摘要：《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚戏剧创作中最杰出的代表作，著名的四大悲剧之一，又是莎士比亚戏剧艺术成熟的标志。该剧以丰富的时代内涵、生动的人物形象、复杂的矛盾冲突以及曲折多变的故事情节，给人们留下深刻的印象，吸引着他们对其不断的进行解读。本篇文章旨在从情节、人物、矛盾冲突等多方面分析《哈姆雷特》戏剧中的悲剧色彩。透过复杂的故事情节，该剧展示了十六世纪英国的动荡与混乱。该剧中任务众多，不同的任务有不同的性格，也反映了当时不同层次、身份的任务的特征以及他们的人生观。从而决定了他们最终的归宿。剧中哈姆雷特与克劳狄斯的斗争是新兴资产阶级人文主义者与日趋反动的封建王权代表任务之间的斗争，反映了文艺复兴时期先进人物为实现美好理想向社会恶势力所进行的斗争。作为文艺复兴的核心，人文主义在当时是一种新兴思潮，但却遭到失败。作为人文主义者的典型代表，哈姆雷特对人类抱有美好的看法。他相信人类的智慧、高雅和力量。然而，面对罪恶的现实，他所有的人文主义理想都被彻底破灭。因而只能以生命的代价换来精神上的胜利。作为时代的缩影，《哈姆雷特》揭示了人文主义理想破灭的必然性。关键词：人物悲情；矛盾冲突；人文主义；情节悲剧；王权斗争TheTragedyAspectsinHamletAbstract：AsoneofShakespeare’sthefourfamoustragedies,Hamletisthemostremarkableone.ItisalsothesignofthematurationintheartofShakespeare’splay.Withabundantconnotationofthetime,vividcharacters,complicatedconflictandvariedstory,Hamletgivespeopledeepimpressionandmovesthemtoappreciateit.ThisarticleaimstoanalyzethetragedyaspectsinHamletfromalltheaspectsofplot,character,conflict,andsoon,accordingtowhichitrevealsmoreinformationaboutEnglandintheperiodofRenaissance.Basedonthecomplicatedplots,HamletrevealstheconfusionofEnglandin16th.Inthisplay,therearemanycharacters.Withdifferentcharacter,eachonereflectsdifferentfeatureofdifferentstageandtheirsocialstatus,andalsotheirvalueoflife,whichdecidetheirfinalsufferance.ThestrugglebetweenHamletandClaudiusisabouttheconflictbetweenthenewlyemergedcapitalhumanistsandthefeudalevilforce,whichreflectsthehumanists’hardshipfortheirdreamstocometrue.AstheessenceofRenaissance,humanismisanewlyemergedthoughtatthattime,butunfortunately,itfailed.Onbehalfofhumanists,Hamletconfirmshuman’svalueanddignity,andalsothewisdomandpower,butinfrontoftheevilreality,allhisdreamsaredestroyedcompletely.Hejustgetsthespiritualvictorywiththecostofhislife.Asthemitigationofthetime,Hamletshowsthatitisdestinedtofailforhumanists.KeyWords：TragedyofCharacters;conflict;humanism;tragedyofplots;fightingforthroneIntroductionItisknownthatHamletisthemostremarkableworksofShakespeareinhisdramas.Itdescribesastoryofaprince’srevengeforhisfather’sdeathinDenmark,duringwhich,itrevealshuman-beingdifferentconflicts.Withabundantconnotationofthetime,vividcharacters,complicatedconflictandvariedstory,Hamletgivespeopledeepimpressionandmovesthemtoappreciateit.Therearethreesimultaneousplotsofrevenge,fromwhich,thetragedyofcharactersisdescribedmorecomplicated.Thereisalsosomedescriptionofcharacters:Hamletrepresentsthefewnumberoftheadvancedpersonemerginginthefeudalsociety;Claudius,whoistheheadofthereactionaryforce,isalsoaschemer,themodelcharacterofdouble-dealer.Heisdissolute,insidiousandsham.Butfinally,suchunforgivablemanbearswhatheshoulddo;Ophelia,whoisoneoftheloveliestgirlsShakespearehasdescribed,isalsoatragedycharacterinthisplay.Sheiskind,butbecauseofherinnocentandtenderness,shebecamethetoolwhichherfatherusedto
pleasanttheKing.Asoneofthefourfamoustragedies,Hamletisfulloftragedyaspects:itdescribedadisorderedworld,andalsoaworldwithstrongself-consciousness,whichreflectedthemodernmainpartsuncertainnessandcomplicationintheperiodofRenaissance.Insuchaspecialtime,thereareallthekindsofformation:Claudius’sschemestoseizethestatepower;theethicsbetweentheghostandhisson;thesincerefeelingsbetweenHamletandOphelia;friendship’sforsakingwitholdclassmates;simultaneousrevengeaction;thefailureofhumanism,andsoon.Withalltheformationorganized,itformsHamlet’sspecialartisticcharmandliteralachievement,whichrevealhuman-beingthetragedyaspectsofHamletincisivelyandvividly.I.TheGeneralIntroductionoftheStoryItisastoryofaprince’srevengeforhisfather’sdeathinDenmark.TheKingofDenmarkdied,youngprinceHamletwhowasmakingfurthereducationabroadcamebacktohiscountry.Outofhisimagination,hismothermarriedhisuncleClaudiusjustaftertheoldKing’sdeath.AghostwholookedliketheoldKingemergedonenight,andtoldHamletthatitwasClaudiuswhokilledhim,soHamletvowedtorevenge.Hebegantopretendtobemad,andlefthisloverOphelia.TospyuponthereflectionofClaudius,Hamletarrangedaplaywhichwasdrawnbyhim.Claudiusrealizedit,hesentHamlettoEngland,andaskedthemanwhokeptwatchonHamlettogivelettertothekingofEnglandtohaveHamletdied.ButClaudiusfailed;Hamletcamebacktohiscountryagain.MeanwhileOpheliawasdrawnbecauseofherfather’sdeathandherloverHamlet’sdriftingapartofher.HerbrotherLearteswasveryangry;heaskedtofightwithHamlet.ThenClaudiusarrangedaswordmatchforthem,inwhichHamletwaskilledbythepoisonsword,Laerteswaswoundedtodie.TheQueen(Hamlet’smother)diedfromthepoisonwinewhichwaspreparedforHamletbyClaudius.Beforedeath,Laertestoldthetruth.FinallyHamletkilledClaudiuswiththecostofhislife.II.ThreeSimultaneousPlotsofRevengeInHamlet,therearethreesimultaneousplotsofrevenge,whichgivemoredetailstohelpuslearnthetragedyaspectsinit.Therearethreecharacters:Hamlet,LaertesandFortinbius,allofwhosefatherarekilled.Basedontheconceptofthetime,allthethreepersonsshouldrevengefortheirrelatives.Asthesametask,becauseoftheirowncharacterandoutlookoflife,therearethreedifferentways.Ofthethreepersons,therearetwogroupsofcomparison:LaertesandHamletarebothcomparativelyyoungmeninacourtdominatedbytheMiddleAged;botharedescribedasbeingpopularwiththepeopleinDenmark;theircommonloveforOpheliaunitsthemthematicallyinthefourthact;andtheensuingswordfightwhichresultinboththeirdeathmakescleartheextenttowhichtheyareeachother’sopposites;bothgivethemselvesthetaskofrevengingthedeathofarelative;botharespiedonbytheirparents.YoungFortinblas,whohasafewsimilaritiestoHamlet:hetooisthenephewofaKing;hetooisanyenemyofClaudius;hetooisseekingsomesortofvengeancefollowingthedeathofhisfather.A.Laertes’sSimpleIdeatoRevengeOfLaertes’sideatorevenge,itcanbedescribedas“simple”.Heisnobleanddignifiedinhisappearance,whileinfactthereisnothinginismind.Heisimpulsive,narrowminded.ThoughherealizeshiserrorandrevealstheevilplotoftheKing,heloseshislife.AshelearnsthenewsthathisfatherPoloniuswaskilled,withoutaskinganyoneaboutthereason,hurriedlyhecomesbacktoDenmarkandarousestheassestoaction.ThinkingthattheKingisthesinnerofhisfather’sdeath,
