中国乡土文学在翻译中的美学呈现——《小二黑结婚》汉英翻译实践报告

中国乡土文学在翻译中的美学呈现——《小二黑结婚》汉英翻译实践报告2014陈波硕士英语笔译郭凤鸣 ClassifiedIndex:U.D.C:SouthwestUniversityOfScienceandTechnologyMasterDegreeThesisTheAestheticReproductioninChineseLocalLiteratureTranslation—Chinese-EnglishTranslationofTheMarriageofYoungBlackyGrade:2014Candidate:ChenBoAcademicDegreeAppliedfor:MasterSpecialty:EnglishTranslationSupervisor:GuoFengmingMay18,2016 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第I页AbstractLocalliteraturehasgraduallydevelopedintoavitalliterarygenreandexertedanincontrovertibleinfluenceinmodernliteraturehistorysincethe1930s.While,withthemodernizationgettingdeeperinChina,coincidentwithforeigncultureshocks,localliteraturepopularizationhaswonpriorityforitsraredevelopmentopportunityinmoderntimes.ComposedbyZhaoShuli,TheMarriageofYoungBlacky,successfullydepictsusacolorfullifestylesandfolklorecultureinremotemountainareabyvirtueofcolloquialartexpressionsplusmassiveemploymentofrusticutterances.Thisreportincludesfiveparts.Initially,translatormakesabriefintroductiontotranslationpracticesignificanceandtherequisitepreparations.Ontopofthat,theanalysesfocusingonthelanguagecharactersaswellastheculturalconnotationsinthefollowingpartgranttranslatoratightmasterytosourcetext.Thethirdpartcomesupwiththecorrespondingsolutionsforvarioustranslationobstaclesintranslationpracticebasedonacomprehensiveinterpretationtosourcetext.Inthefourthpart,translatorprovidesfeedbackregardingtheapplicationoftranslationaestheticstheory.Additionally,anall-dimensionalassessmenttothewholetranslationpracticehasbeenmadeinlastpart.Inpractice,translatordiscoveredthatliteraltranslationonthesolelylinguisticlevelwasfarfromenoughtosupportthewholetranslationprocessletalonetoreappeartheliteraryaestheticsinsourcetext.Hence,apartfromanadeptmasterytoauthor’swritingstyles,translatorturnhiseyesfromthemasteryofwords,phrases,sentencestranslationtoaestheticreproductioninthetargettextinhopetominimizetheliterarylossandpopularizethequintessenceofChinesecultureKeywords:TheMarriageofYoungBlacky;LocalLiterature;AestheticReproductionI 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第II页II摘要自上世纪三十年代以来，乡土文学发展成为中国现代文学中的一支重要流派。随着中国现代化进程的不断深入，加之外来文化的冲击，弘扬中国特色文化成为新的时代课题。作为中国固有的本土文化——乡土文化在当今形势正面临着新的历史发展契机。由我国乡土文学作家赵树理先生所创作的《小二黑结婚》不仅是一部发人深省的文学作品，而且还是一部充满异域色彩的乡土小说。该报告共包含五个部分。开篇为引言，笔者对该翻译任务的背景意义以及译前准备做了简要介绍。接着笔者通过对源文本的分析，阐述了原作者在遣词造句以及意境内涵方面的特点。第三部分为案例分析，以文本分析为依托，就翻译中遇到的问题提出相应的解决方法，并进行了翻译效果反馈。在结语处，笔者对本次翻译实践过程进行概括和反思。在实践中译者发现，立足于字、词、句、段落、语法层面上的翻译势必会造成源文本意境及内涵的缺失，进而影响到整个乡土文化的美学呈现。借助翻译美学理论，将重点向视觉美、意境美等主观方向倾斜，能够在很大程度上减少由于理解不到位、方法不适当、表述不准确而造成的源语文化内涵的缺失关键词:《小二黑结婚》;乡土文学;美学呈现II 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第III页IIContentsAbstract..............................................................................................................I摘要....................................................................................................................III.Introduction.................................................................................................11.1BackgroundandSignificanceofTranslationPractice...................................11.2PreparationofSourceText.............................................................................21.2.1IntroductiontoLocalLiterature.............................................................21.2.2ResearchSignificanceofTheMarriageofYoungBlacky......................31.3PreparationofRelatedTheory.......................................................................31.3.1IntroductiontoTranslationAesthetics....................................................31.3.2AestheticTheoriesinLocalLiteratureTranslation................................5II.AnalysesofSourceText.........................................................................62.1RhymeCharacter............................................................................................62.2RhetoricCharacter.........................................................................................62.3VisualizationCharacter..................................................................................72.4ArtisticConceptionCharacter........................................................................8III.CaseAnalysesofTranslationAesthetics.....................................103.1AestheticReproductionofRhyme...............................................................103.1.1TranslationPracticeandRevisionofAABB........................................103.1.2TranslationSolutionsinDealingwithABAB......................................113.2AestheticReproductionofRhetoric.............................................................113.2.1AestheticSubjectinMetaphorTranslation...........................................123.2.2TheAbandonofForminDisposingParallelism...................................123.2.3TheUnityofFormandContentinAntithesis.......................................133.3AestheticReproductionofVisualization.....................................................133.3.1TheApplicationofThirdPersonPerspective.......................................133.3.2TheEmploymentofVerbs....................................................................143.3.3TheAmplificationofAbstractAdjectives............................................143.4AestheticReproductionofArtisticConception...........................................153.4.1TranslationofCultureLoadedVocabularies........................................153.4.2TranslationofVocabularieswithDistinctTimeCharacteristics..........16IV.TranslationProofreadingandFeedback.....................................19V.Conclusion................................................................................................20Acknowledgments........................................................................................21Bibliography..................................................................................................22Appendix.........................................................................................................24SourceTextTargetText 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第1页ChapterI.Introduction1.1BackgroundandSignificanceofTranslationPracticeCurrently,manyscholarsproposetosetuplocaltranslationtheoreticalsystemwithChinesecharactersandbringittotheoutsideworldviamassiveintroductionofexcellentwesterntranslationtheoriesandideologies.“WhetherChinesetranslationshouldbedyedwiththecolorofChinesecharactersissubjecttotheliteraturevalueorientationinthesociety”(LiuMiqing,2005:17).OnaccountoftheinherententanglementwithChinesetraditionalliterature,localliteraturehasbeenplayingasignificantroleinmodernChineseliteraturehistory.On18.May2016,Xi,theGeneralSecretaryofCPCindicatedhisintentiontoacceleratetheestablishmentofphilosophyandsocialsciencewithChinesecharacteristics.Therefore,localliteratureisfacingitsraredevelopmentopportunity.“Notwolanguagesareidentical,eitherinthemeaningsgiventocorrespondingsymbolsorinthewaysinwhichsymbolsarearrangedinphrasesandsentences;itstandstoreasonthattherecanbenoabsolutecorrespondencebetweenlanguages.Hence,therecanbenofullyexacttranslations.”(EugeneA.Nida,1974:25)AccordingtoEugeneNida,dynamicequivalenceisthe“Qualityofatranslationinwhichthemessageoftheoriginaltexthasbeensotransportedintothereceptorlanguagethattheresponseofthereceptorisessentiallylikethatoftheoriginalreceptors.”(EugeneA.Nida,1998:9)Yetthecorrespondingsolutionstodealwiththenon-equivalenceinlocalliteraturetranslationarerestrainedintonumberedtranslationtechniqueslikeliteraltranslation,freetranslation,domestication,foreignization.Eventhoughsuchkindofvocabularytranslationmanagestoendowthetranslationbeginnerwithamorevisualizedsenseofculturaltransform,yetitgoeswithoutsayingthatthiskindofliteraltranslationisprettyfeebleinreappearingsincerefeelingsofthesourcetext.Therefore,thelattertalkingwill1 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第2页emphasizeontheaestheticreproductionofvisualization,andartisticconception.Whatfollowsinthispassagebreaksthroughthelinguisticlimitationsandmaximallyreproducestheaestheticfeaturesbymeansofanadeptgraspofrhyme,rhetoric,visualizationandartisticconceptioninTheMarriageofYoungBalcky.Andthetranslatorwillexcerptseveralutterancesinthisarticleandillustratestheprocessofaestheticsonbasisofdetailedanalysisandcomparisontothesourcetextlanguagestructure,theme,literarystyleandsocialbackground,bywhich,thetranslatorwilluncoverhislimitsinliterarytranslation,honehistranslationskillsanddohisbittotransmitexcellentChineselocalliterature.1.2PreparationoftheSourceText1.2.1IntroductiontoLocalLiteratureLocalliteraturehasalwaysbeenwellknownforitscolorfullocalfeaturesinmodernnovelsystem.Accordingtoresearch,theconceptionoflocalliteraturewasfirstputforwardbyLuXuninhisnovels.