哈姆雷特论文

AnAnalysisofComplexityofHamlefsPlotThemestatement:Hamlet,asatragedy,isoneofthemostfamousdramasintheworld.Meanwhile,thecomplexityinitsplotisalsoamazing,whichmakesthisworkbecomeaneternalscriptureinthecircleofliterature.Outline:1.IntToductiontotheauthorandwork1.1.IntroductiontoWilliamShakespeare1.2.BackgroundofHamlet'swriting2.Twomadcharacters2.1.Hamlet'sfeignedmadness2.2.Ophelia'srealmadness3.Threerevenges3.1.Hamlet'srevengeonClaudius32Fortinbrus^revengeonDenmark33Laertes'srevengeonHamlet4.Threecomplexrelationshipsofmarriageandlove4.1.MarriagebetweenoldKingandGertrude4.2.MarriagebetweenPresentKing-ClaudiusandGertrude43LovebetweenOpheliaandHamlet5.ComplexrelationshipbetweenHamletandhisthreeoldfriends5.1.RosencrantzandGuildenstern^betrayaltoHamlet 5・2.Horatio，sfaithfulnesstoHamlet1.Fourmistakenkills・PoloniuskilledbyHamlet6.2.RosencrantzandGuildensternkilledbykingofEngland6.3.GertrudekilledbyClaudius6.4.LaerteskilledbyHamlet2.Sixworldsinthebook7.1・Outerworldandinnerworld72ghostworldandhumanworld7.3.realworldanddramaworldKeywords:WilliamShakespeare>Hamlet>complexity>revengemadness>kill>love>marriage>friendshipandworld・大纲：对作者及作品的介绍介绍威廉姆莎士比亚介绍该作品的写作背景两个发疯的角色哈姆雷特的假疯奥菲莉亚的真疯三场复仇3.1•哈姆雷特向叔父克罗迪斯复仇 福丁布拉斯向丹麦复仇雷欧提斯向哈姆雷特复仇三段关于婚姻与恋爱的复杂关系乔特鲁德与老国王的婚姻乔特鲁德与现国王克洛迪斯的婚姻哈姆雷特与奥菲莉亚的爱情哈姆雷特与其三个老友间的复杂关系罗森格兰兹和吉尔登斯吞对哈姆雷特的背叛霍拉旭对哈姆雷特的忠诚四场误杀哈姆雷特谋杀波洛涅斯英国国王误杀罗森格兰兹和吉尔登斯吞克洛迪斯误杀乔特鲁德哈姆雷特误杀雷欧提斯书中六个世界外在世界及内在世界鬼魂世界和人类世界现实世界及戏剧世界关键词：威廉莎士比亚，哈姆雷特，复杂性，复仇，发疯，杀害, 爱情，婚姻，友谊以及世界。Introduction：DuringtherevengeofHamletonhisuncleClaudius,peoplearefacedwithallkindsofchoicesaboutpower,marriage,friendship,orrevenge.Thenhowdotheychooseandwhatarethefinalresults?Therefore,let'sdigintothecomplexityinHamlet'splot.HamletisthebookIreadrecently-therepresentativeworkwrittenbyWilliamShakespeare,whichservesasoneoffourtragediesintheworld・Solongaspeoplehavegottencertainofeducationbeyondprimaryschool,it，simpossibleforhimtohavenoknowledgeaboutthisgreatliteraturemaster.WilliamShakespeare,wellknownasanEnglishplaywright,borninStratford-Upon-AvononApril26th,1564.Moreaccuratelytosay,26thisn9tthedateofhisbirthbutthedayforhisbeingbaptized.Andhediedatanageof52onApril23rd,1616.Althoughhewasrememberedasafamousdramatist,healsohadagiftforwritingpoemsandevenbeinganactorinthetheater.Asasosuccessfulman,hereceivesmanypraisesadmittedbypublic,suchas"thegreatestwriterinEnglishlanguage^,"theworldspre-eminentdramatist^,"thenationalpoetofEngland"and"thebardofAvorT.Throughhiswholelife,hehadwritten154sonnets,twolongnarrativepoemsand38 plays,amongwhichHamletisoneofthemostfamousone.Toknowdeeplyaboutonework,oneshouldhaveaclearknowledgeofitswritingbackgroundbehindthework・Intheearly17thcentury,thesocietyinEnglandwasinadarkfeudalsystem.Peoplelivedinthewaterandfire.Tragedieshappenedeverywhereineveryplace・Hamletisjustamirroraboutthedarksocialrealityinthattime.ThestoryHamletisoriginatedfromaDenmarkfairytalewhichalsotoldastoryaboutaDenmarkprince^revenge.UnderthepenofShakespeare,therealcasesinEnglandandothercountriesinEuropeundertherenaissance.AndoneofthesuccessfulpointsofthisworkisthatitmademanypeoplebelievethatHamletisjustthetypicalfigureasaDenmarkprince・Thenlet'sgettothetopic一thecomplexityinitsplot.First,itisrevealedbytwomadcharacters-HamletandOphelia・Hamlet，smadnessbeganfromhemettheghostofhisfatherandknowthetruthofhisfather^death.Hepretendedtobemadtopuzzletheenemiesandplougharoundhismainenemy-hisuncleClaudius.WhilethemadnessofHamletisfeigned,themadnessofOpheliaistrueaftersheheardthatHamletkilledherfathe匚Finally,thispoorgirlchoosestosuicidebesidethestream,whichaddstoatragicalcolortothework.Theyshouldbeacoupleoflover,butthedestinyisthe