LaretesleadshismassesrushintothecourtandfightwithClaudius.WeseeLaretesdoeslikethat,butinfact,hedoesnotlovehisfatheratall.Helaughsathisfather’sweakness,hatesthathisfatheraskssomeonetokeepwatchonhim.Forthereasonofhisfather’sdeath,hehasnointerest.SupposeLaertesiswillingtolearnthereason,hewouldknowthatthedeathofPoloniusiscausedbyhimself,forheissopositivetointerferetheconflictbetweenHamletandtheKing.What’smore,hesupportstheKing.HamletismeaninglesstokillPolonius,towhichLaertesdosenotcareabout,sohedecidestorevengewithoutanydoubt.Heunderstandsthemoralfromthepointofformalism,accordingtowhichhetakesaction.Hisprincipleismeasureformeasure.WhatLaertesrevengesforisthereputationofhisrelevantandhisfamily.Inthefaceofsuchrequirement,eventheKing’sorder,itshouldbedelayed.Besides,whatLaertesrevengesforishisambitions.WhenheleadshismassestokilltheKing,headvocatesthemsupporthimastheKing.ItisavailablethatLaertes’srevengeisdivorcedfromtheessence,hehasulteriormotives.B．Fortinblas’sAbandonmenttoRevengeFortinblasgivesuptorevenge.InthisdramawedonotseetheNorwayprincesomanytimes.Justbecauseofhisuncle’sseveralwords,heabandonstorevengeforhisfather’sdeath.WhentheDenmarkisfrightenedtowaitforFortinblas’sattackforhisfather’sdeathandthelostland,FortinblasattacksPoland.NomatterwhatcausesFortinblastogiveuprevenge,wecanregardthathisfatheronceprovokedtohisenemy(theKingofDenmark)andgavenochoicetohim.IftheKingofDenmarkdidnotkillFortinblas’sfather,thepersonwhowouldbeindeathnowishimself.FortinblasrealizesthathehasnoabilitytofightwithDenmark,sohegivesup.Butwhatifheiswillingtotryhisbest?Heabandonsabsolutely.LeartesandFortinblashavetheirownattitudeonrevenge.Oneistoobeytherequirementofrevengewithoutanyconditions,andtheotheroneistogiveupabsolutely.Eitherofthemtakeshastyaction,andalsolacksconsideration.C.Hamlet’sHesitationtoRevengeSincetheghostofHamlet’sfathertellsHamletthetruthofhisdeath,thetasktorevengeisengravedonHamlet’sminddeeply,hevowstorevenge.Heloveshisfathersosincerelyanddeeply.Inhismind,hisfathersymbolizesthetopofhumanvirtue.Whatabaseactiontokeephisfatherindeath!ComparedwithLeartesandFortinblas,hismotiveforrevengeisstimulatedbyhislovetohisfather.Whileittakesalongtimeforhimtocompletehistask,why?Therearethreemainstages:Firstofall,heputsoffallhisactionuntilhehaspositiveproofofClaudius’sguilty,duringhisprocess,HamletarrangesaplaytospyuponClaudius’sresponsetoprovethetruthoftheghost’swords.Secondly,hepassesuptheopportunitytostabClaudiusinthebackpreferringtowaitforchancetokillhiminawaymorefitting.Becauseofthereligionandsuperstitiousbelief,killingtheenemywhoisrepentingistosendtheevilpersontotheheaven.Itmeansthathereturnsgoodforevil.Thirdly,however,hegetsside-tracked.Forcedintoconfrontationwithhismother,hekillstheeavesdroppingPolonius,thinkingthatitisClaudiusheisstabbing.ThefactthatHamletmisfiresPoloniushastwomaineffects:itmakesHamlet’sownhomicidalcampaignloseenergy---asifsomesortofbloodlusthadbeensated.ItalsoforcesHamletfinallyoutintotheopen.Ratherthansuspects,HamletisathreattoClaudius.OntheexcuseofPolonius’sdeath,ClaudiushasopportunitytomoveagainstHamlet,whichissendinghimofftoEnglandtobeputindeath.III.TheTragedyofCharacters