“Therulingclasshassensedtherevolutionarysmellinlocalliterature,anoverwhelmingstrength.”(Observer,Edition7,1978)Throughhavingnotclearlydefinedthisnew-emergingliterarybranch,heformulatedtheprimarystyleinthiskindofliterarycreationaswellasthehiddeninformationinthiskindofliteraryexpressions.In1936,MaoDunfurthereditsdevelopmentbyraisingthedominantcharacterinlocalliteraturecreation:“intermsoflocalliterature,Ithinkwecouldseenothingbutexoticsceneryifwesolelyallocatedoureffortstothedescriptionoflocalconditionsandcustomers.Thoughwecanappreciatethepicturesquelandscapes,whatwegetwasjustthesatisfactionofourcuriosity.Apartfromthespecialfolklores,thecommonstrugglingefforttoourroughdestinyisanotheraspectthatdeservesattentions.”(MaoDun,1984:8)Gradually,localliteraturehasgrowntobeasignificantgenreinmodernhistoryofliteratureforitscommoncharacterswithChineseliteraryworks.OnaccountofthecloseinterrelationwithChinesetraditionalliteratureinhistoricalbackground,folkcustomsandsocialcontext,localliteraturehasincreasinglyexertedasignificantinfluenceinmodernChineseliteraturehistoryandmakespeoplegetafullsenseofthechangesinsocietyinadvertently.2 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第3页1.2.2SignificanceofTranslationPracticewithSourceTextofTheMarriageofYoungBlakcyAstothelocalliteraturetranslationresearch,mostscholarsareinclinedtofocusonmodernChinesewritingslikedramas,poetry,proseandnovels,inwhichtheaestheticperspectiveshadbeenwidelyutilized.“Astherepresentativeartworkoflocalculture,TheMarriageofYoungBlackysuccessfullycatchestheliteraleyesightfromthepublic.”(LiaoChaohui,2013:2).Justastheabovementioned,giventhelimitationsinsolelylinguistictranslation,theauthorallocateshismajorattentiontothegraspofagresticsensationviaadetailedinterpretationtoTheMarriageofYoungBlacky,especiallythedepictionoflocaldemeanorsandcustomersaswellasthestrugglingspiritandthirstyforfreedominachangingsociety.Meanwhile,thereasonwhytranslatorchoseitasthesourcetextofhistranslationpracticecouldalsobederivedfromtheprofoundconnotationitbears.InTheMarriageofYoungBlacky,Zhaoexhibitedhisdeepsympathytothepeasantsinremotemountainareasaswellashisappreciationtotheirunremittingstrivingformarriagefreedomandindividualemancipation.SuchkindofpursuittofreedomwasavividdepictionoftheearlystagemodernizationinChina.Moreover,theexquisite,concise,humorousexpressionmethodsofMr.Zhaogotafulldemonstrationinthisarticle,suchasthemassiveemploymentofreduplicatedwords,rhetoricfigures,andscene-changing.1.3PreparationoftheRelatedTheoryWhenitcomestotheapplicationoftheories,thetranslatoronceattemptedtorevivifytheaestheticconceptionbymeansoftheisolatedtheoreticalsystemsuchasliteraltranslationandfreetranslation,domesticationandforeignization,semantictranslationandcommunicativetranslation,functionalequivalence,whichwasfinallydemonstratedtobeawrongpathindealingwithtransformationwithoutlosingtheintegratedliterarycharactersinsourcetext.Hence,tomaximallyretainthelanguagecharactersandemotionalconnotations,translatorallocatedhisattentiontoaesthetictranslationbywhichtranslatorsuccessfullydecreasedthedrainofbothlanguageandhumanisticconnotation.1.3.1BriefIntroductiontoTranslationAestheticAftertheReformandOpening-up,Chineseandwesternexchangeincreasedalong3 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第4页withthefourthtranslationclimaxinculturalfield.Inabsorbingwesternaestheticsoftranslation,Chinesescholarsstillpersistedintheframingoftheirowntranslationaesthetics.Intheearly1980s,thedefinitionof“translationaesthetics”wasinitiallyputforwardbyZhuGuangqianandthefirstmonographintranslationaesthetic,ComparativeAestheticsofLiteraryTranslationwasavailablebytheeffortofXiYongjiin1992,whichexertedacriticalinfluenceinstructuringthetheoreticalframeworkviatheinterpretationonaestheticsubject,aestheticobject,aestheticstandardandaestheticreproducemethods.“Fortranslation,theaestheticsensationgeneratedfromcomparisonisthegoalthatdeservesourunremittingpursuit.”(XiYongji,2001:1)Abovementionedhassolidifiedthedominantroleoftranslationaestheticsinreappearingtheregionalcharactersoflocalliterature.Afewyearslater,LiuMiqing,awell-knownlinguist,publishedAnIntroductiontoTranslationandAestheticshaslaidasystematicfoundationforaesthetictranslationinwhichtheauthorexplainstheaestheticoriginandintentionalsystem.“ThemostpenetratingexpressioninChineselinguisticcustomsexistsintheplainestutterances.”(LiuMiqing,2005:13)ThedevelopmentofaesthetictranslationhasbeenlargelyadvancedbyAestheticProgressionin.JiangQiuxia,theauthor,putforwardtheaestheticappreciationonbasisofcognitivepsychologyandbroadenstheaesthetictranslationperspectives,andshebelievesthat“asuccessfulliterarytranslationreliesonthehighsenseofImage-GActualization”(JiangQiuxia,2002),Inwhichthesubjectiveinitiativeoftranslatorintransferringlanguagepreviouslyenhanced.Suchkindoftranslationideologyundoubtedlydiversifiedmoderntranslationtechniquesandcametruesomekindoftranslationprosperity.AestheticTranslationcameoutandprovideduswithapracticaltranslationmethodforitsfirmtheoreticalfoundationanddetailedillustrativesentences.Besides,benefitedfromtheperspirationandperseveranceoflinguisticscholars,aesthetictranslationhasobtaineditsunprecedentedachievementsinrecentdecadesandholdstheeyesightoftranslationfield.Believeitornot,aesthetictranslationhasexhibitedagiantpotentialityandgreattensioninreproducingthegrandeurofthesourcetext,whichpredestinatesit4 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第5页popularityinlocalliterarytranslation.1.3.2AestheticsTheoryinLocalLiteratureTranslationLocaltranslationemphasizesonthedeliveryofbothlinguisticformandliteraryimageofregionalfeatures.AsacriticalplatformtobridgeculturalgapbetweenChinaandforeigncounties,andpresentthecolorfulimagetooutsideworld,interculturaltranslationisincreasinglyplayinganindispensableroleinmodernculturecommunication,whichinevitablymakesaestheticstranslationprosperityirreversible.Suchastheco-relationaltranslationresearchesoflocalliterature,LifeandDeathareWearingMe,BorderTown,TheSunshineoverSangganRiver,andWorldofPlainness.etc.Though,alltheendeavorseventuallygotagoodharvest,thecurrentaesthetictranslationisfarfromenoughtosupporttherelatedresearchinthisfieldonaccountofthelanguagebarriersandculturaldisparityexistinginthesubjectandobjectoftranslationprocess.Itisprettycommontocomeacrosstheimpropertranslationlikemissingtranslation,wrongtranslationaswellasthevagueexpressionswhenbrowsingthetranslationversionsofliteraryclassicsbothhomeandabroad,whichinturnblocksthetrans-cultureexchange.Hence,thefollowingessaywillexpoundthetranslationaestheticsonbasisofacomprehensiveinterpretationtosourcetext.Byvirtueoftheamplificationofrhyme,rhetoric,visualizationandartisticconcept,theauthorwillexcavatein-depththeabovedeficienciesandfigureoutrelatedsolutionsandsparenoefforttoreproducethelocalaestheticsdescribedbyMr.ZhaoShuli.5 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第6页ChapterIIAnalysisoftheSourceTextLikewise,translatorhasbeencompletelypersuadedthataqualifiedtranslationversionwillneverarriveduntilalargeamountofprior-periodinvestmenthasbeenmade.“Besidessomesubjectiveelementsliketranslationintention,culturalbackground,andvariousideologies,theemploymentoftranslationstrategystillgetrestrictedbyaseriesofobjectivefactorssuchassourcetext,readeranticipationandsocialatmosphere.”(JinJiefu,2007:9)Asthefoundationofatranslationprocess,asufficienttranslationinputtosourcetextisindispensable.Inordertosmoothlypushforwardthetranslationscheduleandcomeoutascientificandauthentictranslationversion,theauthordidmakealotofpreparationsincludingtherhyme,rhetoric,visualizationandartisticconceptionanalysisofthesourcetext,whichcouldbecompletelyillustratedinthefollowing.2.1RhymeCharacterLanguage,thepreliminaryelementofliterature,wasthesymbolthatdemonstratesthecohesionofanethnicity.Asthemagnumopusoflocalliterature,TheMarriageofYoungBlackyportrayednumerousfiguresinremoteareasbymeansofhisproficientmasteryofdiction,especiallythemassiveutilizationofrhyme,whichcouldbefullyillustratedbytheusageofreduplicatewordswiththeformofAABBorABAB.Sourcetext:三仙姑是后庄于福的老婆，每月初一十五都要顶着红布摇摇摆摆装扮天神。（ZhaoShuli，2003:1）Sourcetext:二诸葛还要请区长“恩典恩典”，一个交通员把他推出来了。