浅析哈姆雷特沉沦的原因

　　浅析哈姆雷特沉沦的原因----英美文学论文-->浅析哈姆雷特沉沦的原因-AProbeintotheCausesofHamlet’sDiscouragementI.Introduction引言哈姆雷特被认为是莎士比亚作品的巅峰之作。没有其他文学如此丰富，如此复杂，如此神秘，曾一度让不起眼的，并受到人文主义深深的影响。因为他的性格缺陷和人文主义的缺陷，哈姆雷特的悲剧原因主要有两个。性格和心理缺陷于他的性格矛盾，是他沮丧的原因，人文主义的缺陷也导致他精神沮丧。Hamletisconsideredtobethesummitofshakespeare’systerious,atoncesoobscureandtransparent,andaffectedbyHumanismsodeeply.BecauseofhischaracterdefectsandHumanismdefects,therearetainreasonsforHamlet’stragedy.ThecontradictionsincharacterandthePsycho-Sourceofhischaracterarethecausesofhisdiscouragement,andtheHumanismdefectsalsoleadtothediscouragementofhisspirit.Inthispaper,Hamlet’sdiscouragementtanismdefects itself.II.LifeandShakespeare威廉莎士比亚的生活和工作威廉·莎士比亚（生于1564年4月26日，1616年4月23日逝世）是一位英国诗人，剧作家，被广泛认为是最伟大的英语语言作家和世界上最杰出的剧作家。他通常被称为英国的民族诗人和“BardofAvon”。他的作品，包括一些合作，38戏剧，154首十四行诗，二首长篇叙事诗，和其他诗歌。Shakespeare(baptised26April1564;died23April1616)inentdramatist.HeisoftencalledEngland'snationalpoetandthe"BardofAvon".Hisecollaborations,consistof38plays,154sons,ts,andseveralotherpoems.Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoeverymajorlivinglanguageandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplaylet-->oandhepoisonsHamlet'sakesureHamletdiesLaertesputspoisononthetipofhissletletpicksupthepoisonsletletgetsupandstabsthenelet'sbestfriend. III.Hamlet’sCharacterDefects哈姆雷特的性格缺陷3.1ContradictionsinHamlet’sCharacterOnthejourneythroughthepathoflife,peopleencountersanydifferentincidentsandsituationsustactaccordingly.Dependingoninnumerouslet,themaincharacterisfacedmasandisinemotionaldistress.Hamlet’scharacteralidHamletisthePrinceofDenmark.Heenjoysahighsocialpositionandisrespectedbyhispeople.YeteversinceheiscalledbackfromtheuniversitytotheDanishcourtbytheneiseryandthearduoustaskofavenging.Hismiseryisdeepenedbyhismother’shastymarriagetohisuncle,thepresentkingandthesuspectedkillerofhisfather.LifehassuddenlybeesoplicatedandchallengingforHamlet.Youngandinexperiencedasheis,Hamlet’sstrongcharacterenableshimtostandfirmundersuchadifficulty.Feelingisolatedandlonely,he remainscalm,usinghisintelligencetocontendesandfinallycarryingouttherevenge,thoughatthecostofhisoletis“neitherafrailandindedyouthnorathought-sickdreamer”;onthecontrary,heis“fearlessandimpetuousinaction”.Hisrushesaftertheghost,killsPolonius,dealsissionontheship,boardthepirateship,jumpsintothegraveofOpheliaoutofhonestloveandexecuteshisfinalrevengeduringtheduellet’sdelayandhesitationsincarryingouthistaskofrevengeisalsoobvious.Heevenappearstobeshrinkingandsloetimes.HehasseveralgoodchancestokillClaudiusbuthejustletsthemslipby.Sometimes,akegooduseofachance,hehastofindsomeexcusesforhisinactiontoforthisguiltyconscience.Forinstance,onhisother’seetsthekingpraying,hecouldhavedraonthespot.IfhisdelaysofarisduetothelackofevidenceofthepresentKing’scrime,nomediateaction.Buthefailsagainonthepretextthat -->hemightsendtheKingtoheavenifhekillshimthenbecausetheKingisprayingatthatmoment.Oftenhereproacheshimselfbitterlyfortheneglectofhisduty.Heevenaskshimselfingenuinebeent,“akesmesitidleefultodoso,andeanstoact?”letobeytheghostatonce,andsavesevenofthoseeightlives?IfhehadbeenLaertesoffortinbras,heisery,Hamletremainscalmandactscautiouslyforthemostofthetime.Insteadoftakingrashactions,hethinksthingsoveragain.Heisperplexedbyseveralquestions:Isurdererofhisfather,mustbesuspiciousofhimandbeonguardagainsthim.SohoselffromtheKing’spersecution,hefeignsmadnessandhedoessoother,thequeen,hisgirlfriendOpheliaandOphelia’sfatherPoloniusareallmadetobelievethathehasreallygoneoutofhismind.togotoEngland,heimmediatelyrealizestheschemeunderit.Nevertheless,despiteallhiseffortstobecareful,Hamletsometimesturnsouttobecarelessorevenrash.Atthebeginningoftheplay,Hamletourning