A.TheTragedyofHamlet1.ThreeStagesofHamlet’sTragedyOfthecharacterofHamletinthisdrama,itisnotstill,butchangeableasthestrugglesgoon.Accordingtothedevelopmentofthecharacter,ShakespeareshowsusthetragedyofHamlet,whichisdescribedinthreestageslogically.Thefirststageisabouthishappinesstime,duringwhichhestudiesinWittenberg.Inthatperiod,hehaswonderfuldreamonhumanism.Tohimtheworldissobright,charming.Inhismind,hisfatherisonbehalfperfectman.Healsobelievesthattheharmoniousrelationshipbetweenhumanwouldcometruesoonerorlater.ThesecondstageofHamletisabouthisdejectionandhesitation.Hamletissopuzzledbytheconflictbetweenhumanismideaandthegloomreality.Whenwefirstlyseetheprince,Hamletappearsasadejectedperson.Heisshroudedbysadness;hedoesnotknowwheretolookforhappinessoflife.WhenherealizesallthecrimesinthecourtofDenmark,allhiswishesoflifehavebeenchanged.Hedecidestochangethesociety,butinactionhehesitates.Thethirdstageisabouthisdecisiontotakeactivities,whichisaftertheplayarrangedbyHamlethimself.Hecannotbearthecrimeofrealityanymore.Inhisownwords,hewouldfillhismindwithbloodythoughts.AlthoughHamletrevengesforhisfather’sdeathintheend,hedoesnotachievethepurposetoremovetheevilforcethoroughly,evenheloseshislife.2.Hamlet’sDeathHamlet’sdeathisalsohistragedy.ItisdestinedforHamlettoendwithhisdeath,whichiscausedbybothinternalandexternalcourse;itisnotcomprehensivetoemphasizeeitherofthem.Asoneofhischallengeableenemy,Claudiusisonbehalfoftheevilforce;hiscrimeiscollectedwithallthesociety’sdarkness.Hamletiseagertowipeoutsuchevilforceandrevengeforhisfather’sdeath.ButitcannotbesolvedonlybyhavingClaudiusdied,ofcoursetoachievewhichisnoteasy.Toremovetheevilforcewhichiscommonlyexistedinthesocietyandreversesthesituationismoredifficult.WhatHamletishesitating“isnotwhatheshoulddo,buthowtodoit.”Judgingfromtheobjectiveaspect,Hamlet’senemyisnotonlyClaudius,andalsosomevillains.Asanewstyleofthoughtofanewlyemergingcapitalistclass,humanismjustexistsasapowerofthoughtatthattime,whichisfarawaytomatchwiththefeudalevilforce.ThebourgeoisierevolutioninEnglandhappenedin17thcentury,judgingfromthefeatureofthetime,Hamlet’sdeathisdestined.Judgingfromthecharacterofhim,Hamlethasthemostweaknesswhichdominateshisaction.Becauseofhisprincesocialposition,thereisnocommunicationwithpeople.Althoughhehassympathytothem,healsolearnspeopleareangrytotheevilforce,andtheyalsokeephopeonhim,heisunwillingtocorporatewithpeople.Whathebelievesishisownability;what’smore,inhismindheistheonlypersonwhocancompletesuchhardtask,whichistherootofHamlet’ssocialtragedy.SoHamlet’stragedyisofanadvancedhumanist’sfailuretostrugglewithpowerfulevilforceofhim,ofthetime,whichhasstrongclassicmeaning.B．heTragedyofClaudiusClaudius,whoistheheadofthereactionaryforce,isalsoaschemer,themodelcharacterofdouble-dealer.Heisonbehalfofthefeudalevilforce.Hekillshisolderbrother,becomesthenewKingofDenmark,andmarrieshissister-in-law.Whatadissolutegay!Heindulgesincreaturecomforts.Althoughheissopleasedwithhimself,whenhemeetsHamlet,whoisinmourningapparel,heisfrightened,evenitisinhisnewweddingbanquet,hecannotconcealthefearwhichisfromhisinnerheart.
ClaudiusliesthattheoldKing(Hamlet’sfather)diedofapoisonoussnake,andthenhetakestheplaceofHamlet’ssucceedingtothethrone.Whileonthesurface,hepretendstocareHamletverymuch,treatsHamletashisownson.HealsopromisesHamletthathewouldlethiminheritinthefuture.InthereplytoHamlet’soutburst,Claudiususeslanguagewhichseemstobecalculatedtotakeintoaccountbothsidesofaquestion.Ononehand,HetellsHamletthatitis‘sweetandcommendable’ofhimtobesoobviouslyaffectedbyhisfather’sdeath.Ontheotherhand,hecontinuesmourningmustendsoonerorlater,andlifemustgoon.Thus,Claudius’sanswertoHamletappearsatfirstsighttobetheepitomeofreasonableness,abalancedcombinationofsensitivityanddown-to-earthcommonsense.‘Tissweetandcommendableinyournature,Hamlet,TogivethismourningdutiestoyourfatherButyoumustknowyourfatherlostafather,Thatfatherlost,losthis-andthesurvivorboundInfilialobligationforsometemTodoobsequioussorrow.ButtopersevereInobstinatecondolementisacourseOfimpiousstubbornness,‘tisunmanlygrief,Itshowsawillmostincorrecttoheaven,Aheartunfortified,amindimpatient,Anunderstandingsimpleandunschool’d,Forwhatweknowmustbe,andisascommonAsanythemostvulgarthingtosense---WhyshouldweinourpeevishoppositionTakeittoheart?Fie,‘tisafaulttoheaven,Afaultagainstthedead,afaulttonature,Toreasonmostabsurd,whosecommonthemeIsdeathoffathers,andwhostillhathcried?Fromthefirstcorestillhethatdiedtoday,‘Thismustbeso’.(Hamlet,87-106)WhenpeopleactuallylookatthedifferentweightwhichClaudiusgivestothetwooppositepartsofhisargumentashisspeechdevelops,itcanberealizedthatClaudius’s‘balance’isactuallynothingofkind.Itisjustbecausethatheisunderagreatdealofstrain,andthatheisfarlessincontrolofthesituationthanhewantshisaudiencetobelieve.Inanotherwords,Claudius,becauseheisinapublicsituation,needstobealittletactfultowardsHamlet,andthuscomplimentshimonhissweetandcommendablenature,andassureshimthatheregardshim‘withnolessnobilityoflove/Thenthatwhichthedearestfatherbearshisson’.(Hamlet,II,110,-II).ButClaudiusis,afterall,King,andhispowerisabsolute.HetriesallthewaystoeliminateHamlet,whoisregardedtotreathimverymuch.BecauseHamletisdeeplylovedbypeople,evenpirateiswillingtohelphim,Claudiuscouldnotkillhimbyanyreason,heshouldbeverycareful.TospywhetherHamletismadornot,ClaudiusaskstwoofHamlet’sclassmatestokeepwatchonhim.Meanwhile,asbait,OpheliaisusedtospyuponHamlet’sinnersecrets.Aftertheplay,whichisarrangedbyHamlet,Claudiusexposeshisguiltyconsciencethoroughly.ThenheplanstomurderwithaborrowedknifetoremoveHamletforanothertry.OntheexcuseofHamlet’ssafety,Claudiussendshimto
England,insecretheasksthemanwhokeepswatchonHamlettoconveyhisrequirementofhavingHamletdiedtotheKingofEngland.Butfinallyhefailed.ThenheincitedLaertestorevengeforhisfather’sdeath,becauseofwhich,Hamletdiesfromthepoisonsword.Claudiusisdissolute,insidiousandsham,whileonsurfacehepretendssokind.Ofhischaracter,Shakespeareshowsusallthekindsofhideousfeaturesoffeudaltyrantandthecareeristofcapitalistclassduringthetimeoforiginalaccomplishment.Butfinally,suchunforgivablemanbearswhatheshoulddo.C.TheTragedyofOpheliaOphelia,whoisoneoftheloveliestgirlsShakespearehasdescribed,isalsoatragedycharacterinthisplay.Sheiskind,butbecauseofherinnocentandhertenderness,shebecamethetoolwhichherfatherusedtopleasanttheKing.Sheisthevictimoffeudalism.Herthoughtsistightlyboundedit.Shebelievestruth,beautyandkindness,shereallylovesHamlet,butshealsobecomesthetoolofClaudiustospyupontheinnersecretofHamletwhenHamletismad.WhenherfathertellshertoleftHamlet,shepromiseshimwithoutwords.Opheliaisdrawnattheendofthisdrama.ItiseventuallyOpheliawhosemadnessleadstoheractualsuicide.ButitisclearlythatthepersonwhocausedOphelia’sdeathistheKingandherfather.Opheliaisalsothevictimofthepolitical.Isthereanyotherreason?Ofcoursethatisthefeudalism.Ophelia’sdeathstimulatespeopletodetestthehatefulpower,andalsoevokespeople’ssympathyforgoodthings,whichpeoplehavedestroyed.IV.TheFailureofHumanismA.TheConflictbetweenHumanismandRealityTheRenaissancereacheditshightidein16thcentury,sodidtheHumanism.AsthefundamentalkeyofRenaissance,theessenceofhumanismisthathumanhavetherighttoseekforfreedomtoadvocatetherationalismandtogainpeople’spositionanddevelopmentintheworld.Theelementsofhumanismaretoestablishthecentralstatus,ofhumanbeings,theirdignityvalue,toadvocatethespiritofrationalismandscience,toprotestthesuperroleofGodadmiredduringtheMiddleAges.Intheliteratureof16thinEngland,itwasplaygotthebestachievement,sotherearesomanygoodworks.Tosomeextent,aplayisthereflectionofthesociety.Thehistoryof16thcenturyisfilledwithstruggleandconflict,whichbetweenthecapitalismandfeudalism.