（ZhaoShuli，2003:9）Insourcetext,theemploymentofduplicationlike“摇摇摆摆”and“恩典恩典”strictlyabidebytheformofAABBandABAB,bywhichtheauthorstrengthensthetensionofhisutterances,endowsarticlewitharhythmsensationandvisualizesthecharacterimageswhenitisbeing.2.2RhetoricCharacterApartfromtheexquisitedictioninTheMarriageofYoungBlacky,anotherartisticexpressionwasthefrequentlyusedrhetoric,bywhichZhaogotaccesstothecharacterfeaturesprominenceandgavereaderadeepimpression.6 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第7页Metaphorprovidestheauthorwithaneffectivemethodtodescribetheobjectiveimage;furthermore,mostofthemetaphoricalobjectswerealldyedwiththecolorofregionalfeaturesandenablesreadertogetavisualizedsensationofthetargetthattheauthorwastryingtoportray.Sourcetext:只可惜宫粉涂不平脸上的皱纹，看起来好像驴粪蛋上下上了霜。（ZhaoShuli，2003:2）Thereisnowonderthat“驴粪蛋上下上了霜”isaperfectdescriptionofamiddle-agedwomanwhowasdesperateformakingupandfinallyfailedfortheexcessiveusageofcosmetics.Parallelism,knownasparallelstructureorparallelconstruction,isabalancewithinoneormoresentencesofsimilarphrasesorclausesthathavethesamegrammaticalstructure.Theapplicationofparallelismimproveswritingstyleandreadability,andisthoughttomakesentenceseasiertoprocess.Sourcetext:三仙姑也暗暗猜透大家的心事，衣服穿得更新鲜，头发梳得更光滑，首饰擦得更明，宫粉搽得更匀，不由青年们不跟着她转来转去。（ZhaoShuli，2003:3）Asarhetoricaldeviceusedinmanylanguages,parallelismlike“衣服穿得更新鲜，头发梳得更光滑，首饰擦得更明，宫粉搽得更匀”highlightstheironiceffectsandvivifiedthecharactersofthesourcetext.Antithesisisusedinwritingorspeecheitherasapropositionthatcontrastswithorreversessomepreviouslymentionedproposition,orwhentwooppositesareintroducedtogetherforcontrastingeffect.Anantithesismustalwayscontaindoublemeaningsduetothereproductionoftwoideaswithinonestatement.Theideasmaynotbestructurallyopposite,buttheyservetobefunctionallyoppositewhencomparingtwoideas.Sourcetext:捉贼要赃，捉奸要双。（ZhaoShuli，2003:8）Asto“捉贼要赃，捉奸要双,TranslatorpreferstoregardthisphraseasakindofsloganwithChinesetraditionalcharactersratherthanputitintothefieldofaClose-knitantithesiseventhoughitwasformedinastrictaccordancewithantithesis.2.3VisualizationCharacterTheprinciplestomakewhatyouaredepictingmorevisualizedlieinseveralaspectsaccordingtotheanalysisandsummaryoftheexpressionmannersinThe7 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第8页MarriageofYoungBlacky.Zhaowastryingtokeephimselffromtheusageofthefirstperspectivepronounandstrivingforthestructureofcomparisonsandspecialperceptionsbychangeofthenearandfareyesight.Thatistosaytheauthorwastryingtoplayapartofanimpartialnarrator.SourceText:刘家峧有两个神仙，邻近各村无人不晓：一个是前庄上的二诸葛，一个是后庄上的三仙姑。（ZhaoShuli，2003:1）Inthissection,theauthorsuccessfullyavoidtheapplicationofthefirstperspectivebymeansoftheemploymentofthethirdpersonperspectivelike“二诸葛”and“三仙姑”Moreover,theapplicationofabundantverbs,preciousandperceptual,camestraighttothepointwithouttheslightesthesitationandcompactwritingmanners.Sourcetext:她吃完了饭，换上新衣服、新手帕、绣花鞋、镶边裤，又擦了一次粉，加了几件首饰，然后叫于福给她备上驴，她骑上，于福给她赶上，往区上去。（ZhaoShuli，2003:8）Thelastpointistakinggoodadvantageofconcretenouns,whichreferringtophysicalentitiesthatcan,inprincipleatleastbeobservedbyatleastoneofthesenses.Itisanauthor'suseofvividanddescriptivelanguagetoadddepthtotheirwork.Itappealstohumansensestodeepenthereader'sunderstandingofthework.Powerfulformsofimageryengageallofthesensesprolenses.2.4ArtisticConceptionCharacterZhaoShulimadeanameforhimselfonceTheMarriageofYoungBlackywaspublished.Inthisnovel,theauthorsuccessfullyportrayeddiversepeasantcharacterimagesinsocialtransformation,inwhichthelovedestinyofYoungBlackyandQinhasexertedafar-reachinginfluenceinmodernhistoryofChineseliterature.Andalargeadvanceinanti-feudalismwascompletelyreflectedbythevictoryofindividualemancipationandmarriagefreedomofthisyoungpeasantcouple.Zhaorevealedthatanewlyemergingstrengthwasrisinginsocietyofremoteareas.Thefeudalthoughtswereunavoidablygettingextinctinspiteofcertainsurvivalsoffeudalism.Thehappyendinginhisnovelisavividportraitoftheapproachingoffreedom.Sourcetext:二诸葛原来叫刘修德，当年做过生意，抬脚动手都要论一论阴阳八卦，看一看黄道黑道。三仙姑是后庄于福的老婆，每月初一十五都要顶着红布8 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第9页摇摇摆摆装扮天神。（ZhaoShuli，2003:1）“阴阳八卦，黄道黑道”wasquiteanvividdescriptionthatportraitsthesurvivalsoffeudalismintheremotecountrysideintheearlystageofChinafoundation,additionally,suchkindofexpressionalsosteersthecontextofsourcetext.Sourcetext:金旺兄弟两个，看出这又是掌权的机会，大家也巴不得有人愿干，就把兴旺选为武委会主任，把金旺选为村政委员，连金旺老婆也被选为妇救会主席。其他各干部，硬捏了几个老头子出来充数。（ZhaoShuli，2003:7）Themassiveemploymentofwordslike“武委会主任”“村政委员”and“妇救会主席”undoubtedlygrantedthewholepassagewiththecharacteristicsofthetimes.Sourcetext:区长道：“给他订婚不由他，难道由你啦？老汉！如今是婚姻自主，由不得你了！你家养的那个小姑娘，要真是没有娘家，就算成你的闺女好了。”（ZhaoShuli，2003:6）MarriagefreedomhasalwaysbeenthetopicalissuesincethecollisionoffeudalismanddemocracyinthelonghistoryofChina.“婚姻自主”wasjusttheproductofage.Sourcetext:经过这次大会之后，村里人也都敢出头了。不久，村干部又都经过大改选，村里人再也不敢乱投坏人的票了。这其间，金旺老婆自然也落了选。偏她还变了口吻，说：“以后我也要进步了。（ZhaoShuli，2003:10）“要进步”insourcetextwasnothingelsebutatrueportrayalofspiritualworld,whichdeservesmuchpriorityinthefollowingtranslationpractice.Numbersofissueswerestillexistinginartisticbeautyrendering.“Theequivalenceinliterarytranslationwaslongjourneyinwhicheverypieceoftranslationworkwasstandingataparticulardestinationtowardsthemaximallyequivalentconversion.”(JiangQiuxia,2001).Thispaperusesthedescriptivetranslationstudymethodtodisposethethreemaindifficultiesandgivethecorrelativetranslationstrategies:translatorshouldbalancethetwoends:preservingtheoriginalimplicitbeautyandkeepthetranslatedversionreadable.Forpublicizingtheorientalimplicitfuzzybeauty,translatorshouldtrytoretaintheoriginaltranslationstructureandimage;attachingimportancetotheoriginalmood,“sacrificingmeaningtorhyme”isunworthy;somecompensatorymethodslikegeneralization,andsubstitutionshouldbeadoptedintranslatingthoseculture-loadedwords.9 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第10页III.CaseAnalysesofTranslationAestheticsInordertomaximallyreproducetheaestheticsoflocalliteratureintranslation,theauthormakeabundantcaseanalysesinfouraspectsincludingthereproduceofaestheticofrhyme,rhetoric,visualizationandartisticconceptiononbasisofaprofoundinterpretationtosourcetextaswellasanin-depthmasteryofrelatedtranslationtheorieslikeSkoposTheory,RelevanceTheory,FunctionalEquivalenceTheoryandVenuti’sForeignizationTheory.Theauthoralwaysbelievesthattranslationisalongjourneyinwhichamountsofcomparisons,correctionsandimprovementsaretheessentialcornerstonestosmoothlystriveforward.3.1AestheticReproductionofRhyme“ThemostcommonstyleofrhymeusedinsourcetextwasthemassiveutilizationofreduplicationlikeAABBandABAB.”(ShangXueqing,2014).AccordingtothedefinitioninWikipedia,Reduplicationisusedininflectionstoconveyagrammaticalfunction,suchasplurality,intensification,etc.,andinlexicalderivationtocreatenewwords.Itisfrequentlyusedwhenaspeakeradoptsatonemore"expressive"orfigurativethanordinaryspeechandisalsooften,butnotexclusively,iconicinmeaning.Reduplicationisfoundinawiderangeoflanguagesandlanguagegroups,thoughitsleveloflinguisticproductivityvaries.3.1.1TranslationPracticeandRevisionofAABBExample1Sourcetext:三仙姑是后庄于福的老婆，每月初一十五都要顶着红布摇摇摆摆装扮天神。（ZhaoShuli，2003:1）TheFirstDraft:ThirdFairywasthewifeofafellownamedYuFu.Onthefirstandthefifteenofeachmonthshedrapedaredclothonherheadandstruttedabout,claimingtobeaheavenspirit.TheFinalVersion:LadyFairy,thewifeofpeasantYuFu,wasfullofenthusiasmaboutdancing,struttingandswaggeringwitharedclothonherheadasifshegotinspiredfromtheimmortalsonnewmoonandfullmoondays.“Inviewofthedisparitylanguageexpressions,thereduplicationinChinesetextshouldnotappearinthecorrespondingEnglishtranslationversion.”(XuGuangying&10 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第11页YingYantong,2000)Atfirst,translatorinsistedinmakingdescriptionsforthereduplicatetypeAABBlike“摇摇摆摆”bymeansofthesoleadjectivelikestruttedabout,staggeringorstumbling.Thoughsuchkindsofexpressionswerequitefeebleincontinuingthedictionofthereduplicationexpression,theymanagedtogetreadersafullsenseofthetruemeaningofsourcetext.However,oncenoticedthe“Laughedandchatted”inthetranslationversionofSidneyShapiro,afamoustranslationtheorist,translatorresolutelychosetoadopthistranslationmodelandmeanwhile,herefinedhisexpression,whichalsocouldbringabouttheeffectofalliteration.Hence,translatorretainedtheaestheticsofrhymeofsourcetextinthetransformationoftwolanguages.3.1.2TranslationSolutionsinDealingwithABABExample2Sourcetext:二诸葛还要请区长“恩典恩典”，一个交通员把他推出来了。（ZhaoShuli，2003:9）TheFirstDraft:BeforeKongmingthesecondcouldrenewhispleasforthedistrictchieftobemerciful,amessengerpushedhimout.TheFinalVersion：HardlywhenKongmingthesecondbeggedmercyfromthechief,aretinuepushedhimout.AsforthetranslationofreduplicationinformofABAB,Mr.Shapiroandthetranslatorbearthesameviewandthereisnoneedtoaddanotherwordtointentionallycreatearepetitioninstructure.Inlattertranslation,suchprocessingmodewillbewidelyemployed.Additionally,“恩典”representsakindofpardonorforgivenessinChinese,andtranslatorbelievesthattheworld,mercy,isasolidchoiceinthiscontext.3.2AestheticReproductionofRhetoric“Awell-organizedrhetoricisausefulassistanttorealizethevividportrayingoftheobjectiveimages.”