哈姆雷特中的人文主义

山东农业大学课程论文题目______OnHumanisminHamlet_______学院生命科学学院专业班级10级生物科学2班课程名外国文学欣赏学生姓名丁同浩学号20103086手机号18854888860指导老师尹卓琳二O一三年六月十八日-8- OnHumanisminHamletAuthor:DingTonghaoAbstract:ThehumanistideologyandculturaldevelopmentinEuropehavehadaprofoundimpact,whenitoccurs,isalsoimmersedintheEuropeancommunityofreligiousfanaticismandpietyin.Renaissancehumanismistheguidingideology;therelationshipbetweenhumanismandtheRenaissanceareinseparable.Renaissancehumanisminthisparticularhistoricalcontextgenerated.Renaissancecontentiswiderthanthehumanism.Humanismisahistoricalcategory.Itisnotonlyasocialtrend,butalsoagreatculture."Hamlet"isthemostdistinguishedEnglishRenaissanceplaywrightWilliam•Shakespeare'smasterpiece.TheatreintheWestandevencenturyliteratureisquiteenjoyedhighstatus.Hisworkreflectsaprofound16-17centuryBritishsocietystatus;heplaysfortheworldtomakeagreatcontributiontoliterature.TheimageofHamletPrinceofDenmark’sShakespearesummedupthecharacteristicsofhumanistanddeeplyreflectsthecrisisofthelateRenaissanceHumanism.ThispaperanalyzesthecharactersofHamletShakespeareprofoundreflectiononHumanism,revealingthereasonsforthetragedyhumanists,elaboratedShakespeare'scontributiontotheeraofHumanism.Keywords:HamletHumanismRenaissanceShakespeareTragedy《哈姆雷特》中的人文主义摘要：人文主义对欧洲思想文化的发展产生了深刻的影响,当它发生时,欧洲社会还沉浸在对宗教的狂热与虔信中。人文主义是文艺复兴时期的指导思想,人文主义与文艺复兴之间的关系密不可分。人文主义是在文艺复兴这一特殊的历史背景下产生的。文艺复兴的内容比人文主义更广泛,人文主义是一个历史范畴,它既是一种社会思潮,也是伟大的文化建设。《哈姆雷特》是英国文艺复兴时期最杰出的剧作家威廉·莎士比亚的代表作。在西方的戏剧乃至世纪文学是都享有相当崇高的地位。他的作品深刻的反映了16至17世纪的英国社会的现状，他的戏剧为世界文学做出了巨大贡献。丹麦王子哈姆雷特的形象真实的概括了莎士比亚的人文主义者的特点，深刻地反映了文艺复兴后期人文主义思想的危机。本文通过分析哈姆雷特这一人物形象分析了莎士比亚对人文主义思想的深刻反思，揭示了人文主义者悲剧的原因，阐述了莎士比亚的人文主义思想的时代贡献。关键词：哈姆雷特人文主义文艺复兴莎士比亚悲剧1.IntroductionInabroadsense,humanismsuggestsanyattitudethattendstoexaltthehumanelementorstresstheimportanceofhumaninterests,asopposedtothesupernatural,divineelementsorasopposedtothegrossed,animalelements.Inamorespecificsense,itsuggestsadevotiontothosestudies,which,inparticular,dealwiththelife,thought,languageandliteratureofhumanbeings,andwhicharesupposedtopromotehumanculturemosteffectively.Shakespeareisoneofthegreatestpoetsandplaywrights.Hamletisoneofthemost-8- significanttragediesinhislife.HesuccessfullyportraysthetragicherothroughHamlet’spsychologicalcontradictionandrevenge.Surely,wecansayHamletistheeternalstartintheworldliterature.TheconflictbetweenHamletandClaudiusconstitutesthemaincontradictionofthetragedy,whichistheinternalFeudalPalacestrugglesuperficially.Butitreflectsconflictsandcompetitionbetweennew,oldforcesandvaluesofsurvivalactually.Shakespearecarriesforwardthenewhumanism,alsoshowsRenaissanceadvancedhumanisticideals,profoundcontradictionsandfiercestruggleamongtheincreasinglydeclinedfeudalmonarchybythestoryofHamlet’srevengeforfather.2.RenaissanceandhumanismMid-14thcenturytothe16thcentury,anideologicalandculturalmovementoccurredinEurope,markingmankindforwardinmodernhistoryfromtheMiddleAges.Emancipationasthemainthemeinthecampaign,theemergingbourgeoisieinspiredbyclassicalculturetohuman-centerednewideologyopposedtotheGod-centeredstaleideology,replacedwithanewcultureinCatholictheologydominatedfeudaloldculture,onthesubjectiveandobjectiveworldanditscontactwiththedirectexperienceofdeepthinkingandbreakingtheshacklesofobscurantism.Itsessenceisthebourgeoisieintheideologicalandculturalfieldsledanti-feudalculturemovement.AsEngelssaid,"Thisisamanneverexperiencedthegreatest,progressivechangeisaneedfortheGiantsbutalsocreatedagiant-inthinkingability,passionandcharacter,versatileandknowledgeableintheareastheeraofgiants.”Renaissanceisanewideasandculturerevolutionarymovementinliterature,art,philosophy,naturalscienceandpoliticalscience,law,history,educationandotherareaslaunchedbyemergingbourgeoisieintheEuropean.Renaissancegenerationisbuddingcapitalisteconomyasaprerequisitetoanti-feudalandanti-churchstruggleasthemaincontent.Engelscommented:"Thisisamanneverexperiencedthegreatest,progressivechange."Renaissancehumanismisthemaintrend.RenaissanceaperiodoftheEuropeanculturalandintellectualdevelopment,itisabourgeoisnewculturemovement."Humanism"isaRenaissanceideology.Itscoreideaisbourgeoisindividualism,basedonthetheoryofthebourgeoisie,"HumanNature."Humanismadvocatesapeople-centered,improvepeople'sauthority,praisedthehumanvalueanddignity.HumanistsPraise"humanity"derogatory"divinenature";promote"humanrights",no"divineright."Europeanbourgeoisieemphasizeenrichment"achievement"thatcelebratespersonal"wit"and"entrepreneurialspirit",sotryingtopreachandspreadofhumanistideas,supportforthedeepeningandexpansionoftheRenaissance.ThecoreideaofRenaissanceishumanism.HumanismisthemainthoughtandtheguidingideologyinEuropeanRenaissanceoftheearlybourgeoisieagainstfeudalism,thestruggleagainstthechurchformedideology.HumanismopposedtoalltheoldconceptsofGod,promotehumanisallthings,with"humanrights"againstthe"divineright"torulemedievalchurchesandreligiousdoctrineschallenges.ItbrokethroughthemedievalChristianthoughtcontrolonpeople,wakeuppeople'sentrepreneurialspiritandcreativespirit,whichisintheideologicalaspectsoftheestablishmentofthecapitalistsystem,hasopeneduptheroad.(1)TheMainContentsofRenaissanceHumanismFirst,thecoreofHumanismistoemphasizethestatus,valueanddignityofhuman,human-centered,certainlyreallifeandsecularlife,respectforreason,emphasizingindividual-8- freedom.EuropeanRenaissancepioneerDanteboldlysingshumanvaluesanddignity,hesaid:"Man'snoble,foritsmanyachievements,morethananobleangel."Hebelievesthatallhumanbeingshavetheabilitytomakeadifferenceindisciplineandarts,andtobeinnovative.Headvocated"bornwithastrongintellectandconquerpeople,"thusnegatingthereligiousrightabovethemonarchicaltheory.BritishhumanistShakespeareenjoyspraisinghumandignityanddignityinhis“Hamlet”plays:"Maniswhatagreatpieceofwork!Idealsofhownoble,howinfinitepower!Instrumentationandmannersarehowcorrect,howgoodofbehavior,howlikeanangel,ontheunderstanding,howlikegods!Cosmicessence,primateofallthings!"Second,Humanismagainstasceticism,emphasizingtherealmeaningoflife,promotespositivelife,toencouragepeopletopursuearealhappylifeandworldlypleasures.Humanistsgivefullrecognitiontohuman’snatureandthenaturalrequirementto,whichiscontrarytothekindofChristianascetic,preachingthepursuitoftheafterlifeparadise.Third,humanistspromotescientificandrational,againstobscurantismandmysticism.Theybraverytothe"supreme"theologicalauthorityissuedafiercechallenge.Humanistsshowtheworldthepursuitofknowledgeandtruthconvictionandestablishagoodimage.PeopleopenedtheireyesfromignoranceandconfusionandsawatremendousbreadthoftheNewWorld,andtheyopenthegiantmouth,indulgesuckinginthescientificandculturalknowledgeoftheocean.Bacon'sfamousphrase"knowledgeispower"wasbestsummedontheEuropeandesireforknowledge.(2)TheHistoricSignificanceofHumanismFirst,topromoteEuropeantransitionfromaGod-centeredtopeople-centered,causingpeopleawakening,sothatmakepeopleshiftedtheafterlifetothesecular.Itawakenedtheentrepreneurialspirit,creativespiritandscientificspiritofpeople,whichhasopeneduptheroadtotheestablishmentofthecapitalistsysteminthespirit.Second,inthewayofthinking,humanismpromotescientificandrational,againstobscurantismandmysticism,breakingthemedievaltheologyandotherexternalauthority’sconstraintstoideological.ItnotonlyabandonedthevisionofGodinfavorofpeople'seyes,butalsowiththeirowneyestoobservepeople,societyandnature.Theseprogressiveideasforthefutureclearedtheway,sincethen,thenaturalsciencesstepsforward.JustasofLeonardoDaVincisaid,"Whorelyontheauthoritycitationfordebate,heisnouseofreasonthatisdesignedtoactfrommemory."Third,theRenaissancealsobrokethereligiousmysticismdomination,astrongimpetusandinfluenceofreligiousreformmovement,andprovidedapowerfuldrivingforcetothemovement.FromLuther'sthinkingisevident.Lutherbelieved,moreimportantthanthemonarch."Iamaperson,thistitleevenhigherthanthemonarch.Because:Godnevercreatedmonarch,Godonlycreatedman,soIbecameaman."Hepersonallyfromcelibacytomarriage,haveshownthatthevalueofhisattentiontopeople,attentiontoworldlypleasures.ThisshowsthatheisstronglyinfluencedbytheRenaissance.RenaissancehumanistsexposedthecorruptionandtheuglyoftheCatholicChurchthroughliterature,artandotherformsofsatire.3.TheAuthorWilliamShakespeareisoneofthegreatestEnglishRenaissancepoets.Manypoemsofhislifecompleteintheearlyofitsart.DuringthisperiodShakespeareHumanismandartisticstyles-8- evolved.ThenBritishruleofQueenElizabethisintheheydayofroyalstable,economicprosperity,nationalprosperity,peopleandstability.AtthistimeShakespearewasyoung,emotionalelegance,placedonabetterlifeexpectations,theidealisfullofinfiniteyearning,worksfilledwithoptimismclear,positivemainstreamtones.Shakespeare'ssonnetstothebeautifulmelodiesandsoundsoftherhetoricextollingtheworldmostbeautifulemotions-loveandfriendship,conqueredtheagesgenerationsofmanyreaders.Shakespeare'ssonnetsoverflowstreamstrongfeelingsanddeepthinking,humanismshiningglory.TheseideasmercilesslyattackedtheDarkAgesofthefeudalethics,warmlypraisedthehumanpersonality,claiminghumanequality,givespeoplewithanewcontentandmeaning,totheEuropeanRenaissanceHumanismhighestlevel.WilliamShakespearestandsontopofthepeakinworldculture,literarygatheringthetruth,goodnessandbeautyinone.AsCaoYupointedout,hewas"agiantmankindpermanentlysurprised."Hiswealthofart,canbesaidthataninformativeandlively"giant",notonlyprofoundreflection"giantera"culturalstyleandforgeinnovativefeatures,butalsoinitsforward-thinkingledtoagenerationlater,anothergenerationofpeopletoprovidetheaestheticvalueofinterestingandfunmulti-code.Hisdramaenables16-17thcenturyEnglishdramamorebrilliant;colorfultragedy,comedy,historicaldrama,melodramaandpoetry,literarysymphonyintheworldhasitsownspecialsound,hasapowerfulandtimelesscharm.Shakespeare'sliteraryandartisticcreationtoteachpeopletounderstanduppercase"human"dignity,noble,valueandstrength.HeAcurawithanuppercase"people"asthecenterofhumanism,byvirtueofthenewEthics,holdhighthebannerofsocialcriticism,asassertivepurehumanityandattackedFool"divinity"andunabashedlyoriginaldisclosureascapitalaccumulationprocessandtheemergenceofdistortedhumanshadows.Differenttimes,differentnationalities,countriesandpeopleintheareaarefromShakespearedramaandpoetryfounditsinfinitevitality.Theaterpoetindeedworthyofthepraise-orientedBenJonson's"TimeoftheSoul","donotbelongtoanerawhichbelongstoallofthecentury."AsahumanistShakespeare,inhisplayintheperformanceofhumanconsciousness,thepowerofreasonandfreewillrole.However,humanismshouldincludenotonlytheconcernofpeople,humanvaluesanddignitymaintenance,butalsoshouldincludeunderstandingofhumannature,understandingofhumannature,ontherelationshipbetweenmanandtheuniversethinking,thisisthespiritofhumanismthedeepmeaning,likeAllenBullocksaid:"peopleontheirownexperienceasaperson,toGod,tounderstandthenaturalstartingpoint.""Hamlet"issuchawork.4.TheDrama"Hamlet"isoneofthemasterpiecesofShakespeare'stragedies.IsthestoryofHamletPrinceofDenmarkHumanismcenterinGermanyWittenbergcollege,hegotasuddenviolentdeathofhisfatherafterthebadnews,thefuneralhomeimmediately.Atthattime,hisuncleClaudiuswasabouttoascendthethroneandmarriedhismotherhastilychangedthenewking.TheseunfortunatenewsmakesHamletdistressed,world-wearymoodatthistimequietlyproduced.Hismotherandthenewkingintheweddingnight,thefather'ssoulsuddenlyappearedoverthecastle,tryingtotellhissonhisrealcauseofdeath:Claudiusmurderedhisfatherwasdead.SoHamletToprovethispoint,infrontofeverybodypretendedinsanitylook.Butthecrafty,cunningHamletClaudiusbegantosuspect,hasrepeatedlysentHamlettemptedhimtogooldschool,youcaneventuallyseethroughHamlet.Once,Hamlettakingadvantageofthedramateamperformances,theactorswhostageda"ratmachine",andinvitedthenewkingandqueenoneuptowatch.The-8- playisaboutadukeofViennapoisonedbyhisrelativesinthegarden,themurdererwillsooncheatedduchessbehiswife.TheplayHamletwantstomapthebehaviorofClaudiusandverifytheauthenticityofhisfather,then.Sureenough,thenewkingafterwatchingtheshowpallor,rushtoleave.Hisfather'swordsconfirmed,isthathisunclekilledhisfatherusurperperson.ClaudiuswasafraidhewouldhurthimselfwouldperhapswillsendHamlettoEngland,andsecretlywrotetotheBritishking,lethimgetridofHamlet.MayintotheUKontheway,HamletaccidentallydiscoveredClaudiustotheKingofEnglandtowritealetter,socountonthemeter,changedinside,sodeportedhimtoEnglandforhimtodie,himselfthroughpiratehelpsmoothreturntoDenmark.ThenOphelialoverbecausehisfatherwaskilled,hiswifewasdeportedHamlettoosadcountrylastdrowned.Polonius'ssonbringstogetheragroupofpeoplewanttoavengehisfather.SoonaftertheywereatOphelia'sfuneralmet.LeodisschallengetoHamlet.DespicableClaudiusandHamletthenlethimcomethroughthefencingduel,andfinallyavengehisfather'sdeathduetopoisoningthemselveswhilethe.PrinceofDenmarktoavengehisfather'sstoryasearlyasthe12thcenturywaswritten.Somewritersthat"Hamlet"isbasedonthescreenplayofthesamenameThomasKidd"SpanishTragedy"adaptedfrom.Hamlet'sstorytakesplaceinthemiddleofEurope,whenEuropeisinthefeudalforcesandthechurchwasbuiltundertheruleofroyalforces.Nevertheless,Shakespearedoesnotconfinedtothetwo,butbyhumanisticperspectivetowritethestorynow,wouldHumanismproperlyintotheworks,withaviewofHumanismChurchwiththefeudalideaofresistance,theonlysimplyinordertoavengehisfather'sstoryadaptedintoasocialtragedy,ithasastrongflavorofthetimeswhiledeepeningthethemeofthestory."Hamlet"isShakespeare'smostfamous-theMinistryoftragedy,ithighlightsreflecttheauthor'shumanistthought.Shakespearesaid,hisworkis,"accordingtoamirrortonature,takealookathisfacetovirtue,totakealookattheirabsurdgesture,tolookattheirowntimesandsocialimageandimprint.""Hamlet"istheepitomeofanera."Hamlet"depictinghumanpsychologyisveryrichlanguage,whichinShakespeare'stragedyisallveryprominent.AsmostofHamlet'scharacteris"madness"speakout,his"absurdmouthfulofwords,"burstoutlikeaspark.Claudiuscynicallanguageimpliesuglyoutofhissnakeinthegrass.Poloniuslovetousepoeticlanguage,givesafunnyimpression.In"Hamlet,"thisdrama,canbeseeneverywhereintheeyesofhisowntypicalcharacterintentionallyportrayedasaheroofingenuity:Hamletshenanigansinagainstastrongerenemyharshcircumstances,hedaredtobetitfortatstruggletobreakthecraftykinghesetthe-alltrap:firstpiercedPoloniusandRosenCrane,whoconductedspyingandsurveillancetrick;alsoallowsthequeenfoundconscience;followedbya"transferpackagemeter"exceptcraftykinglosttwopawns,thecraftyking"Collateral"plotshattered;finally"eyeforaneyepersoninhisbody",thedoubletrap-poisonedswordandgavethepoisonedwinecraftyking.Ineachroundofthefight,theimageofHamletseemedtall.Therefore,somecriticssay,"Hamlet"isa"giant"typeoftragedy,hisstatementisnotunreasonable.5.TheHumanisminHamletHamletisShakespeare'sidealizedimageofhumanists,butalsobethemostcontroversialinthehistoryofworldliteraturecharacters.HamletwasoriginallyayouthfullofoptimismHumanism;hebelievesthattheworldisaglamorousworld.HeAcurapeople,alsoneverlookshighandlowtoanyone.Hamlet,PrinceofDenmarkalthoughoutsidedressedaura,buttheheartisindeedaninnocent,moral,ideologicalandveryadvancedhumanist.Buthisfatherdiedandhismotherremarriedadoubleblow,hebecamedepressedandcynical.TheplayHamletPrincefrom-8- naivetodepressionprincethenrevengeprince,reflectsthedevelopmentofthetwistsandturnsthings,changing,butalsoreflectshimasahumanistcharacter.Hamletisatypicalhumanist,humanismadvantagesanddisadvantagesinhimareadequatelyreflected.Ontheonehand,Hamletisgoodatobservationandanalyticalthinking,withthinker’squalities.Ontheotherhand,Hamletasahumanist,everydaylivinginanideal,althoughheisgoodatobservingandexploringnewthings,butalwaysdivorcedfromreality,althoughpeopleareembracedhim,butheneverbelievedanyone,yourselfalwaysinanisolatedworld.InsuchaneraofgrowingupHamletisalwaysacontradictionbetweenrealityandtheidealfigure.Hamletdelaysrevengeagainandagain,missedalotofopportunities,sowecouldseefromtheotherHamlethumanisticspiritinthefacewhenthingsarealwaysdecisiveandlackofcourage,itisbecausehehassufferedhumanismerosion,willeventuallyleadtotragedy.Wecansee,"Hamlet"inthehumanistHamletfirstreflectedinpeople'sattitudes,butalsoreflectedintheequalityofthingsandpeople,butalsoreflectedinthefiguresforthewholeofhispersonalitycharacteristics."Hamlet"isahumanisttragedy,inthistragedy;HamletisarepresentativefigureofHumanism.ShakespearewasalsoatruereflectionofsocialrealityandtheBritishstrugglebetweenhumanistthought,reflectingtheendofthereignofQueenElizabeth,theBritishreality.HamletisthedawnoftheMiddleAgestomodernfeudalismtransitionalproduct,whileintheRenaissancehumanismisrepresentativeprototype.Hamletwasthehumanistfocusandgeneralization,butalsoaccordingtotheirownfavoriteofShakespeareportrayedprince.PeopleHamletcharacteristics,butalsobecauseofhishumorisrootedinfolkloreandextremelyvividlanguagefeatures."Hamletisatypicalhumanistthinker.Hamlethascertainhumanistideas.Indeed,beforehesufferedmisfortune,hismindisthereahumanistideal."CertainlyShakespeare'sHamletisshaping"acountrywithahighlysensitivepoliticalmindofthehero,anidealRenaissancegenius,aknowledgeable,ethicalperfectionnoblepeople","advancedelementsasahumanist,nodoubt,hisvisionismoreopenthantheaverageperson,therealmofamoreprofound,morebroadminded,moralandnobleidealsandmoreperfect."Inaddition,Hamletisextremelysensitiveinmorality,whichmightbeaffectedbythehumanistidealandcodeofconductandthereligiousrestraint."Hamlet"insomelinesishumanistsforacomprehensivedevelopmentofphysicalandmentally,perfectedpeopleeulogize:howmanisanexceptionalboutique:Whatanoblereason!Howgreatthepowerof!Whatasuperiorinstrument!Whatagentlemoves!Inbehaviorhowlikeanangel!Inwisdomhowlikeagod!Cosmicessence!Primateofallthings!Hamlet"theirpersonalexperiencesandtheentiresociety,peopleandcloselylinkedtothefateofallmankind,whichistheimmortalHamlettypicalmaximumideologicalsignificance,""asahumanist,whoembodyideasofhumanprogress,alltheevilinhisheartprovokedintenseanger,allgoodmakehimhappy,Hamletisboundtoovercomethiscrisis,choosetotakearmsagainstaseaofpainroads,throughtheopposingendthem.""Hamlet"isthethemeofhumanism,namely15,16centuryemergingbourgeoishumanitarianism."See"HamletattheUniversityofFortWhittinghamhastrainedthislittleworldofhumanismhumanistidealsintolifeastherulertomeasureeverythinghabits.Hamlet,afterall,ahumanist,heneverforgotideals,alwaysattempttoidealchangereality.althoughherebuffedeverywhere,butneverwaveredandloweringthebasicprinciplesandidealsofhumanismhorizontal","wastheprincipalcontradictioninthissociety,itisreflectedintheheroHamletrepresentedpowerandsocialprogressglaborledtoClaudiuscontradictionbetweenthereactionaryrulingclique."Laterpublished"ShakespeareDictionary"-8- and"ShakespeareDictionary"andotherworksstillholdthisview.Ofcourse,HamletisheldhumanistviewofatypicalimageofEuropeandeveninShakespearestudies,somescholarsholdthisview,asToby•Robertsonthat"HamletrepresentsanewRenaissanceman,thehumanitiesadvocates.DramawrittenagainstthebackdropofmedievalEuropelastyears,whichisthefeudalsocietywithanascenthumanism,Hamletencounters,heisnotatraditionalhero,butonbehalfoftheRenaissanceadvancedpeople."Hamlettypicalimageonthepositioningwehaveseenasignificantideologicalfactorsalthoughweakened,butnotcompletelyextinct.”Inessence,heisalate16thcentury,early17thcenturyBritishhumanisttypical.Playwrightputallhisthoughtsandfeelingsinjecthumanistprince'simage.TragedyofHamletisgenerationofRenaissancehumanisminEuropetragedy."Accordingly,HamletandShakespeareHumanismisexactlythesame,ShakespeareHamletisequivalenttoit.Hamletisatragedygiventhecentralfigure.Hamletisatypicalhumanistthinker,butalsointhisimageofinjecthimself(Shakespeare)ideals."Hamlet'scharacterandpersonalitychangesandthetragicending,themostprofoundreflectionofhistoricalprogressHumanismandfatalweaknessashumanists-emergingbourgeoisieprogressivethinkers,hehasgoodvisionandgooddesire,hesawthedeclineofthefeudalsociety,theriseofcapitalisminthishistoricturningpointthevariouscontradictions,butalsotoseeandhatetheevilofcapitalism,andthathastheresponsibilitytochangethissituation,hewilleventuallygettothisstateofaffairschangeconfidence.""Hamlet"isahumanistthinker’stragedy,”Shakespeare’suseofrevengetradition,through“Hamlet”,“showsthehumanistanguishandtheirownlimitations."Inaddition,intheworks,Shakespearealsousedthelanguageofhighlypersonalizedtointerprethumanistcharacter.IntheplayHamletsaydifferentoccasions,sometimeselegant,sometimesviolent,sometimessomephilosophical,sometimesitisridiculed,sucharichlanguageHamlethumanismcharacterizedmostvividly.WithShakespeare"Hamlet"alsoexpressedhiscompassionandtoilingmassesofsocialsympathy,butsharplycriticizedthebrutalityoftheeliterulingclassandgreed.Reflectingthehumanism’sequality,freedomthought.6.ConclusionHumanismintheRenaissancechurchbroketheshacklesoffeudalsocietyundertheinfluenceofthisideaalsogeneratedalotofculturalandartisticmasterpiece.Humanismineducationreform,ancientexcavationsandfinishingalsoplayedanimportantrole,andlaidamodernEuropeaneducationandhumanitiesresearch.Becausetherealityandimportanceofhumanismadvocatefreethinking,andthusalsoforthehistoryoftheRenaissancemovement---twogreatreligiousreformandtheriseofthenaturalsciencesprovideideologicalweapon.Shakespearestandingheightofhumanism,withhisbrilliantpoemasaweapon,claimingthattheidealisgreatest,powerofpeopleinexhaustible,thatthefreedompursuit,equalityandenjoymentofearthlyhappinessisahumaninstinct,advocatedrationalityisasourceofpleasure,advocacyknowledgeispower.Inhissonnets,thepoeteulogizeasincereloveoffreedom,pureandinnocentfriendship,sincerekindnessofhumanityandhumanconquestofthetimewhen,todominatethefateofthegoodwishes,mercilessfloggingatheologyofcontemptforhumanityasceticism,reflectstheRenaissancepeoplecravinggoodfeelings,thepursuitofpersonalhappinesshumanism.AlthoughShakespeare'spoetrymixedwiththespiritofbourgeoisdross,buthisextraordinarycourageisadmirable,andhishumanistidealswillalsobeaccompaniedbyhisgrandpoemthroughtimeandspace,sungthroughtheages.ThroughthepenofShakespeare's"Hamlet"willbeexpressedclearlyHumanismand-8- humanisticideashasconductedfordeepreflection.AlthoughtheidealofHamletrepresentshistoricaldevelopmentrequirements,butthisrequirementcertainlycannotbecomeareality.Shakespeare'sHamletandClaudiusthroughthestrugglebetweenrealityandfullyreflecttheEnglishHumanismcontradictionbetweentheidealandtherealityofbeingdestroyedbythedark,thendisplayedHumanismandbrutalstrugglebetweentheforcesofdarkness,inasense,thetragedyofHamletisthewholetragedyofthetimes.ShakespearethroughitsHumanism"Hamlet,"thepoliticalandhistoricalthemesclearlyexpressed,andfilledhisprofoundreflectiononHumanism.ThroughtheplayHamletandClaudiusledthestrugglepalacegroup,reflectingthehumanistidealsandtherealityoftheconflictbetweentheUnitedKingdom,andthehumanistidealsweredestroyedbytheuglyreality;demonstratedtheeraofadvancedandpowerfulevilforcesthestrugglebetweentheforces.ShakespearerepresentedbyClaudiusabsolutemonarchyforcesweremercilesslyexposed,whiletheprinceHamletperformedthishumanistanti-feudalstruggleagainstthetyrannygaveawarmappreciationandprofoundsympathy."Hamlet"bothprofoundlyrevealedthesocialcontradictions,butalsopraisedthehumanistcharacterandfightingspiritthatinspiredthepeopledonotcompromisewiththereactionaryforcesinthestruggleforhumanismspreadintheUKandEuropehasplayedahugeboosteffect.Bibliography[1]Dodd.CarleyH.2006.DynamicsofInterculturalCommunication(FifthEdition)[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress.[2]Eliot,T.S.1963.“HamletandHisProblems"inCyrusHoyed..Hamlet:AnAuthoritativeTextIntellectualBackgroundsExtractsfromSourcesEssaysinCriticism.[M].NY:w.w.Norton&Company,Inc.[3]GoetheJohannWolfgangvon,1963.“ASoulUnfit"inCyrusHoyed..Hamlet:AnAuthoritativeTextIntellectualBackgroundsExtractsfromSourcesEssaysinCriticism.[M].NY:w.w.Norton&Company,Inc.[4]GranvilleBarker,Harley.1963."PrefacetoShakespeare"inEdwardHublered.TheTragedyofHamlet:PrinceofDenmark.[M].NY:TheAmericanLibrary,Inc.[5]Hazlitt,William.1963.“CharactersofShakespeare'sPlays:Hamlet"inCyrusHoyed..Hamlet:AnAuthoritativeTextIntellectualBackgroundsExtractsfromSourcesEssaysinCriticism[M].NY:w.w.Norton&Company,Inc.[6]ChineseUnionVersion.2007.HolyBible.[M].NationalTSPM&CCC.[7]Hoy,Cyrus.1963.Hamlet:AnAuthoritativeTextIntellectualBackgroundsExtractsfromSourcesEssaysinCriticism[M].NY:w.w.Norton&Company,Inc.[8]万奉祥.《莎士比亚评论汇编》即将出版[J].外国文学研究,1994,(04):136.[9]张屏.人文主义与文艺复兴[J].徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1998,24(04):94-95,165.[10]王忠祥,杜娟.《外国文学研究》与莎士比亚情结—兼及中国莎士比亚研究[J].外国文学研究,2004,(05):5-15.[11]肖四新.论莎士比亚的人性观[J].宁夏大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007,29(01):99-105.[12]陈芝,陈硕.莎士比亚诗歌中的“人文主义”理想[J].中外名作赏析,2008,(06):62-63.[13]魏嘉利.莎士比亚人文主义思想在《哈姆雷特》中的体现[J].文学评论,2011,11(01):31-32.-8-