Hamletisahumanist,amanwhoisfreefromthemedievalprejudicesandsuperstation.HehasanunboundedlovefortheworldinsteadoftheHeaven.Asoneofhumanists,Hamletcherishesaprofoundreverenceforman,andhebelievesinhuman’spoweranddestiny:Whatapieceofworkishuman;hownobleinreason;Howinfiniteinfaculty,informandmovingHowexpressandadmirable;inactionhowlikeanangel;Inapprehensionhowlikeagod!(Hamlet,85-96)Fromsuchebullientwords,vividfigureofspeech,itisclearthatHamletconfirmshuman’svalueanddignity,andalsothewisdomandpower,whereverexistshumanism.Hebelievesthathumanisvaluable,energetic.Heregardsthattherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingshouldbeequal,andeveryoneshouldberespected.Hetakes“love”toinsteadofpeople’sloyaltytohim,andtheprincipleofequalityandlovetotherelationshipoffeudalgrade.Accordingtohisthought,character,appearanceandexpression,eitherofwhichshowsusthatheisthemodelofaperfecthumanist.Inhismind,hisfather(theoldHamlet)isamodelofhuman.Tolove,friendshipandlife,Hamlethashisownhumanismview.Andhehimself,justasOphelia’sdescription,isayoung
princeofhumanism,suchalovelyprince,there’snodoubtthatanyonewouldnotlovehim.EvenClaudius,hisenemy,hastoadmitthatheislovedbythe“silly”people,andtheordinarypeoplewouldhavegoodopiniontohim.Whileatthebeginningoftheplay,Hamletiscoveredbythemisfortuneofhisfamily.Headoresandloveshisfatherverymuch,buthedied;healsoloveshismother,whileveryquickly(“Alittlemonth,orerethoseshoeswereold,withwhichshefollow’dmypoorfather’sbody,”)shemarrieshisuncle(thenewKing).Thefaithfullove,friendship,andallahumanist’svaluabledreamsbegantobedestroyed.Helaments:“Fraity,thynameiswoman!”Tofindoutthereasonofhisfather’sdeath,Hamletpretendstobemad.Outofhisimagination,hisoldclassmatesandfriends,evenhislover,Ophelia,becomeClaudius’saccessories.Infrontoftheevilreality,hishumanismdreamisdestroyedcompletely.Heeventhinksabout“tobeornottobe”:Tobe,ornottobe,thatisthequestion:Whether‘tisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,OrtotakearmsagainstaseaoftroublesAndbyopposingendthem.Todie---tosleep,Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweendTheheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocksThatfleshisheirto:‘tisaconsummationDevoutlytobewish’d.Todie,tosleep;Tosleep,perchancetodream---ay,there’stherub……(Hamlet,152-180)B.TheFailureofHamlet’sTaskWhatHamletisabletodoistorevealtherealitythatthesocietyisnotreasonableanditmustbechanged,nothowtosolvesuchfundamentalquestion;tomovethecrimeexistingintheworld,nothowtowipeoutit.Becauseofthelimitationoftimeandclass,humanistdoesnothavetheabilitywhichisneededtochangethesociety,wipeoutthesocialcrime.Itisoneofthereasonsthatthereactionaryforceispowerful,becauseofwhichHamletfailstocompletehistask.Hamletrepresentsthefewnumberoftheadvancedpersonemerginginthefeudalsociety.ThestrugglebetweenHamletandClaudiusrepresentsthatbetweenthenewlyemergedcapitalhumanistandfeudalreactionaryforce,whichreflectstheconflictbetweentheadvancedpeopleandevilforceinRenaissance.However,itisacomplicatedtime,withthesocialcrimeoffeudalforceandthecapitalaccumulation,itisagloomtime,anditisdestinedtofailfortheadvancedpeople.ConclusionWithabundantandvividplots,Hamletrevealsanimportantthought:inthelaterofRenaissance,thecentralstatepowerwasstable,thesystemofgovernmentwaschargedbytheKing.TheKingabandonedthecapitalistclass,arbitrarilyanddictatorially,heforciblyoccupiedallthebenefit;inpolitical,hewentagainsttheprogressivemeasure,thenthefeudalforcehadthechancetostateacomeback,allthecountrywasfilledwithfoul,andeachtryingtocheattheother.Undersuchbackground,thecapitalhumanistswereangrywithit.Alltheordinarypeopleevencouldnotbeartheexploitationcomingfromthefeudalandoriginalaccumulation,buttheycoulddonothingtohelpthemselves.Suchphenomenonwasjustaboutwhichhappenedbeforethebourgeoisierevolutionaryin1645.HumanistshadthethoughttoremovetheunforgivableKingandreversethesituation,buttheyfellintohesitation,becausetheresponsibilityforthemwashardtocomplete.
