilledfornoreasonandourrevengeisjustice."Personalrevengeonthetwoareopposed,whileawarenessoftheexistenceofdisplayuniqueperiodofsocialtransitionambivalencepeople.Hamletisalsotrue:iswaitingforthejudgmentofGodwithenduringthepreceptsofreligion,orcrusadeagainstinjusticeonearth?Whichkindofbehaviormoreinkeepingwithhisloftyideals?Hisinnerstrugglehasalwaysbeenimmersedinthisconflict,thisnaturalcauseofhisdelay.Asafeudalprince,althoughHamletacceptedsomefreshideas,hestillhasthefeudalthoughts.哈姆雷特性格中的矛盾，其实是这两种思想的尖锐碰撞。ThecontradictioninHamlet’scharacterisactuallythinkingofthesetwosharpcollisions.于是，在文艺复兴这样一个新旧交替的时代，旧的神学体系已不能维持住自己的地位，而新思想尚不能完满地解释这个时代。Thus,insuchatransitionfromtheolderaoftheRenaissance,theoldtheologicalsystemcannolongersustaintheirposition,butstillcannotsatisfactorilyexplaintheideasofthisera.观察与思考、怀疑与探索的并存成为这个时代的又一特征。ObservationandReflection,doubtandexplorationcoexistasanotherfeatureofthisera.这既是这个时代的特征，也是哈姆雷特的性格品质。Thisischaracteristicofthisera,butalsothequalityofthecharacterofHamlet.这些品质使哈姆雷特成了一个内燃似的人物，在不断地观察与思考中，他的思维变得越来越细密，同时在不断的怀疑和探索中，他也陷入了迷惘。ThesequalitiesmakeHamletintoacombustion-likefigure,constantlyobservingandthinking,hismindbecamemoreandmoredense,whileinconstantdoubtandexploration,healsothrownintoconfusion.他对母亲的遭遇既同情有愤怒，他对于鬼神既有一种虔诚的信仰又有着难以排遣的怀疑，他对结束仇人的生命既充满渴望又充满忧郁，他对于生命，有着赞美但更多的是鞭挞。Hewasangrybutsympathetictohismother,heestablishedapiousforthespiritshaveadifficultdistractionfaithanddoubt,theendofhisenemy'slifefullofdesireandfullofmelancholy,hewasforlife,withpraisebutmorecastigate.2社会因素社会现实的残酷变异和个人理想的毁灭最终形成了哈姆雷特的悲剧性格。3.2Socialfactors24 Thecrueltyofthesocialrealityanddestructionof personalideals created thecharacterofHamlet.人的情欲在失去理性规范的制约后会产生无穷的恶，社会也就趋于“混乱”。Wholustsaftertheconstraintsofirrationalnormswillhaveinfiniteevil,societywilltendto"confusion.”Inthe在理想幻灭后的哈姆雷特眼中，人的心灵是阴暗污浊的，人在本体意义上是丑恶的。IIIIIIIIeyesofHamletwhoseidealwasdisillusioned,thehumanmindisdarkanddirty,thepeopleinthebodysenseisugly.克劳狄斯是个十恶不赦的魔鬼，王后的堕落也是由于无法克制的情欲。Claudiusisaheinousevil;thefallofqueenisalsoduetoirresistiblepassion.奥菲莉娅也不例外，他认为：“要是地狱中的孽火可使一个中年妇人（王后）的骨髓里煽起了蠢动，那么青春在烈焰中，让贞操像蜡一样融化吧。当无法遏止的情欲大举进攻的时候，用不着喊什么羞耻了，因为霜雪都会自动燃烧，理智都会做情欲的奴隶呢。”奥菲莉娅尽管看上去“像冰一样贞洁，像雪一样纯洁”，但“美丽可以使贞洁变成淫荡”，在情欲逼来时，她也会像王后一样“脆弱”的。Opheliaisnoexception,hesaid:"Iftheevilinthefireofhellcouldamiddle-agedwoman(queen)ofthebonemarrowfannedthebank,thentheyouthinflames,soastomeltlikewaxvirginityit.Whenlarge-scaleattackcouldnotstopthepassionwhen,noneedtocallanyshame,becausethefrostwillautomaticallyburnthefleshoftheslaveswilldosensiblydo."Opheliaeventhoughitlooked"aschasteasice,pureassnow"but"beautifulcanbecomechastesensuality"inthefleshwhenforcedto,shewouldlikethequeenas"fragile".哈姆雷特不仅看到了他人心灵的丑恶，而且也看到了自己的心灵是黑暗的。Hamletnotonlysawtheuglysoulofothers,butalsoknewtheirownheartisdark.