(DuanMeng,2011).Therefore,transferringtherhetoricfromsourcetexttotargettextisexertinganindelibleeffectinpersuadingormotivatingparticularreadersinaspecificsituation,inwhichhowtocometruethetransformationbetweenthesignifiedandthesignifiermatters.Accordingtotranslationsurvey,theauthordiscoveredthatthetranslationstrategyfrequentlyusedinrhetorictranslationwastheliteraltranslation.Eventhoughthiskindoftranslationmethodcanretaintheprofoundcultureconnotationinthesourcetext,itwouldinevitablyconfusetheexoticreadersfor11 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第12页thedisparityofculturebackground.Hence,theauthordecidestopickoutthesuitablearticleswhicharefamiliartotargetlanguagereceivers.3.2.1AestheticSubjectinMetaphorTranslationExample1Sourcetext:只可惜宫粉涂不平脸上的皱纹，看起来好像驴粪蛋上下上了霜。（ZhaoShuli，2003:2）TheFirstDraft:Unfortunately,powdercouldnotsmoothoverherwrinkledface.Itonlymadeitlooklikeafrosteddonkeyturd.TheFinalVersion:Itwasprettypitifulforherwrinkledcheckstobeprettified,oritmustbelikeafrostedpotato.Initially,giventheregionalfeature,translatorgivesuptheliteraltranslationindealingwiththemetaphor.Asweknow,donkeyisprettycommoninthenorthofChina,especiallytheremoteruralareasinShanxiProvince;however,itisquiterareinforeigncountries,letaloneitsturd.Undoubtedly,“驴粪蛋”belongstotheculture-loadedwordsinChineselinguisticcategory,whichusedtoironicallydepicttheswarthyfaceofthemiddle-agedwomanincountryside.Therefore,alltheworkthattranslatorneedstodoisnothingbutseekasubstitution,commonandironic,fromEnglishlanguageenvironment.Tobestrict,thiskindoftranslationmethodisquitesimilartoforeignization.Inordertomaximallyreproducetheaestheticsofmetaphor,avividsubstitutemustwinthepriority.3.2.2TheAbandonofForminDisposingParallelismExample2Sourcetext:三仙姑也暗暗猜透大家的心事，衣服穿得更新鲜，头发梳得更光滑，首饰擦得更明，宫粉搽得更匀，不由青年们不跟着她转来转去。（ZhaoShuli，2003:3）TheFirstDraft:Thirdfairyguessedwhatwasontheirminds.Shedressedinherbestclothesandmadeherselfupalluringly.Itwasn’tlongbeforeshehadalltheyoungmenwrappedaroundherlitterfinger.TheFinalVersion:LadyFairywasfullyawareoftheirintentionandsparednoefforttodressherup,whichinturnwonhermorepopularity.Thereisnonecessitytostifflyimitatethestructureofsourcetexteventhough12 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第13页parallelismisprettyusefulinstrengthenthevisualizationeffectinSL.However,itappearslengthyintheeyesoftargetlanguagereceivers.Intranslation,thereader’sfeelshouldneverbeneglected.However,suchkindoftranslationmethodoromissiontranslationhasitsowndeficiencies.Itinevitablycausesthelossoflanguageelements,whichfinallydamagestheembodimentofauthor’sintention.3.2.3TheUnityofFormandContentinAntithesisExample3Sourcetext:捉贼要赃，捉奸要双。（ZhaoShuli，2003:8）TheFirstDraft:Showtheloottoproveatheft,catchbothloverstoproveatryst.TheFinalVersion:Accusetheftwithbootyinhands,catchadulterywithpeopleinact.Asfortheantithesis,thetranslatorretainedtheconsistencyinstructureforitsintensivelanguageeffectandtheneatformat.Furthermore,bringingtheintentionverbsforwardcanaddpertinencetothewholesentence.3.3AestheticReproductionofVisualizationVisualizationisadecoration,interpretationorvisualexplanationofatext,conceptorprocess,designedforintegrationinpublishedmedia,suchasposters,flyers,magazines,books,teachingmaterials,animations,videogamesandfilms.“Thiskindofliteraryexpressionspeakshighlyofanadeptmasteryofexpressive,stylized,realisticandtechnicalskills.”(ChenWen,2009)ThecriticalessencesthatarerequiredinthereproduceofaestheticsofvisualizationexistintheusageoftheThird-Personperspectivenouns,concretearticlesreplacementandaseriesofvisualizedverbs.3.3.1TheApplicationofThirdPersonPerspectiveExample1Sourcetext:刘家峧有两个神仙，邻近各村无人不晓：一个是前庄上的二诸葛，一个是后庄上的三仙姑。（ZhaoShuli，2003:1）TheFirstDraft:InthevillageofLiujiaValleyweretwocelestialbeings,amanandawoman.Everyoneinthevillageknewaboutthem.ThemanwascalledLiutheSage.ThewomanwascalledThirdFairy.TheFinalVersion:InLiujiajiao,amountainvillageinShanxi,therelivedtwopeoplewhowerewildlyknowninlocalfortheirobsessionwithsuperstition.Theoneis13 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第14页Kongmingthesecond(KongmingisthenameofZhugeliang,astrategistinancientChina,whoitwasbelieved,managetoforecastthefuturewithassuredaccuracy),andtheotherisLadyFairy(asynonymforsoothsayer).NomatterinEnglishlanguagecontextorChinalinguisticenvironment,translatorbelievesthatthethirdpersonperspectivebearscertainsubjective,actualandvisualtraitswhichnevershowupinpersonalpronoun.Thethirdpersonperspectivecanprovidethepassagewithamoreauthenticviewfornarrationcomparedwiththefirstperspective.Thethirdpersonperspectiveinfirstparagraphhasdeterminedtheoverallnarrativemodeinthewholepassage.Intranslationofthethirdpersonperspective,translatorspecifiesandemphasizesthepersonalitiesbyvirtueofannotation.3.3.2TheEmploymentoftheVerbsExample2Sourcetext:二诸葛翻了他一眼，扭转头返回去了，大家就嘻嘻哈哈传为笑谈。（ZhaoShuli，2003:2）TheFirstDraft:LiutheSageglaredathimandwalkedaway.Everyonelaughedandthestoryrapidlyspread.TheFinalVersion:Glaringathim,Kongmingthesecondturnaway.Sincethenthemanandhisstoryhadbecomethetargetvillagerslaughedat.Themassiveusageofverbssuchasglare,dressed,pick,added,puton,ride,madethewholearticlecompact,fromwhichthereadercanobtainavisualizedandclearviewaboutwhattheauthorwastryingtodescribe.3.3.3TheAmplificationofAbstractAdjectivesExample3Sourcetext:青年小伙子们，有事没事，总想跟小芹说句话。小芹去洗衣服，马上青年们也都去洗；小芹上树采野菜，马上青年们也都去采。（ZhaoShuli，2003:5）TheFirstDraft:Youngmansoughteveryexcusetotalkwithher.Whenshewenttowashclothesbythestream,theyoungmenimmediatelyfoundthattheirownclothesweredirty.Whenshegatheredwildherbs,theydiscoveredthatwildherbswereexactlywhattheyneededmost.14 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第15页TheFinalVersion:Youthswouldtakegooduseofeveryaccessiblechancetoapproachthislovelygirl.Whenshewenttowashclothesbythestream,theyoungmenimmediatelyfoundthattheirownclothesweredirty.Whenshedugwildvegetables,theydiscoveredthatwildvegetableswereexactlywhattheyneededmost.Withthehopetomaximizethesenseofimage,translatoramplifiedtheabstractadjectivesonbasisofaseriesoftangiblenounsandcases.Forexample,inemphasizingtheaffectiontoQin,translatorgetridofthelimitationofadjectivessuchasobsessedorcaptivated,onthecontrary,helistedsomespecificexampletoillustratethekeenlovetothislovelygirl.Hence,thescenewasvividlydepicted.Thiswasprettyadorable.3.4AestheticReproductionofArtisticConceptionArtisticconceptionwasthemostdifficultpartinproceedingaestheticreproduction,andthatisthereasonwhytherelatedtranslationresearchfrequentlyencountereditsbottlenecks.“Theaestheticappreciationcouldbedemonstratedintheprocessofaestheticjudgments,aestheticcriteria,andaestheticreproduction.”(MaoRonggui,2005).Inauthor’sview,themosteffectivesolutiontocometruetheaestheticreproductionofartisticconceptionswasanall-dimensionalmasteryofthesourcetextincludingthesocialbackground,regionalcustoms,culturalthemesandidentitycharactersofthewriter.Hence,itrequiresthetranslatortomakeadetailedresearchonthesourcetextandbeartheliteraryideologyofthesourcetextinmind.3.4.1TranslationofCultureLoadedVocabulariesExample1Sourcetext:二诸葛原来叫刘修德，当年做过生意，抬脚动手都要论一论阴阳八卦，看一看黄道黑道。三仙姑是后庄于福的老婆，每月初一十五都要顶着红布摇摇摆摆装扮天神。（ZhaoShuli，2003:1）TheFirstDraft:Liuwhohadbeenasmallmerchantandnevermakemovewithoutfirstconsultingthestars.ThirdFairywasthewifeofafellownamedYuFu.Onthefirstandthefifteenofeachmonthshedrapedaredclothonherheadandstruttedabout,claimingtobeaheavenspirit.TheFinalVersion:Zhugethesecond,whosenamewasLiuXiude,wasusedtopredictthefutureinlightofYin-yangEightDiagrams;Ladyfairy,thewifeofpeasantYuFu,wasfullofenthusiasmaboutdancing,struttingandswaggeringwitharedcloth15 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第16页onherheadasifshegotinspiredfromtheimmortalsonnewmoonandfullmoondays.ThecentralthemeofTheMarriageofYoungBlackywasafarewelltothepastfeudalismandmeanwhiletheusheringofdemocracyandemancipationofhumanityinthetransitionofsociety.Both“Yin-yangEightDiagrams”and“theimmortalsonnewmoonandfullmoondays”wereallthereflectionoftheremnantsoffeudalism.Therefore,inprocessingthosetrans-languageissues,whatweneedtodoiskeepingtheuniquenessoftheregionalfeaturesandculturalcharacters.3.4.2TranslationofVocabularieswithDistinctTimeCharacteristicsExample2Sourcetext:金旺和兴旺两个，看出这又是掌权的机会，大家也巴不得有人愿干，就把兴旺选为武委会主任，把金旺选为村政委员，连金旺老婆也被选为妇救会主席。其他各干部，硬捏了几个老头子出来充数。只有青抗先队长，老头子充不得。兴旺看见小二黑这个小孩子漂亮好玩，随便提了一下名就通过了。