TakingthecourtofDenmarkintheMiddleAgesforthebackground,accordingtothestoryofHamlet’srevengeforhisfather’sdeath,HamletdescribesthetruthEnglandandtheEuropesocietyinthelaterRenaissance.Itrevealstheauthor’sself-questioningonRenaissancemovementandhiscarelessnessonpeople’slifeandfuture.TheRenaissancepromotesEuropeintothetimehumanbeingsawakening.People’sbelieftoGodbegantoshake,undertheflagof“personalityliberation”;itwasthecustomtodowhatyouliketo.Foroneside,people’sthoughtliberated,whichpromotedthedevelopmentofthesocialcivilization.Intheotherside,especiallyinthelaterofRenaissance,itwasfullofoverflowofselfishdesireandsocial’sconfusion.Encounteringsuchanenthusiasmandconfusedtime,insteadoftheoptimisticandromanticbroughtbythehumanism,Shakespeareshowsusthehiddendangerwhichhidedintheidealandprogress.Itisdestinedtofailforhumanists.Hamletisthereflectionofsuchsocialphenomena.AcknowledgementsIwouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankmytutor—ChenShunjiang,whooffersmeacademicandconstructiveadvicesoncomposingthispaper.Hisencouragementandhelpareworthyofhighacknowledgement.Duringthelearningofmypaper,Mr.Chengivesmemuchgoodandvaluableadviceonmycourse,andprovidesmemanyopportunitiestodopractice.Becauseofthoseopportunities,Icanaccumulatemuchpracticalexperienceandprecioustheoriesforthispaper.Intheprocessofcomposingthispaper,hehelpsmecorrectthispaperandmakeitmoreperfect.Iwouldliketoexpressmythankstothosewhospendtheirtimeinreadingmypaper,andIwillbegratefulifyoucouldgivemeyouradvice,andIwillappreciatethemverywell.BecauseIknowthatwillbebeneficialandhelpfulinmylife.Meanwhile,I’dliketosaythankstomydearfriends,TangXuejin,LiJiangtao,ShuQing,andsoon,whogivemyideasinmywork,sothatIcancompletemypaperontime.IhopeIcanapplymyknowledgetomypracticaljobinthefuture,andmakesomeachievementsduringmycareer.Bibliography[1]Bradley.AC.LectureIV:Hamlet.London:Macmillan,1922.[2]CartwrightKent.RememberingHamlet,UniversityPark,Penn:PennsylvaniaStateUniversityPress,1991.[3]MichaelMangan.APrefacetoShakespeare’sTragedy.PekingUniversityPress,2001.[4]WilliamShakespeare.Hamle,PrinceofDenmar..TheOxfordStandardAuthorsEdition.1601.[5]ZhangLongxi.ReadingShakespeare:Hamlet.RoomG07,LeeWaiChunBuilding,CUHK,2003.[6]黄源．外国文学史新编[M]．浙江文艺出版社，1987．[7]基托．哈姆雷特[M]．北京：中国社会科学出版社，1981，P427-450．[8]孟宪强．外国文学[M]．河南：河南教育出版社，1988．[9]施咸荣．借鉴与探讨——外国文学部分[M]．北京：北京十月文艺出版社，1986．[10]王守仁．英国文学选读（第二版）[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2005．[11]王佐良等．欧洲文化入门[M]．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2005．[12]杨周翰．莎士比亚评论汇篇[M]．北京：中社会科学出版社，1981．[13]张泗洋等．莎士比亚引论[M]．北京：中国戏剧出版社，1989．[14]朱维之等．外国文学简编第四版[M]．中人民大学出版社，1999．[15]朱生豪．莎士比亚全集[M]．北京：人民文学出版社，1981．
微信/支付宝扫码支付