探究哈姆雷特沉沦的原因

　　探究哈姆雷特沉沦的原因探究哈姆雷特沉沦的原因为大家收集整理了哈姆雷特沉沦的原因，供大家参考，希望对大家有所帮助!!!I.Introduction引言哈姆雷特被认为是莎士比亚作品的巅峰之作。没有其他文学如此丰富，如此复杂，如此神秘，曾一度让不起眼的，并受到人文主义深深的影响。因为他的性格缺陷和人文主义的缺陷，哈姆雷特的悲剧原因主要有两个。性格和心理缺陷于他的性格矛盾，是他沮丧的原因，人文主义的缺陷也导致他精神沮丧。Hamletisconsideredtobethesummitofshakespearesysterious,atoncesoobscureandtransparent,andaffectedbyHumanismsodeeply.BecauseofhischaracterdefectsandHumanismdefects,therearetainreasonsforHamletstragedy.ThecontradictionsincharacterandthePsycho-Sourceofhischaracterarethecausesofhisdiscouragement,andtheHumanismdefectsalsoleadtothediscouragementofhisspirit.Inthispaper,Hamletsdiscouragementtanismdefectsitself.II.LifeandShakespeare威廉莎士比亚的生活和工作2.1Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚威廉莎士比亚(生于1564年4月26日，1616年4月23日逝世)是一位英国诗人，剧作家，被广泛认为是最伟大的英语语言作家和世界上最杰出的剧作家。他通常被称为英国的民族诗人和BardofAvon。他的作品，包括一些合作，38戏剧，154首十四行诗，二首长篇叙事诗，和其他诗歌。Shakespeare(baptised26April1564;died23April1616)inentdramatist.HeisoftencalledEngland'snationalpoetandtheBardofAvon.Hisecollaborations,consistof38plays,154sons,ts,andseveralotherpoems.HisplayshavebeentranslatedintoeverymajorlivinglanguageandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplayletItstartsonthecastlebattlementsinDenmark,let'sfather.TheybringHamlettotheghostthenextnight.TheGhosttellsHamletthatheurderedbyHamlet'suncle,Claudius,arriedHamlet'smother,Gertrude,letmeetsagroupofactorsandtellsthemtodoarecreationofthekillingofHamlet'sfather.InthemiddleoftheplayHamlet'suncle,Claudius,goescrazyandit'sproventhattheneurder.Later,HamletistalkingotherandOphelia's(Hamlet'sgirlfriend)father,Polonius,isbehindthecurtain.Hamletthinksit'sClaudiusandstabsthecurtainandkillsPolonius.OpheliagoescrazyanddroadatHamletsohechallengeshimtoaslet'sakesureHamletdiesLaertesputspoisononthetipofhissletletpicksupthepoisonsletletgetsupandstabsthenelet'sbestfriend. 浅谈中美文学课中教学理念差异为大家收集整理了中美文学课中教学理念差异，供大家参考，希望对大家有所帮助!!!一、英美文学课面临的窘境尽管英美文学课对提高英语专业学生的整体素质如此重要，但是很长一段时间以来，它在我国的教学实践中，却都跌入一种自身无法脱身的窘境：首先，从学校的角度出发，受制于诸如招考和毕业生签约率等因素，多数高校不得不将英语专业的培养方案进行了调整，大刀阔斧地压缩诸如英国文学和美国文学这样的语言文学课程，或是把原来一年的课时压缩为一学期，或是干脆把原来的两三门课压缩为一门，由此也便催生了英美文学这门课，如此这般，好为其他更受社会和学生欢迎的课程腾出时间。其次，从教师的角度出发，像英美文学这样的课程其备课难度明显大于一般的课程，没有良好的英文功底，没有较高的文学素养，根本就不可能备好英美文学课，更不用奢谈把课讲好了，所以很多老师或是对其避而远之，或是对其不得已应付了事;第三，从学生的角度出发，如果在大三上，这门几乎和现实说不上话的课程着实难以让多数学生提起兴趣，如果在大四上，由于临近毕业的缘故，其教学效果如何也就不难想象了。以上这多重的因素，就让英美文学长期以来都成为了英语专业教学领域中一道无法破解的难题。二、开放式课程的兴起带给我们的冲击从去年3月份开始，开放式课程在我国的网络世界中最先兴起，而这其中，又以耶鲁大学的开放式课程最为典型。短短几个月的时间，网络上就出现了近二十门不同领域和不同学科的耶鲁大学开放式课程，而所有这些开放式课程几乎都受到了网上热捧，我国许多相关知名网站相关课程的点击率和下载量都不断攀升。一时间，诸如像《哲学》这样在我国备受学生诟病的课程都成了网上热门课程，而耶鲁大学那位在讲台上盘腿而坐和学生大谈死亡的哲学教师雪莱教授(ProfessorShellyKagan)甚至都成了网络红人。在这些开放式课程中，笔者也惊喜地发现了《1945年后的美国小说》(TheAmericanNovelSince1945)(以下简称《美国小说》)这门和本人教学工作密切相关的开放式课程，笔者遂以最快的速度从网上下载下来，并抽出时间认真观摩耶鲁大学的这门文学课程。但是从首遍起，笔者就惊异于Amy Hungerford教授在《美国小说》中的授课模式和讲课风格，笔者一方面折服于Hungerford教授的个人素养，另一方面，笔者更是吃惊于Hungerford教授良好的授课效果了。并且，Hungerford教授这种授课效果似乎不但对美国学生有效，它对中国学生同样有效，而这一点我们仅从相关网站的视频留言中就能够看出。