（ZhaoShuli，2003:7）TheFirstDraft:WangandXingthoughtthiswastheirchancetoseizepower.Thevillagerswereonlytoogladtogetsomeonetoserve.Xingwaschosenchairmanofthemilitarycommittee,andWangwaselectedpoliticalcommitteeman,Wang’swifebecameheadofthewoman’sassociation.Afewoldmenwerepressuredintoacceptingtheremainingoffices.Butofcourse,anoldmancouldn’tbetheleaderoftheAnti-JapaneseYouthVanguard.XingnominatedYoungBlackyfornootherreasonexceptthathewasanice-lookingboy.TheFinalVersion:Thetwobrothersgraspedthisopportunitytoregaintheircontrolinthisvillage.EvenWang’swifejoinedinthepowercircle.Evenso,theofficewasstillvacant,andtheyhadnoalternativesbuttopickoutseveraloldmeninstead.OnlytheleaderofAnti-JapaneseYouthGroupwasoccupiedbyYoungBlackyfornothingbuthisgood-looking.WangandXing,thetwobrothers,weretherepresentativesoftheoldsocialforceswhowouldalwaysstandinthewayofdemocracyandsparenoefforttounderminethefoundationoftheprogressivestrength.Theportrayconcentratingontheirabsurdity,acerbity,andevilnesswasindispensableinEnglishtranslation,aswellashowtheythirstyforsqueezingintothepreliminarypowdercircle,howtheypersecutethe16 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第17页progressiveforce,andhowridiculousintheirdailybehaviors.Example3Sourcetext:区长道：“给他订婚不由他，难道由你啦？老汉！如今是婚姻自主，由不得你了！你家养的那个小姑娘，要真是没有娘家，就算成你的闺女好了。（ZhaoShuli，2003:6）”TheFirstDraft:“Hedoesn’t’tneedyourstobreakit.Todaypeoplechoosepartnerinmarriage,andyouhavenosayinthematter.Ifthatlittlegirlyouareraisinghasnootherhome,youcanconsiderherasyoudaughter.”saidthedistrictchief.TheFinalVersion:“Hey!Man,peoplechoosetheirmatetoday.YouhavenorighttointerferewithhismarriageeventhoughYoungBlackywasyourson.Ifthatlittlegirlyouareraisinghasnowheretogo,youcanconsiderherasyoudaughter.”saidthedistrictchief.Thefreedomofmarriagewasonlyonepartofthefreedomofhumanity.Thoughalittlepartitwas,itrepresentedanearth-shakingchangeinChina,especiallytheremoteareas.Therefore,freedomandchangeweretheaspectsthatdeservetheattentionoftranslator.Example4Sourcetext:经过这次大会之后，村里人也都敢出头了。不久，村干部又都经过大改选，村里人再也不敢乱投坏人的票了。这其间，金旺老婆自然也落了选。偏她还变了口吻，说：“以后我也要进步了。”（ZhaoShuli，2003:10）TheFirstDraft:Whentheresultsofthemassmeetingbecameknown,thevillagestookcourage.Newcadreswereelected.Noonedaredtocastavoteforanyrascal.EvenWang’swife,whowasvotedoutoftheoffice,changedhertune.“Iwillbeprogressivefromnowon,”sheavowed.TheFinalVersion:Havingbeenthroughthiswave,thevillagersacquiredtheirconfidenceandcourage.Inlaterreelectionofvillagercadres,theygavethevotesafteradeepconsideration,inwhichWang’swifewasweptoutandspecifically,shechangedhertotone.“Iwillbeprogressivefromnowon,”shevowedsolemnly.Thehappyendingandthechangeofvillagers’lifestylesobviouslyheraldedthedemocraticawakeninginChina.Andtranslatorwasfullyconvincedthatthereappearanceofartisticaestheticsinsourcetextwillneverreachwithouta17 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第18页comprehensiveunderstandingaboutthesocialbackgroundthatMr.ZhaoShulilived,oranaccuratemasteryofhiddenmeaningthattheauthorattemptedtodepict.Hence,giventhedetailedexplorationtoTheMarriageofYoungBlackyfromtheperspectiveofeconomy,politics,literature,andsociety,translatortrieshardtoinfusehisinterpretationintothetranslationversion.18 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第19页ChapterIV.TranslationProofreadingandFeedbackNomatterwhatkindoftranslationmaterialsthatwemake,fortranslator,thepriorityshouldbeallocatedtotheaccuracythathetransformsonelanguagetotheother.However,suchkindofreproductionwillneverarrivewithoutessentialtranslationproofreadingputintopractice,bywhich,translatormanagestoguaranteetranslationqualityaswellaskeepawayfrommanyunnecessaryissues.Hereitfollowstherelatedproofreadingmethods.Firstandforemost,itisaprettysuitablechoicefortranslatortodoself-proofreading.Inthissection,translatorinitiallymaintainstheexpressionconsistencyfromthebeginningtotheend,especiallyforcertainpropernouns,cultural-loadedworksorcharacteristicvocabularies.Inordertoassuretheaccuracyoftranslation,translatoravoidstheerrorsinspellings,abbreviations,numbersandformatsbymeansofcross-check.Additionally,translatortakesthereadingreceptionoftargetreadersintoconsiderationwhilereproducingtheaesthetics.Apartfromself-proofreading,anotheraspectthattranslatorwillmakenoteofisoptimizingthetranslationversioninaccordancewithall-dimensionalrevisionsuggestionsofothersfromdifferentlevels.Withthepurposetoarriveatamuchbettertranslationversion,translatorsoughtadvicefrommyclassmates,colleague,andacademicmentorswhoallspeakhighlyoftheemploymentoftranslationaestheticsinreproducingthelocalliterature.Thetranslationpracticeinlocalliteraturehavegottenanall-dimensionalpromotionnomatterinformorcontentaftertheproceedingoftranslationproofreading.Bywhich,translatoravoidsthemistakesofwords,phrases,sentencesandgrammarsinChinesetoEnglishTranslation,additionally,itteachestranslatoranvaluablelessonintackingwiththecomplicatedissuesinreproducingthelocalliteratureaestheticsaswellasthemethodsinrefininghistranslationversion.Itdemonstratesitsindispensablevalueinanytranslationpractice.19 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第20页ChapterV.ConclusionTranslatorbelievesthatinordertomaximallyreproducetheregionalspectacleofsourcetext,focusedattentionshouldbeallocatedtotheretentionoftheexpressionstylesincludingwordsandphrases,formandcontent,aswellasreproductionoftheartisticconceptions.Inhistranslationpractice,translatordiscoveredthataesthetictranslationhadexhibiteditsgreatpotentialityinrevivifyingthefigures,duplicatingthesensationsandmasteringthehumanconnotationsinsourcetext.Aboutaesthetictranslationinlocalliteraryliteratures,thefirstaspectthattranslatorwillmakenoteofistheretentionofrhymesinsourcetext.InordertokeeppacewiththeoriginalrhymeslikeAABBorABABinsourcetext,translatoradoptedtwoadjectiveswiththerhymedsoundandcoordinatedform.Secondly,indealingwithrhetorictransformationslikemetaphor,parallelism,andantithesis,especiallyforsomerareutteranceswhichwouldhardlyfindacorrespondinginterpretationintargetlanguage,appropriateomissionsanddomesticationsarethealternativesthatdeservetobetakenintoconsiderationandtrytoreducethemeaninglesstothelowest.Besides,ifdomesticationwasaneffectivesolutionintacklingwiththecharacteristicwords,then,theutilizationofthirdpersonwords,verbs,andconcentratenounsmustbethesolidchoicetovisualizethetranslationversion.Apartfromtheabove-mentioned,torevivifytheartisticconceptionsofthesourcetext,translatormustexcavatecharactersviaunifyingtheerabackgroundandindividualbackground.Frequently,anobjectiveperspectivewouldalwaysgranttranslatorwithanaccurateandmeaningfulinterpretationtotheaestheticfeelingofthesourcetext.Inshort,aproficientmasteryofliteratureofbothChineseandforeigncountriesistheelementaryqualityforculturespreaders,withwhich,thesenseofbeautyinChineseliteraturemanagetobeappreciatedbytheoutsideword.20 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第21页AcknowledgmentsMydeepestgratitudegoesfirstandforemosttomysupervisorProfessorGuoforherencouragement,guidanceandadvicetomethroughoutthewritingofthisthesis.Formanytimes,Mrs.Guonotonlygavemevaluableadvice,butprovidedmewithadditionalsourcesofreferencematerials.MygratitudeextendstoMr.Yangforhisinsightfuladviceonmychoiceoftopic,aswellastoMrs.Ying,whograntmesufficienttimetocompletethetranslationpracticereportduringmyworktime.Iamalsoindebtedtomyotherinstructorsandtomyclassmatesfortheirconstantencouragementtomeinthecourseofmystudies.21 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第22页BibliographyBassnett,S.&Andre,L.ConstructingCultures:EssaysonLiteraryTranslation[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,2001.Bassnett.TranslationStudies(ThirdEdition).London&NewYork,Routledge,2002.E.A.Gutt.TranslationandRelevance[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,2004.EugeneA.Nida,CharlesR.Taber.TheTheoryandPracticeofTranslation,WithSpecialReferencetoBibleTranslating[M].AmericanBibleSociety,1974.EugeneA.Nida,Language,CultureandTranslation[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,1998.Newmark,Peter.ApproachestoTranslation[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,2001.陈文.视觉艺术与文学艺术的互补性研究[J].文学与艺术,2009段梦.乡土的比喻,诙谐地反讽——浅析赵树理作品中的语言艺术特色[J].东京文学,2011.《观察家》第7期,1978.黄小珍.沈从文构筑的“湘西世界”—试析沈从文文学创作一种现象[J].武夷学院学报,2000.金介甫.边城-英译本的翻译策略研究[D].杭州：杭州师范大学,2007.姜秋霞.审美想象与文学翻译的等值域[J].中国翻译,2001.姜秋霞.文学翻译中的审美过程：格式塔意象再造[J].中国翻译,2002.廖超慧．大学语文：华中科技大学出版社,2013.老舍.沙博理.中国现代名家短篇小说选[M].外文出版社,2003.刘宓庆.中西翻译思想比较研究[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司,2005.刘宓庆.翻译美学导论[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司,2005.茅盾.茅盾全集[M].人民文学出版社,1984.毛荣贵.翻译美学[M].上海大学出版社,2005.商雪晴.赵树理-小二黑结婚创作特色浅析[J].名作欣赏,2014.奚永吉.文学翻译比较美学[M].湖北教育出版社,2001.22 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第23页尹衍桐,徐广英.汉语叠词英译[J].石油大学学报:社会科学版,2000.张立坤，赵芳.浅析西方文学写作技巧在中文写作中的应用[J].2013.赵树理．赵树理选集：小二黑结婚[J].