dressandappearsdepressedathermother’smarriage.otheraskshimtoexchangehisclothesand“looklikeafriendonDenmark”.Knoeinhismother’schamber.Fortunately,theeavesdropperPloniusiskilledbymistake.ButHamlethasmadeabigmistake.ThoughhismotherpromisedtokeepovementleadstothedeathofOpheliaandtheKing’sanotherplotagainsthim,thatis,theduelletplayfencingletbeescarelessagain.Heshouldhaveknoanyincidents,buthefailstogiveanyconsiderationtoitandagreesatonce.Asaresult,threemorepersons,excludingtheKing,dieintheend.3.1.3Kindas,Hamletisthefavoriteofthepeople.Everyoneshorespect.Hehasbeencharminglyfrank,courteousandkindlytoeveryone,ofhelikedordisliked.Buthismelancholycausedbythedeathofhisfatherandthearduoustaskofrevengemakeshimsometimeshardandcynicalasle-->tisalsotoohardinhisotherandOphelia.Fromtheabovediscussion,let’scharacter.It mightbedifficultforustounderstanditatfirst.Butiflet’slifebeforethecatastrophe,thetaskhisdeadfatheraskshimtofulfill,hisperiloussituationincarryingoutthetaskandhisspeculativemind,let’sCharacterThepsychologyofhuman,closelycontactedinestheplicationofhumanmentality.Themostobvioustensionslet’smindarethosebetanismidealandtheinhumansocialreality,andbetismandpessimism,onuchoftheprocessofhistragedydepends.Inhispsychologicalstate,itisnotdifficulttofindthemoralsensitivity,misanthropicmood,profoundmelancholyandthetendencyoffatalism.3.2.1Hamlet’sDelayingDefectHamletistrulyagreatplay.Anyuchdebateandhaslastedforfourhundredyearsmustbepuregenius.OnequestionthathaspuzzledreadersandaudiencesalikeisHamlet'sdelay.aybeadevil,andthedevilhathpoeapleasingshape(2.2.627-629).TofullyunderstandHamlet’sinaction,itis importanttolookatrevenge.InRichardIIIrevengeisnotexacteduntilRichardisdeadandhisfouldeedsfoundout.InOthello,IagoiliateandthenkillAntonio.ThusrevengeisnotexacteduntiltheevildeedsoftheoffenderarerevealedandthepublicknoletcannotkillClaudiusuntilhecanprovethathepoisonedthelateking.Thusthefirsttlet,buttoallolettogatherneededevidenceagainsthisuncle.ItisnotuntilactIII,lethasnotbeenabletoprovehisuncleisamurderthathedecidestoforceClaudius.Hamletesup.HamletdiscoversClaudius’guiltbuthasnoevidencetopresenttothepeople.Thus,letseesClaudius-->prayinghestayshishanduntilhecanabsolutelyprovehisguilt.AnotherreasonletstayshishandisbecauseClaudiusispraying.ItisHamlet’sferventbeliefthatifhekillsClaudiusightgotoheaven,yythoughts,/remainbeloletecriticsattributeHamletsinabilitytoacttoanOedipusplex.Theseproponentssaythat Hamlet,inhissubconsciousmind,hasadesiretodoexactlyself.Ifthisistrue,Hamletcannotactbecauseheisfightingagainsthissubconscious;heknoethingthatisentirelyevil,andifheletsimplythinkstoomuch.HeurderoftheKingtobeperfect.Claudiushastogotohell.ThepeoplehavetoknourdererClaudius.Hamletspendstoomuchtimeplanningandnotenoughtimedoing;thus,makingtheKing'smurdermoreplicatedthanothermurdershehasorchestrated.Also,hehastobecarefularoundClaudiusaftertheplaybecauseitrevealedhissanitytotheKingasitreveledtheguiltofClaudiustoHamlet.Aftertheplaylethasproofandstillcannotact.Notuntileverybodyisdying,includinghimself,doesherealizesthatheshouldnothaveurderstheKing;gettingtherevengehethebeginning.