他说，“我的罪恶是那么多，连我的思想也容纳不下。”因此，在他眼里，所有的人“都是十足的坏人”，因为“美德不能熏陶我们的本性”，世界也正因此成了“牢狱”和“荒原”。Hesaid,"Mysinissomuchthatevenmythoughtsarefit."Thus,inhiseyes,allofthemarefullofbadpeople,because"thenatureofvirtuecannotinfluenceus",thereforetheworldisbecamea"prison"and"TheWasteLand."哈姆雷特这种“生存还是毁灭”的激烈内心搏斗及反省，社会现实的残酷逐渐促成了其悲剧性格的形成。Hamlet’s"Tobeornottobe,"istheintenseinnerstruggleandreflectionofcruelsocialrealitypromptedtheformationofhischaracter.3环境因素环境是人物生活的场所、行动的条件、性格形成发展的客观根据。3.3Environmentalfactors24 Environmentisaplacewherepeoplelive,theconditionsofaction,theobjectivebasisofformationanddevelopmentofcharacter.Theformation of typicalcharacters isinseparablefromtheenvironmentTheT.Shakespeare'sheroisusuallyinvolvedinstrongcontradiction,formedakindofgetridofthetragiccharacter,thushasmorerichconnotation.莎士比亚笔下的主人公往往置身于强烈的矛盾冲突中，形成了一种无法摆脱的悲剧性格，从而具有了更加丰富的内涵。从大环境来看，哈姆雷特处在文艺复兴这样一个充满了矛盾的特殊时代，身上无疑留有这个时代的特征。Fromtheenvironmentpointofview,Hamletwasinaspecialerawhichfullofcontradictions,therewasnodoubtthathehadthecharacteristicsofthisera.AAAAAAAbruptenvironmentwasdisruptedthemoodofHamlet,resultinginindiscriminatesenseofrelyingonthebreak,hefellintoadepression,confusion,almostinsane state,whichisthemostcomplexcharacterofHamlet.因此，我们可以看出哈姆雷特所处的时代决定了他的性格，他所处的环境也决定了他的性格，而他的性格又决定了他的命运。Therefore,wecanseethattheeraandenvironmentdeterminesthecharacterofHamlet,andhispersonalitydetermineshisfate.Chapter424 TheSocialSignificanceofHamletTheplayisShakespeareˊsmostdetailedexposeofacorruptedcourt—“anunweddedgarden”inwhichthereisnothingbut“afoulandpestilentcongregationofvapors”。Byrevealingthepourer-seeking,thejostlingforplace,thehiddenmotives,thecourteoussuperficialitiesthatveillustandguilt,Shakespearecondemnsthehypocrisyandtreacheryandgeneralcorruptionattheroyalcourt.Conclusion24 InthispaperwehavediscussedaboutthecharacterofHamlet.Hamlet ownsthecharactersof humanist anti-feudaland thenoblerealityinRenaissance;also hehasnegativeaspects ofpessimismanddejectionofnobleman’sgenerationinpalace. Shakespeare revealshis humanist idealsandtheconflictofthepessimistic understandingof therealityintensively.  Thispalaceconflict isnotonlya family tragedy, but theroyalfamilyandnationaltragedy. Thetragedyendingof Hamletstruggles with thepalace complexand sinister side;thereare limitations because ofhisown personality. Throughthis grief anddespair, depressedand anxiouscharacter, Shakespearecriticizedthe ugly reality,butalso reveals theinevitabilityof thetragedyofHamlet.Bibliography蒋花．《再论哈姆雷特的延宕》．《四川师范学院学报》.2001,1梁实秋（译）．《莎士比亚全集》．内蒙古文化出版社，199524 刘炳善．《英国文学简史》．河南人民出版社，2008赵红英．《英国文学简史学习指南》．中国传媒大学出版社，2006张伯香．《英美文学选读》．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998．周志欣．《通过独白看哈姆雷特的心路历程》．《经典重释》.2009,1224