新华书店，2003.23 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第24页Appendix小二黑结婚作者:赵树理一神仙的忌讳刘家峧有两个神仙，邻近各村无人不晓：一个是前庄上的二诸葛，一个是后庄上的三仙姑。二诸葛原来叫刘修德，当年做过生意，抬脚动手都要论一论阴阳八卦，看一看黄道黑道。三仙姑是后庄于福的老婆，每月初一十五都要顶着红布摇摇摆摆装扮天神。二诸葛忌讳“不宜栽种”，三仙姑忌讳“米烂了”。这里边有两个小故事：有一年春天大旱，直到阴历五月初三才下了四指雨。初四那天大家都抢着种地，二诸葛看了看历书，又掐指算了一下说：“今日不宜栽种。”初五日是端午，他历年就不在端午这天做什么，又不曾种；初六倒是个黄道吉日，可惜地干了，虽然勉强把他的四亩谷子种上了，却没有出够一半。后来直到十五才又下雨，别人家都在地里锄苗，二诸葛却领着两个孩子在地里补空子。邻家有个后生，吃饭时候在街上碰上二诸葛便问道：“老汉！今天宜栽种不宜？”二诸葛翻了他一眼，扭转头返回去了，大家就嘻嘻哈哈传为笑谈。三仙姑有个女孩叫小芹。一天，金旺他爹到三仙姑那里问病，三仙姑坐在香案后唱，金旺他爹跪在香案前听。小芹那年才九岁，晌午做捞饭，把米下进锅里了，听见她娘哼哼得很中听，站在桌前听了一会，把做饭也忘了。一会，金旺他爹出去小便，三仙姑趁空子向小芹说：“快去捞饭！米烂了！”却不料就叫金旺他爹听见，回去就传开了。后来有些好玩笑的人，见了三仙姑就故意问别人“米烂了没有？”1.TaboosoftheSuperstitiousInLiujiajiao,amountainvillageinShanxi,therelivedtwotwomiddle-agedpersonwhowerewildlyknowninlocalfortheirobsessionwithsuperstition.TheoneisKongmingthesecond(KongmingisthenameofZhugeliang,astrategistinancientChina,whoit24 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第25页wasbelieved,managetoforecastthefuturewithassuredaccuracy),andtheotherisLadyFairy(asynonymforsoothsayer).Zhugethesecond,whosenamewasLiuXiude,wasusedtopredictthefortuneandmisfortuneinlightofYin-yangEightDiagrams;whereas,LadyFairy,wifeofpeasantYuFu,wasfullofenthusiasmaboutbeingpossessedorinspiredbytheimmortalsonnewmoonandfullmoondays.Kongmingthesecondwasextremelyfedupwithpeoplewhotalktohimabout“tooearlytoseed”,sodidthefairy-maidwith“It’sgettingburnt”.Whenitcomestotheirtaboos,Iwilltellyoutwostorieshere.Onceuponatime,thevillageexperiencedadroughtperiodinspring,andthevillagerswereallrushingtogrowwheaton4Mayafterafewdropsofrainyesterday,whileKongmingthesecondsaid“itwastooearlytoseed”afteraglanceatalmanac,moreover,hewouldfullyenjoythe5May,theDragonBoatFestivalinChina.Whenhemadeuphismindtoseedontheauspiciousday6May,thelandwasdryup,whichinevitablybroughtaboutdisastrouseffecttotheharvest;therefore,hehadtoplantmorewheattocoverthelossonanextrainyday.Later,hisneighborcameacrosshimonastreetandmockinglysaid“Hey!Man,tooearlytoseed?”Withoutsayingaword,Kongmingthesecondturnaway.SincethenKongmingthesecondandhisfamous“Tooearlytoseed”hasbecomethetargetvillagerslaughedat.TheLadyFairyhasadaughternamedQin.Oneday,Jinwang’sdadcametotheLadyFairy’sandrequestedatreatmentforhisillness.LadyfairypretendedtogetenlightenedfromthecelestialbeingandmutteredremedyincantationsforJinwang’sdadwhowasdevoutlyprayingforhimselfwithhiskneesonthefloor.Qinthenwasnineyearsold,fullycaptivatedbyhermother’sinterestingincantationsandignoredthecookingmeals.Whenthepatientwenttopiss,thethirdfairy-maidseizethechanceandsaid“Hurryup，it’sgettingburnt”,whichhappenedtobeheardbyJinwang’sdadandthestorybegantospread.二三仙姑的来历三仙姑下神，足足有三十年了。那时三仙姑才十五岁，刚刚嫁给于福，是前25 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第26页后庄上第一个俊俏媳妇。于福是个老实后生，不多说一句话，只会在地里死受。于福的娘早死了，只有个爹，父子两个一上了地，家里只留下新媳妇一个人。村里的年青人们感觉着新媳妇太孤单，就慢慢自动的来跟新媳妇做伴，不几天就集合了一大群，每天嘻嘻哈哈，十分哄伙。于福他爹看见不像个样子，有一天发了脾气，大骂一顿，虽然把外人挡住了，新媳妇却跟他闹起来。新媳妇哭了一天一夜，头也不梳，脸也不洗，饭也不吃，躺在炕上，谁也叫不起来，父子两个没了办法。邻家有个老婆替她请了一个神婆子，在她家下了一回神，说是三仙姑跟上她了，她也哼哼唧唧自称吾神长吾神短，从此以后每月初一十五就下起神来，别人也给她烧起香来求财问病，三仙姑的香案便从此设起来了。青年们到三仙姑那里去，要说是去问神，还不如说是去看圣像。三仙姑也暗暗猜透大家的心事，衣服穿得更新鲜，头发梳得更光滑，首饰擦得更明，宫粉搽得更匀，不由青年们不跟着她转来转去。这是三十来年前的事。当时的青年，如今都已留下了胡子，家里都是子媳成群，所以除了几个老光棍，差不多都没有那些闲情到三仙姑那里去了。三仙姑却和大家不同，虽然已经四十五岁，却偏爱当个老来俏，小鞋上仍要绣花，裤腿上仍要镶边，顶门上的头发脱光了，用黑手帕盖起来，只可惜宫粉涂不平脸上的皱纹，看起来好像驴粪蛋上下上了霜。老相好都不来了，几个老光棍不能叫三仙姑满意，三仙姑又团结了一伙孩子们，比当年的老相好更多，更俏皮。三仙姑有什么本领能团结这伙青年呢？这秘密在她女儿小芹身上。2.TheBackgroundoftheLadyFairyIthasbeenseveraldecadessincetheLadyfairysteppedonhersuperstitiousroad.Thirtyyearsago,thisfairymaidwhowasendowedwithenviouslybeautifulappearancemarriedinherfifteenstoYuFu,asimplemanwhowouldnevermakeanyindiscreetremarkstootherpeople,letalonetohiswifeevenshebehavedambiguouslywithlocal26 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第27页youngmenwhenshewashomealone.EverydaywhenYuFuandhisfatherwentouttodofarmwork,crowdedofyouthscametojoininthefun,whichfinallyirritatedYuFu’sfatherwhomadeabigstinkandceasedthestepsofthoseboringpersonfrombeinghere.However,thethirdfairymaidmadeascenewithherpoorhusband,noeatingandlyinginthebedwithoutanyonecouldbeabletopersuadeher.Boththefatherandsoncouldnothelp.Justthen,theirneighborproposedtoseekhelpfromsorceresswhowasfullyconvincedthatthescreaminggirlgotpossessedbytheimmortals.Thegirlseizedtheopportunityandpretendedtobeafairyonbehalfofthecelestialbeing.Hence,thegirlbecameLadyFairymaidandhersuperstitiouscauseembarked.SincethentheyouthswerewillingtogototheLadyfairy’s,whichhadfarlesstodowithdrawinglotsandconsultingoraclethanpeepingatthiscoquettishfairymaid.Thiswomanwasperfectlyawareoftheirintentionandsparednoefforttodressherselfup,whichinturnwonhermorepopularity.Timeflied,thoseyouthsgotmarriesandstartedtheircareerswithnotimeandenergytolingerexceptcertainoldbachelors.Insteadoftheotherwomenintheirmiddleages,theLadyfairywaskeenonmakingupwithembroideredflowersshoesonherfeet,dedicatededgedtrouseronherlegsregardofherabsentbeauty.Eventherewasabaldareaonherforehead;shewouldcoveritupwithablackhandkerchiefcautiously.Itwasprettypitifulforhercoarseandunevencheckstobeprettifiedoritmustbelikeafrostedpotato.Theoldloversnomorecameandthecurrentindecentbachelorscouldnotwinherfavor,hence,thethirdfairymaidturnhereyesonagroupofyouthsagain.Howcometheoldwomendrawattentionfromyouths,andtheansweryoucangetfromherdaughter.三小芹三仙姑前后共生过六个孩子，就有五个没有成人，只落了一个女儿，名叫小芹。小芹当两三岁时候，就非常伶俐乖巧，三仙姑的老相好们，这个抱过来说是“我的”，那个抱起来说是“我的”，后来小芹长到五六岁，知道这不是好话，三仙姑教她说：“谁再这么说，你就说‘是你的姑姑’。”说了几回，果然没有人再提27 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第28页了。小芹今年十八了，村里的轻薄人说，比她娘年轻时候好得多。青年小伙子们，有事没事，总想跟小芹说句话。小芹去洗衣服，马上青年们也都去洗；小芹上树采野菜，马上青年们也都去采。吃饭时候，邻居们端上碗爱到三仙姑那里坐一会，前庄上的人来回一里路，也并不觉得远。这已经是三十年来的老规矩，不过小青年们也这样热心，却是近二三年来才有的事。三仙姑起先还以为自己仍有勾引青年的本领，日子长了，青年们并不真正跟她接近，她才慢慢看出门道来，才知道人家来了为的是小芹。不过小芹却不跟三仙姑一样，表面上虽然也跟大家说说笑笑，实际上却不跟人乱来，近二三年，只是跟小二黑好一点。前年夏天，有一天前晌，于福去地，三仙姑去溜门，家里只留下小芹一个人，金旺来了，嘻皮笑脸向小芹说：“这会可算是个空子吧？”小芹板起脸来说：“金旺哥！咱们以后说话规矩些！你也是娶媳妇大汉了！”金旺撇撇嘴说：“咦！装什么假正经？小二黑一来管保你就软了！有便宜大家讨开点，没事；要正经除非自己锅底没有黑。”说着就拉住小芹的胳膊悄悄说：“不用装模作样了！”不料小芹大声喊道：“金旺！”金旺赶紧跑出来。一边还咄念道：“等得住你！”说着就悄悄溜走了。3.QinLadyfairyhadsixchildreninwhichfivediedexceptforQin.WhenQininherchildhood,shewassocutethatladyfairy’soldloverswerecompetingtoregardthelittlegirlashisownchild.Whenreachingfiveyearsold,thegirlcouldcompletelyinterpretthedirtyintentionsbehind.Ladyfairyseemedirritatedbythosemanandshetoldherdaughtertoresponse“Iamyourmother”tothosewhowouldevercallyoudaughter.Fromthenon,surelythissituationwasnomore.WhenQincametohereighteens,shewonmorefondnessfromthefrivolouspeoplethanhermother’syesterdayinthevillage.Youthswouldtakegooduseofeveryaccessiblechancetothislovelygirl.Especially,intheirdinner,peoplenearbywouldgettogetherinherhouse28 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第29页andseekforatransitorycontact.Ladyfairygotusedtothelivelyenvironmentinherhouse,however,somanyyouthscrowdedherewasprettyrareinrecentyears.Initially,LadyFairywasimmersedintheecstasyforhereverlastingcharm.Gradually,shediscoveredthattheeyesofthoseenergeticyoungsterswereallonherdaughter.However,thoughQingotonwellwiththosepeople,unlikehermother,sheneverexceededtheboundsinrecentyearsexceptYoungBlacky.ItwasasummerseveralyearsagowhenQinwasalonehome,Jinwangcamecheekilyandsaid“it’stimeforadate”.Onhearingthose,Qinseriouslyresponded“watchyourtongue,youareamarriedman.”Jinwangdisapprovinglyretorted“Don’tyoucan’t,Qin,onceYoungBlackycomes,youwillbetrayyourself.Allocatesomegoodfortunetomeunlessyouaredefinitelyadecentperson”.AndthenJinwanggraspedherarms“Don’tputonanartanymore!”Unexpectedly,Qinstruggledandcriedoutlustilyforhelp,whichscaredJinwangawayandleftsomewords“Youwait!”四金旺弟兄提起金旺来，刘家峧没有人不恨他，只有他一个本家兄弟名叫兴旺跟他对劲。金旺他爹虽是个庄稼人，却是刘家峧一只虎，当过几十年老社首，捆人打人是他的拿手好戏。金旺长到十七八岁，就成了他爹的好帮手，兴旺也学会了帮虎吃食，从此金旺他爹想要捆谁，就不用亲自动手，只要下个命令，自有金旺兴旺代办。抗战初年，汉奸敌探溃兵土匪到处横行，那时金旺他爹已经死了，金旺兴旺弟兄两个，给一支溃兵作了内线工作，引路绑票，讲价赎人，又做巫婆又做鬼，两头出面装好人。后来八路军来，打垮溃兵土匪，他两人才又回到刘家峧。山里人本来就胆子小，经过几个月大混乱，死了许多人，弄得大家更不敢出头了。别的大村子都成立了村公所、各救会、武委会，刘家峧却除了县府派来一个村长以外，谁也不愿意当干部。不久，县里派人来刘家峧工作，要选举村干29 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第30页部，金旺跟兴旺两个，看出这又是掌权的机会，大家也巴不得有人愿干，就把兴旺选为武委会主任，把金旺选为村政委员，连金旺老婆也被选为妇救会主席。其他各干部，硬捏了几个老头子出来充数。只有青抗先队长，老头子充不得。兴旺看见小二黑这个小孩子漂亮好玩，随便提了一下名就通过了，他爹二诸葛虽然不愿，可是惹不起金旺，也没有敢说什么。村长是外来的，对村里情形不十分了解，从此金旺兴旺比前更厉害了，只要瞒住村长一个人，村里人不论那个都得由他两个调遣。这几年来，村里别的干部虽然调换了几个，而他两个却好像铁桶江山。大家对他两个虽是恨之入骨，可是谁也不敢说半句话，都恐怕扳不倒他们，自己吃亏。