吃惊之余，笔者也不禁仔细思考起中美文学课这种截然不同的教学效果产生的原因。随着时间的推移，笔者若有所悟，遂将自己的一些想法写成下面的文字。在这里，笔者不想去分析《美国小说》中的其他因素，在这里，笔者想仅就教师的教学理念这一个因素进行比对，以期能为我们破解英美文学教学难题找出一些有用的东西来。III.HamletsCharacterDefects哈姆雷特的性格缺陷3.1ContradictionsinHamletsCharacterOnthejourneythroughthepathoflife,peopleencountersanydifferentincidentsandsituationsustactaccordingly.Dependingoninnumerouslet,themaincharacterisfacedmasandisinemotionaldistress.HamletscharacteralidHamletisthePrinceofDenmark.Heenjoysahighsocialpositionandisrespectedbyhispeople.YeteversinceheiscalledbackfromtheuniversitytotheDanishcourtbytheneiseryandthearduoustaskofavenging.Hismiseryisdeepenedbyhismothershastymarriagetohisuncle,thepresentkingandthesuspectedkillerofhisfather.LifehassuddenlybeesoplicatedandchallengingforHamlet.Youngandinexperiencedasheis,Hamletsstrongcharacterenableshimtostandfirmundersuchadifficulty.Feelingisolatedandlonely,heremainscalm,usinghisintelligencetocontendesandfinallycarryingouttherevenge,thoughatthecostofhisoletisneitherafrailandindedyouthnorathought-sickdreamer;onthecontrary,heisfearlessandimpetuousinaction.Hisrushesaftertheghost,killsPolonius,dealsissionontheship,boardthepirateship,jumpsintothegraveofOpheliaoutofhonestloveandexecuteshisfinalrevengeduringtheduelletsdelayandhesitationsincarryingouthistaskofrevengeisalsoobvious.Heevenappearstobeshrinkingandsloetimes.HehasseveralgoodchancestokillClaudiusbuthejustletsthemslipby.Sometimes,akegooduseofachance,hehastofindsomeexcusesforhisinactiontoforthisguiltyconscience.Forinstance,onhisotherseetsthekingpraying,hecouldhavedraonthespot.IfhisdelaysofarisduetothelackofevidenceofthepresentKingscrime,nomediateaction.ButhefailsagainonthepretextthathemightsendtheKingtoheavenifhekillshimthenbecausetheKingisprayingatthatmoment.Oftenhereproacheshimselfbitterlyfortheneglectofhisduty.Heevenaskshimselfingenuinebeent,akesmesitidleefultodoso,andeanstoact?letobeytheghostatonce,andsavesevenofthoseeightlives?IfhehadbeenLaertesoffortinbras,heisery,Hamletremainscalmandactscautiouslyforthemostofthetime.Insteadoftakingrashactions,hethinksthingsoveragain.Heisperplexedbyseveralquestions:Isurdererofhisfather,mustbesuspiciousofhimandbeonguardagainsthim.SohoselffromtheKings persecution,hefeignsmadnessandhedoessoother,thequeen,hisgirlfriendOpheliaandOpheliasfatherPoloniusareallmadetobelievethathehasreallygoneoutofhismind.togotoEngland,heimmediatelyrealizestheschemeunderit.Nevertheless,despiteallhiseffortstobecareful,Hamletsometimesturnsouttobecarelessorevenrash.Atthebeginningoftheplay,Hamletourningdressandappearsdepressedathermothersmarriage.otheraskshimtoexchangehisclothesandlooklikeafriendonDenmark.Knoeinhismotherschamber.Fortunately,theeavesdropperPloniusiskilledbymistake.ButHamlethasmadeabigmistake.ThoughhismotherpromisedtokeepovementleadstothedeathofOpheliaandtheKingsanotherplotagainsthim,thatis,theduelletplayfencingletbeescarelessagain.Heshouldhaveknoanyincidents,buthefailstogiveanyconsiderationtoitandagreesatonce.Asaresult,threemorepersons,excludingtheKing,dieintheend.3.1.3Kindas,Hamletisthefavoriteofthepeople.Everyoneshorespect.Hehasbeencharminglyfrank,courteousandkindlytoeveryone,ofhelikedordisliked.ButhismelancholycausedbythedeathofhisfatherandthearduoustaskofrevengemakeshimsometimeshardandcynicalasletisalsotoohardinhisotherandOphelia.Fromtheabovediscussion,letscharacter.Itmightbedifficultforustounderstanditatfirst.Butifletslifebeforethecatastrophe,thetaskhisdeadfatheraskshimtofulfill,hisperiloussituationincarryingoutthetaskandhisspeculativemind,wecansurelygettheanswertoit.3.2ThePsycho-SourceofHamletsCharacterThepsychologyofhuman,closelycontactedinestheplicationofhumanmentality.Themostobvioustensionsletsmindarethosebetanismidealandtheinhumansocialreality,andbetismandpessimism,onuchoftheprocessofhistragedydepends.Inhispsychologicalstate,itisnotdifficulttofindthemoralsensitivity,misanthropicmood,profoundmelancholyandthetendencyoffatalism.3.2.1HamletsDelayingDefectHamletistrulyagreatplay.Anyuchdebateandhaslastedforfourhundredyearsmustbepuregenius.OnequestionthathaspuzzledreadersandaudiencesalikeisHamlet'sdelay.aybeadevil,andthedevilhathpoeapleasingshape(2.2.627-629).TofullyunderstandHamletsinaction,itisimportanttolookatrevenge.InRichardIIIrevengeisnotexacteduntilRichardisdeadandhisfouldeedsfoundout.InOthello,IagoiliateandthenkillAntonio.ThusrevengeisnotexacteduntiltheevildeedsoftheoffenderarerevealedandthepublicknoletcannotkillClaudiusuntilhecanprovethathepoisonedthelateking.Thusthefirsttlet,buttoallolettogatherneededevidenceagainsthisuncle. ItisnotuntilactIII,lethasnotbeenabletoprovehisuncleisamurderthathedecidestoforceClaudius.Hamletesup.HamletdiscoversClaudiusguiltbuthasnoevidencetopresenttothepeople.Thus,letseesClaudiusprayinghestayshishanduntilhecanabsolutelyprovehisguilt.AnotherreasonletstayshishandisbecauseClaudiusispraying.ItisHamletsferventbeliefthatifhekillsClaudiusightgotoheaven,yythoughts,/remainbeloletecriticsattributeHamletsinabilitytoacttoanOedipusplex.TheseproponentssaythatHamlet,inhissubconsciousmind,hasadesiretodoexactlyself.Ifthisistrue,Hamletcannotactbecauseheisfightingagainsthissubconscious;heknoethingthatisentirelyevil,andifheletsimplythinkstoomuch.HeurderoftheKingtobeperfect.Claudiushastogotohell.ThepeoplehavetoknourdererClaudius.Hamletspendstoomuchtimeplanningandnotenoughtimedoing;thus,makingtheKing'smurdermoreplicatedthanothermurdershehasorchestrated.Also,hehastobecarefularoundClaudiusaftertheplaybecauseitrevealedhissanitytotheKingasitreveledtheguiltofClaudiustoHamlet.Aftertheplaylethasproofandstillcannotact.Notuntileverybodyisdying,includinghimself,doesherealizesthatheshouldnothaveurderstheKing;gettingtherevengehethebeginning.Fortunately,becauseofthegreatwritingofShakespeareanyoftheseinterpretationsarevalidandcanbesupportedbythetext.以上就是由为您提供的哈姆雷特沉沦的原因。