mostdifficultthingtopredict.Thentherearethreerevenges.Asweknow,thewholestoryistoldbyamainstring-HamlettrevengeonClaudiusandasidestring・Fortinbrus'srevengeonDenmark.WhileHamletplannedtorevengeforhisfather,FortinbruswasgoingtowarwithPolandinordertoregainthelandlostbyhisdeceasedfatherfromDenmark.AndLaerteswantedtorevengeforhisfatherandsisterkilleddirectlyorindirectlybyHamlet.WecansaythattherevengeofHamletandtherevengeofFortinbrusshowthelightandshadeofstructurewhiletherevengeofHamletandtherevengeofLaertesshowthecauseandeffectinstructure.Atthelastofthiswork,alloftheseareendedbysuccess.ButonlyFortinbruslivedthrough.Asweknow,atypicalworkcan'tmakewithoutabeautifullovestory.Thisdramaisnoexception.Theonlydifferenceisthattheloveandmarriageisacompletetragedy.Therearethreecomplexrelationshipsofmarriageandlove・Tostartwith,QueenGertrudemarriedtheoldkingandgavebirthtoason・Hamlet.Buttwentyyearslater,thelittlebrotheroftheoldKingdrivenbytheeagerforpowerkilledhisbrotherandbecamethenewking.Gertrudealsomarriedhimbeforeherhusband'sbodycompletelycooleddown,whichmadeHamletsickanddisgusting.ThenaboutlovebetweenHamletandOphelia,manypeoplethinkthattheywouldhavebeen togetherwithoutthehindranceofOphelia'sbrotherandfather;But,asfarasI'mconcerned,theyalsowouldn'tbetogetherwithoutthesehindrances・Why?BecausethewholedramanevermentionsalittlethatOphelialovesHamlet.Ofcourse,ifitweretheending,thisworkseemstobelesstragic.ClaudiusgotGertrudebutheindirectlykilledherwithapoisonouswinewhichshedrunkforherson・Hamlet.ForHamlet,hemistakenlykilledthefatherofOphelia,whichmadethisgirlsinkintoacompletemadnessandfinallysuicidebytheriver.Sofromthepointofmarriageandlove,it'salsoawholetragedy・Aftermentioningthelove,let'scometofriendshipinthiswork.HeroHamlethasthreeoldclosefriendswhogrewupwithhim.Butasthereisanoldsayinggoes:Asdistancetestsahorse'sstrength,sotimerevealsaperson^heart.Amonghisthreefriends,onlyone-HoratiostickstothefaithfulnesstoHamlet,andtheothertwoRosencrantzandGuildensternchoosetobetrayandselloutHamletforpositionandwealth.Theyweighsomethingmaterialmorethanfriendship.Sotheadviceisthat:onewouldratherhavenofriendsthanabadcompany,andafriendinneedisafriendindeed.Whatmakesthisworkmoredramaticallyisthatfourmistakenkillshappensinthisdrama,whichaddsacoloroftragedytoHamlet.FirstlyHamletkilledthelordPoloniusforthathethoughtthemanwhohidesinthehouseishisuncle-Claudiuswhenhetalkedwithhis mother,whichlaterresultedinthemadnessofOpheliaandrevengeofLaertes.ThesecondoneisthatRosencrantzandGuildensternwerekilledbytheKingofEngland・TheywenttoEnglandtosendasecretmessagetotheKinginwhichClaudiusaskedtheKingofEnglandtosecretlykilledHamlet.ButthisletterwasdiscoveredbyHamletandhechangedHamletintheletterintonamesofRosencrantzandGuildenstern.Sothetwooldbadfriendsweremistakenlykilled.Thethirdone,asIhavementionedbefore,GertrudeweremistakenlykilledbyClaudius.ThenthelastoneisthatLaerteswasmistakenlykilledbyHamletwithaswordwithpoisonwhichwasscrabbledbyHamletinthecompetition.MoreaccuratelytosayLaerteswaskilledbyhimself.MaybethisiswhatiscalledinChina:Goodandevilwillalwaysberewarded,itisonlyaquestionoftime・Ifaboveallissodramatic,thenthefollowingandalsothelastaboutthecomplexityofHamlet'splotisamazing.WhydoIsaythatisbecausetheredescribessixworldsinthebook-outerworldandinnerworld,ghostworldandhumanworld,realworldanddramaworld・TheouterworldandinnerworldisforHamlet.Hamletbehavesinmadanddifficultunderstandwayintheouterworldsinceheknew thetruthofhisfather'sdeath・Butinhisinnerworldheknewclearlywhathethought,thereisafamousmonologueaboutthis:Tobeornottobe,that5sthequestion.（Page59,FourTragediesofShakespeare,translatedby唐译，吉林音像出版社，2011年10月第一版）whichexpressesthepuzzle,themiseryintheheartofHamlet.Thentheghostworldandhumanworld,atthebeginningofthedrama,theghostofoldKingappearedinthehumanworldatnightandfinallytoldthetruthtoHamlet,whichendowstheworkmoremysteriousandattractive・Moreimportantly,itpushesthedevelopmentofplot.Thenlastbutnotleast,therealworldanddramaworld.FortheEnglandatthattime,thehardsocietyistherealworld,andthedramawrittenbyShakespeareisdramaworld.But,fromthepointofthecharactersintheHamlet,theplayerswhowereorderedbyHamlettoperformthedramadesignedbyHamletareformingadramaworld.WhetherdramaworldisforEnglandorforHamlet,bothofthemexpresstheauthor'sincisivesatiretothedarknessofsocietyandthehypocrisylords.SothispartofstructureIthinkisthemostinterestingandingeniousone.Conclusion:ComplexityinplotisoneofthereasonswhyHamletenjoyssuchagreatpopularityandpraises,whichmakesitserveanimportantroleintheworldliterature! Bibliography:FourTragediesofShakespeare,translatedby唐译，吉林音像出版社，2011年10月第一版