4.WangBrothersWhenitcomestoJinwang,peopleinlocalsniffedathisbullyingandtherewasnooneotherthanhisbrotherXinwangwhowaswillingtobackhimup.AlthoughapeasantJinwang’sdadwas,hewasprettydomineeringinhisdecadesofleadership.Bindingorbeatingcameeasilyforhimtopunishwhosepersonwhoopposedhim.Jinwangjoinedinhisfathereversincehegrewup,sodidXinwang.Thereforethebrotherswouldtakeagooddealwiththeoffensethateverhappenedtotheirfather.IntheearlyyearsofAnti-JapaneseWar,peopleexperiencedachaoticsituationwithtraitors,scouts,scatteredsoldiersallaroundtheplace.Atthattime,Jinwang’sfatherhadgoneleavingthetwobrothersinvolvinginthekidnapwiththescatteredsoldiers.Onewasengagedinscouting,andtheothertookchargeofthemediation.EightRouteArmycameafterwards,anddispelledthescatteredsoldiers,thebrotherscamebacktotheirhome.Peopleinthisvillagehadalwaysbeenonthestraightandnarrowandtheybecameovercautiousafterbeingthroughsuchalong-termchaosanddeath.TheothervillageshadalreadysetupvariouskindsofprimarylevelorganizationslikeVillageOffice,MilitaryCommission,andSelf-RescueCommittee.WhileLiujiajiaohadnooneinchargeexceptforaVillageHeadnominatedbythegovernment.Noonedaredtostandout.Later,officersfromthehighauthoritiescametoLiujiajiaoandheldvillagecadre30 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第31页selections.Thetwobrotherstookfulluseofthisopportunitytoregainthepowerinthisvillage.EvenJinang’swifejoinedinthecircle.However,thepositionsstillhadvacancy,andtheyhadnoalternativesbuttoselectseveraloldmeninstead.OnlytheleaderofyouthgroupwasoccupiedbyYoungBlackyafteranominationbyXingwang.EventhoughKongmingtheseconddidnotapprove,butkepthismouthshutforfearofthedissatisfactionofXingwang.Thevillageheadwasfromtheoutsideandhadnoideaofthesituationinthisvillage,therefore,thebrothersbecamemoreimperious.Peopleherehadtobeobedient.Noonecouldshaketheirpositionsnomatterhowfrequenttheofficerstransferandretirementhere,orhowannoyingtheywere.五小二黑小二黑，是二诸葛的二小子，有一次反扫荡打死过两个敌人，曾得到特等射手的奖励。说到他的漂亮，那不只在刘家峧有名，每年正月扮故事，不论去到那一村，妇女们的眼睛都跟着他转。小二黑没有上过学，只是跟着他爹识了几个字。当他六岁时候，他爹就教他识字。识字课本既不是《五经》《四书》，也不是常识国语，而是从天干、地支、五行、八卦、六十四封名等学起，进一步便学些《百中经》、《玉匣记》、《增删卜易》、《麻衣神相》、《奇门遁甲》、《阴阳宅》等书。小二黑从小就聪明，像那些算属相、卜六壬课、念大小流年或“甲子乙丑海中金”等口诀，不几天就都弄熟了，二诸葛也常把他引在人前卖弄。因为他长得伶俐可爱，大人们也都爱跟他玩；这个说：“二黑，算一算十岁属什么？”那个说：“二黑，给我卜一课！”后来二诸葛因为说“不宜栽种”误了种地，老婆也埋怨，大黑也埋怨，庄上人也都传为笑谈，小二黑也跟着这事受了许多奚落。那时候小二黑十三岁，已经懂得好歹了，可是大人们仍把他当成小孩来玩弄，好跟二诸葛开玩笑的，一到了家，常好对着二诸葛问小二黑道：“二黑！算算今天宜不宜栽种？”和小二黑年纪相仿的孩31 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第32页子们，一跟小二黑生了气，就连声喊道：“不宜栽种不宜栽种……”小二黑因为这事，好几个月见了人躲着走，从此就和他娘商量成一气，再不信他爹的鬼八卦。小二黑跟小芹相好已经二三年了。那时候他才十六七，原不过在冬天夜长时候，跟着些闲人到三仙姑那里凑热闹，后来跟小芹混熟了，好像是一天不见面也不能行。后庄上也有人愿意给小二黑跟小芹做媒人，二诸葛不愿意，不愿意的理由有三：第一小二黑是金命，小芹是火命，恐怕火克金；第二小芹生在十月，是个犯月；第三是三仙姑的名声不好。恰巧在这时候彰德府来了一伙难民，其中有个老李带来个八九岁的小姑娘，因为没有吃的，愿意把姑娘送给人家逃个活命。二诸葛说是个便宜，先问了一下生辰八字，掐算了半天说：“千里姻缘一线牵。”就替小二黑收作童养媳。虽然二诸葛说是千合适万合适，小二黑却不认账。父子俩吵了几天，二诸葛非养不行，小二黑说：“你愿意养你就养着，反正我不要！”结果虽然把小姑娘留下了，却到底没有说清楚算什么关系。5.YoungBlackyYoungBlacky,thesecondsonofKongmingthesecond,hadawardedthetitleofmarksmanforheoncekilledtwoenemiesinoperationagainsttheenemy’s“moppingup”campaign.Additionally,hebearsagoodlookingwhichwouldalwayscatchtheattentionsofthelocalwomen.YoungBlackyhadneverbeentoschoolandacquiredthepreliminaryliteracyfromhisfather.Whenhewassixyearsold,Kongmingthesecondstartedtoteachhimtoreadandwrite.ThetextbooktheyusedwasnottheFourBooks,FiveClassicsorChinesetraditionalculture,buttheHeavenlyStemsandEarthyBranches,theconceptsofYinandYang,theFiveElements,theEightDiagrams.etcandthenHerveLegerAustralia,andTheArtofBecomingInvisible--DaoistMagicandsomethinglikethis.YoungBlackywascleverenoughtogetadeeply-engravedmemorytosuchknowledgeinashorttermandKongmingthesecondoftenshowofftheintelligenceofhissoninpublic.Withtheadditionofhisprettyappearance,thegrown-upsweregladtoplaywithhim“Blacky,figureouttheyearofbirthifhiszodiacisa32 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第33页monkey”or“Blackymakeadivinationforme”.Afterwards,YoungBlackywasinevitablyinvolvedintheendlesstauntforhisfather’s“tooearlytoseed”.Bythattime,theyoungmanwasalreadyinhisthirteen’sandverysensibleforhisage,nevertheless,hewasoftentauntedbyhisneighbors.Frequently,theywouldaskYoungBlacky“isittooearlytoseed?”withKongmingthesecondpresent.Andhispeerswhowereangrywithhimresponded“itistooearlytoseed”withonevoice.Fromthenon,YoungBlackyhadkepthimfarawayfromthecrowdedanddeterminedtogetridofthosesuperstitionsIthadbeenseveralyearssincethisyoungcouplefellinlovewitheachother.Previously,BlackywenttotheLadyfairy’salongwiththoseidlevillagers,andthentheaffectiontoQingraduallygeneratedinhisheart,whichwassointensivethatonedaylastedaslongasthreeautumnswhentheycouldn'tseeeachother.Therewas,asithappened,someonewouldliketobeamatchmakerandadvancetherelationshipbetweenthetwoyouths.However,thisactofkindnessdidnotgetapprovedfromKongmingthesecondfortheirunsuiteddestiniesaswellasthedisreputeofLadyFairy.Atthattime,abunchofrefugeesarrivedthevillageinwhichtherewasaeightofnineyearsoldgirlwhowasfinallyadoptedasthechildbrideofBlackybyKongmingthesecondaccordingtoawell-matcheddateofbirthandtheeightcharactersofahoroscope.AlthoughKongmingthesecondplacedmuchexpectationonthisprospectivedaughter-inlaw,however,YoungBlackyrefusedtoacknowledge,whichwasinevitablyincurredalongperiodofcoldwarbetweenthefatherandsonaswellasalittlegirlwithunclearroleinthisfamily.六斗争会金旺自从碰了小芹的钉子以后，每日怀恨，总想设法报一报仇。有一次武委会训练村干部，恰巧小二黑发疟疾没有去。训练完毕之后，金旺就向兴旺说：33 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第34页“小二黑是装病，其实是被小芹勾引住了，可以斗争他一顿。”兴旺就是武委会主任，从前也碰过小芹一回钉子，自然十分赞成金旺的意见，并且又叫金旺回去和自己的老婆说一下，发动妇救会也斗争小芹一番。金旺老婆现任妇救会主席，因为金旺好到小芹那里去，早就恨得小芹了不得。现在金旺回去跟她说要斗争小芹，这才是巴不得的机会，丢下活计，马上就去布置。第二天，村里开了两个斗争会，一个是武委会斗争小二黑，一个是妇救会斗争小芹。小二黑自己没有错，当然不承认，嘴硬到底，兴旺就下命令把他捆起来送交政权机关处理。幸而村长脑筋清楚，劝兴旺说：“小二黑发疟是真的，不是装病，至于跟别人恋爱，不是犯法的事，不能捆人家。”兴旺说：“他已是有了女人的。”村长说：“村里谁不知道小二黑不承认他的童养媳。人家不承认是对的，男不过十六，女不过十五，不到订婚年龄。十来岁小姑娘，长大也不会来认这笔账。小二黑满有资格跟别人恋爱，谁也不能干涉。”兴旺没话说了，小二黑反要问他：“无故捆人犯法不犯？”经村长双方劝解，才算放了完事。兴旺还没有离村公所，小芹拉着妇救会主席也来找村长。她一进门就说：“村长！捉贼要赃，捉奸要双，当了妇救会主席就不说理了？”兴旺见拉着金旺的老婆，生怕说出这事与自己有关，赶紧溜走。后来村长问了问情由，费了好大一会唇舌，才给他们调解开。6.StruggleSessionsJinwanghadbeenimmersedinhisrevengesincehegotfrustratedfromXiaoqin.Herewasanopportunity,onedayYoungBlackywasabsentfromthevillagecadrestrainingformalaria,whichwastakenadvantageofbyJinwangwhoregardedthisabsenceasanindulgenceintolustwithXiaoqin.ThisdefamegotanechofromXingwang,theheadofMilitaryCommitteeinLiujiajiao,whowasoncerefusedbyQinaswell.Hence,Xingwangencouragedhisbrothertodisclosethisscandaltohiswife,thedirectorof34 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第35页WomenCommission,whowasrackingherbrainstoframethisattractivegirl.Onhearingthismessage,thisjealouswomaninstantlypartookinmakingafalsechargeagainstYoungBlackyandQin.Nextday,twostrugglesessionswerelaunched:oneforBlacky,theotherforQin.ThedefamationgotaresolutedenyfromYoungBlackyforhisinnocence.Therefore,Xinwangdeterminedtotransferblackytojudicialorgans.Fortunately,thevillageheadwassensibleenoughtoanticipatetheinfluenceifthisissuewashandedovertoadministrativesectionandhetriedtopersuadeXingwangtogiveuphisunpracticalmind.“Itisrealforhisillness,andwecancausallydetainaninnocentpersonfordatingwithayounggirl”.Xingwangretorted:youngBlackyisamarriedman.”Thevillageheadreplied“webothknowthatlittledoesnotgetanyacknowledgmentfromBlacky,what’smore,theyevenreachthelegalagetobeengaged.YoungBlackyisafreeladtopursuehisownhappiness,andyouhavenorighttointerfere”.Xingwanghadnothingtosayforhisindefensibleexcuse.Thisyoungmanstronglyqueriedthisunfairtreatment.Afterapatientmediationbyvillagehead,itfinallycametoanend.HardlywhenXingwanglefttheoffice,Qincame,draggingthedirectortheWomenCommissionandsaid“tocatchathiefyoumustfindthestolengood,toaccusepeopleofadultery,youmustcatchtheadulterersonthescene,theruleshouldbefollowedevensheisthedirector”.XingwanghurriedtoescapeforfearthathewouldexposedinthisaffairbyJinwang’swife.Afteralong-terminquiriesandpacification,thevillageheadfinallysettledthisdispute.七三仙姑许亲两个斗争会开过以后，事情包也包不住了，小二黑也知道这事是合理合法的了，索性就跟小芹公开商量起来。三仙姑却着了急。她跟小芹虽是母女，近几年来却不对劲。三仙姑爱的是青年们，青年们爱的是小芹。小二黑这个孩子，在三仙姑看来好像鲜果，可惜多一35 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第36页个小芹，就没了自己的份儿。她本想早给小芹找个婆家推出门去，可是因为自己名声不正，差不多都不愿意跟她结亲。开罢斗争会以后，风言风语都说小二黑要跟小芹自由结婚，她想要真是那样的话，以后想跟小二黑说几句笑话都不能了，那是多么可惜的事，因此托东家求西家要给小芹找婆家。“插起招军旗，就有吃粮人。”有个吴先生是在阎锡山部下当过旅长的退职军官，家里很富，才死了老婆。他在奶奶庙大会上见过小芹一面，愿意续她，媒人向三仙姑一说，三仙姑当然愿意。不几天过了礼帖，就算定了，三仙姑以为了却一宗心事。小芹已经和小二黑商量得差不多了，如何肯听她娘的话。过礼那一天，小芹跟她娘闹起来，把吴先生送来的首饰绸缎扔下一地。媒人走后，小芹跟她娘说：“我不管！谁收了人家的东西谁跟人家去！”三仙姑愁住了，睡了半天，晚饭以后，说是神上了身，打了两个呵欠就唱起来。她起先责备于福管不了家，后来说小芹跟吴先生是前世姻缘，还唱些什么“前世姻缘由天定，不顺天意活不成，……”于福跪在地下哀求，神非教他马上打小芹一顿不可。小芹听了这话，知道跟这个装神弄鬼的娘说不出什么道理来，干脆躲了出去，让她娘一个人胡说。小芹一个人悄悄跑到前庄上去找小二黑，恰在路上碰上小二黑去找她，两个就悄悄拉着手到一个大窑里去商量对付三仙姑的法子。7.Ladyfairy’sMarriageArrangementforherDaughterTherelationshipbetweenQinandYoungBlackywasgettingwildlyknowninlocalafterthestrugglesessions.Blackyfullysensedthatitwashisinbornrighttopursueforhisownhappiness,soheputtheirfutureonthetable,whichfreakedtheLadyfairyout.ThoughMotheranddaughtertheywere,theywereextremelydifferent.Ladyfairylovedtheyouthswhowereallattractedbyherdaughter.InLadyFairy’seyes,YoungBlackyjustlikeajuicyfruit,however,Qinalwaysstoodinherwaytopick.Therefore,theideaofselectingason-inlawforQinalwaysexistedinhermind.However,the36 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第37页arrangementwasshelvedonaccountofherdisrepute.Afterthestrugglesession;noonewouldliketostandinthewayoftheirfreemarriage.Ladyfairythoughtifitcametrue,therewasnochanceforhertohaveaccesstothischarmingyouth,evensomeflirtywordsbecameunacceptable.SoLadyFairyplannedtochooseanothermantomarryherdaughter.“Hoisttherecruitingflagandhungrymenwillcome“AwealthyretiredbrigadiernamedWu,whohadservedunderthewarlordYanXishan,hadrecentlosthiswife.HesawQinatatemplefairandquitestruckbyher.Hesentamatchmakerwithaproposalofmarriage;LadyFairywasmorethanwilling.Afewdayslater,WusentengagementgiftstoconfirmthematchandLadyFairythoughteverythingwassettled.ButQinandYoungBlackyhadjustmadeuptheirminds.Naturally,thegirlwasreluctanttofollowhermother’swill.Thedaythegiftsweredelivered,abigargumentfinallybrokeoutbetweenthem.QinthrewBrigadier’sjewelsandsilksonthefloor.Afterthematchmakerhurriedlydeparted,thegirlexclaimed:“Iwon’thaveanypartofthem,ifyouwanthisfortune,youmarryhim.”LadyFairywasinaquandary.Forseveralhours,shelayuponherbed.Aftertheeveningmeal,shesaidshecouldfeelthe“spirit“takingher.Sheyawnsacoupleoftimesandbegantochant.Firstthe“spirit“blamedherhusbandfornotbeingabletorunthehouseholdproperly.Next,sheannouncedthatQin’smarriagewithBrigadierWuhadbeenordainedbyheavenandanyonewhoopposedheavenwoulddie.Onhearingthis,herhusbanddroppedtohiskneesandbeggedformercy.The“spirit”directedthathegaveQinabeating.Whenthepoorgirlhearingthis,sheknewtherewasnoreasoningwiththisfakemediumofamother.Shequicklydeparted,leavingLadyFairytobabbleonwithouther.Quietly,shewashurriedlyinsearchofyoungBlacky.Bychance,shemethimontheroad,lookingforher.HandinhandtheystoletoacavetheyknewtotalkoverhowtodealwithLadyFairy.八拿双37 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第38页小芹把她娘怎样主婚怎样装神，唱些什么，从头至尾细细向小二黑说了一遍，小二黑说：“不用理她！我打听过区上的同志，人家说只要男女本人愿意，就能到区上登记，别人谁也作不了主。……”说到这里，听见外边有脚步声，小二黑伸出头来一看，黑影里站着四五个人，有一个说：“拿双拿双！”他两人都听出是金旺的声音，小二黑起了火，大叫道：“拿？没有犯了法！”兴旺也来了，下命令道：“捉住捉住！我就看你犯法不犯法？给你操了好几天心了！”小二黑说：“你说去那里咱就去那里，到边区政府你也不能把谁怎么样！走！”兴旺说：“走？便宜了你！把他捆起来！”小二黑挣扎了一会，无奈没有他们人多，终于被他们七手八脚打了一顿捆起来了。兴旺说：“里边还有个女的，也捆起来！捉奸要双，这是她自己说的！”说着就把小芹也捆起来了。前庄上的人都还没有睡，听见有人吵架，有些人就跑出来看，麻秆火把下看见捆着的两个人，大家不问就都知道了八九分。二诸葛也出来了，见小二黑被人家捆起来，就跪在兴旺面前哀求道：“兴旺！咱两家没有什么仇！看在我老汉面上，请你们诸位高高手……”兴旺说：“这事情，我们管不了，送给上级再说吧！”小二黑说：“爹！你不用管！送到那里也不犯法！我不怕他！”兴旺说：“好小子！要硬你就硬到底！”又逼住三个民兵说：“带他们走！”一个民兵问：“带到村公所？”兴旺说：“还到村公所干什么？上一回不是村长放了的？送给区武委会主任按军法处理！”说着就把他两个人拥上走了。8.CatchAdulteryintheActQintoldyoungBlackythewholestoryabouthowhermotherarrangedhermarriage,howshewastakenbythe“Spirit”,andthewordsshechanted.“Don’tworry,”he38 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第39页advised.“Iconsultedacomradeinthedistrictgovernment.Andhesaidanyonewhowanttogetmarriagecangototheofficeandregister.Noonecanstop.”Onhearingfootsteps,youngBlackyputhisheadoutandlooked.Fourorfivemenwerestandingintheshadows,andoneofthemshouted:“Arrestthemboth.”ItwasthevoiceofWang.YoungBlackygrewangry.“Arrestwho?”hecried.“Nobodybrokeanylaw.”Xingwastheretoo.Heorderedhismen:“catchhim,wewillseewhetherhebrokeanylawornot.Thatfellowhasbeengivingmetroubleforalongtime.”“Iwillgowhereveryousay,”youngBlackyretorted“eventotheBorderRegiongovernment.Youhavegotnothingonme.”“Go?”SneeredXing.“Wearenotgoingtoletyoustrollthere.Thatwouldletyouofftooeasy.Tiehimup.”YoungBlackyfoughtvaliantly,buthewasoutnumbered.Intheend,theytiedhishandsbehindhisback.“Thereisagirlintheretoo,”saidXing,“Tieherupalso,youneedtwoculpritstoprovethiskindofthing.Shesaidsoherself.”Qinwasseizedandtiedaswell.Peoplewhoheardthenoisehurriedoutfromthevillage.When,inthelightofthetorches,theysawtheyoungcoupleboundwithropes,theycouldguesswellenoughwhathadhappened.YoungBlacky’sfather,KongmingthesecondfellonhiskneesbeforeXing“Thereisnobadbloodbetweenourfamilies,”hepledged.“Forthesakeofmyhonor,lethimgo.”“Thismatterisoutofourhands,”Xingretorted“Wehavetoturnhimovertothehigherauthorities.”“Don’tinterfere,Pa,”SaidyoungBlacky,“Itdoesn’tmatterwherehesentme,Ididn’tcommitanycrime,andIamnotafraidofhim.”“Though,areyou？”criedXing.“Thelasttimewesenthimthere,themayorlethimgo.Takehimtothedistrictmilitarycommitteeandletthembetriedaccordingtomartiallaw.”YoungBlackyandQinwerehauledaway.39 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第40页九二诸葛的神课邻居们见是兴旺弟兄们捆人，也没有人敢给小二黑讲情，直等到他们走后，才把二诸葛招呼回家。二诸葛连连摇头说：“唉！我知道这几天要出事啦：前天早上我上地去，才上到岭上，碰上个骑驴媳妇，穿了一身孝，我就知道坏了。我今年是罗睺星照运，要谨防带孝的冲了运气，因此那里也不敢去，谁知躲也躲不过？昨天晚上二黑她娘梦见庙里唱戏。今天早上一个老鸦落在东房上叫了十几声，……唉！反正是时运，躲也躲不过。”他罗里罗嗦念了一大堆，邻居们听了有些厌烦，又给他说了一会宽心话，就都散了。有事人那里睡得着？人散了之后，二诸葛家里除了童养媳之外，三个人谁也没有睡。二诸葛摸了摸脸，取出三个制钱占了一卦，占出之后吓得他面色如土。他说：“了不得呀了不得！丑土的父母动出午火的官鬼，火旺于夏，恐怕有些危险了。唉！人家把他选成青年队长，我就说过不叫他当，小杂种硬要充人物头！人家说要按军法处理，要不当队长那里犯得了军法？”老婆也拍手跺脚道：“小爹呀！谁知道你要闯这么大的事啦？”大黑劝道：“不怕！事已经出下了，由他去吧！我想这又不是人命事，也犯不了什么大罪！既然他们送到区上了，我先到区上打听打听！你们都睡吧！”说着点了个灯笼就走了。二诸葛打发大黑去后，仍然低头细细研究方才占的那一卦。停了一会，远远听着有个女人哭，越哭越近，不大一会就来到窗下，一推门就进来了。二诸葛还没有看清是谁，这女人就一把把他拉住，带哭带闹说：“刘修德！还我闺女！你的孩子把我的闺女勾引到那里了？还我……”二诸葛老婆正气得死去活来，一看见来的是三仙姑，正赶上出气，从炕上跳下来拉住她道：“你来了好！省得我去找你！你母女两个好生生把我孩子勾引坏，你倒有脸来找我！咱两人就也到区上说说理！”这两个女人滚成一团，二诸葛一个人拉也拉不开，也再顾不上研究他的卦。三仙姑见二诸葛老婆已经不顾了命，自己先胆怯了几分，不敢恋战，少闹了一会挣脱出来就走了。40 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第41页二诸葛老婆追出门来，被二诸葛拦回去，还骂个不休。9.Kongmingthesecond’sDivinationNoneoftheneighborshaddaredtopledgefortheyoungcouple.NowtheyurgedKongmingthesecondtogohome.Hesighed.“Iknewtroublewasbrewing.TheothermorningasIwascrossingtheridgeonthewaytomyfield,Imetawomanridingadonkey,andshewasdressedinmourning.Iknewrightthenwewereinforit.Accordingtomystarthisyear,ifIseemourning,Iwillruinmyluck.Ihavebeenafraidtogoanywhere,tryingtoavoidit,butintheend,Icouldn’tescape.Andlastnight,YoungBlacky’smadreamedsheheartanoperabeingsunginthetemple.Andthismorningacrowlitonourroofandcawedadozentimes.”Hesighedagain.“Thereisnoescapingfate.”Althoughirritatedwithhisloquaciousness,hisneighborsofferedafewwordsofcomfort,andthenallreturnedtotheirhomes.Butwhocouldsleep?InKongmingthesecond’shouse,onlythelittlegirlwasabletorelaxinslumber.LiutookthreecoinsandmanipulatedthemtocastYoung’shoroscope.Heblanchedattheresult.“Frightful,frightful,”heexclaimed.“WhentheyelectedhimheadoftheYouthVanguard,Itoldhimnottotakethejob.Butthelittlewretchhadtoplaythebigshot.Nowtheyaregoingtocourt-martialhim.IfhewerenottheleaderoftheYouthVanguard,hecouldnothavebrokenanymilitarylaw.”Hiswifeclappedherhandsandstampedherfeetinanguish.“Mypoorboy,”shewailed,“Whowouldhavethoughtthatyou’sgetyourselfinsuchamess?”“Don’tworry,”saidaman,elderbrother.“Thethinghasalreadyhappened.Whatifhegoestothedistrictgovernment?Thisisnotamurdercase,andIdon’tthinkitisveryserious.Iwillrunupthereandseewhat’sgoingon.Nowyoutwogotosleep.”Helitalanternandsetout.41 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第42页Afterseeinghimoff,Kongmingthesecondreturnedtohisdivination.Alittlelater,heheardawomancryinginthedistance.Thevoicekeptcomingnearerandneareruntilitwasoutsidehiswindow.Thenextthingheknew,ithadenteredhisdoor.BeforeLiucouldseewho,thewomanwas,shegrabbedhimbythearmsandranted:“Givemebackmydaughter,wherehasyoursonluredher?Giveherbacktome.”Blacky’smotherwasinfuriatedbytheseremarks.WhenshesawthattheintruderwasLadyfairy,sheleapedoutofbedandseizedher,shouting:“I’mgladyouhavecome,itsavesmethetroubleoflookingforyou.Youandyourdaughterhaveseducedmyboyandyouhavethegalltoinsultme.Comeon,we’llgotothedistrictgovernmentandsettlethis.”Twowomentussled.Liutriedinvaintopullthemapart,losingallinterestinastrology.WhenLadyFairysawBlacky’smotherwasreallyoutforherblood,shebecameabitfrightenedandbrokeaway.Blacky’smotherchasedherasfarasthegate.ShecontinuedtohurlcursesafterLadyfairywhenblockedfromfurtherpursuitbyKongmingthesecond.十恩典恩典二诸葛一夜没有睡，一遍一遍念：“大黑怎么还不回来，大黑怎么还不回来。”第二天天不明就起程往区上走，走到半路，远远看见大黑、三个民兵已都回来了，还来了区上一个助理员，一个交通员。他远远就喊叫道：“大黑！怎么样？要紧不要紧？”大黑说：“没有事！不怕！”说着就走到跟前，助理员跟三个民兵先走了。大黑告交通员说：“这就是我爹！”又向二诸葛说：“区上添传你跟于福老婆。你去吧，没有事！二黑跟小芹两个人，一到区上就放开了。区上早就听说兴旺和金旺两个人不是东西，已经把他两个人押起来了，还派助理员到咱村开大会调查他们横行霸道的证据。我赶到那里人家就问罢了，听说区上还许咱二黑跟小芹结婚。”二诸葛说：“不犯罪就好，结婚可不行，命相不对！你没有听说添传我做什么？”大黑说：“不知道，大约也没有什么大事。你去吧，我先回去告我娘说。”交通员说：42 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第43页“老汉！这就算见了你了！你去吧，我再传那一个去！”说了就跟大黑相跟着走了。二诸葛到了区上，看见小二黑跟小芹坐在一条板凳上，他就指着小二黑骂道：“闯祸东西！放了你你还不快回去？你把老子吓死了！不要脸！”区长道：“干什么？区公所是骂人的地方？”二诸葛不说话了。区长问：“你就是刘修德？”二诸葛答：“是！”问：“你给刘二黑收了个童养媳？”答：“是！”问：“今年几岁了？”答：“属猴的，十二岁了。”区长说：“女不过十五不能订婚，把人家退回娘家去，刘二黑已经跟于小芹订婚了！”二诸葛说：“她只有个爹，也不知逃难逃到那里去了，退也没处退。女不过十五不能订婚，那不过是官家规定，其实乡间七八岁订婚的多着哩。请区长恩典恩典就过去了。……”区长说：“凡是不合法的订婚，只要有一方面不愿意都得退！”二诸葛说：“我这是两家情愿！”区长问小二黑道：“刘二黑！你愿意不愿意？”小二黑说：“不愿意！”二诸葛的脾气又上来了，瞪了小二黑一眼道：“由你啦？”区长道：“给他订婚不由他，难道由你啦？老汉！如今是婚姻自主，由不得你了！你家养的那个小姑娘，要真是没有娘家，就算成你的闺女好了。”二诸葛道：“那也可以，不过还得请区长恩典恩典，不能叫他跟于福这闺女订婚！”区长说：“这你就管不着了！”二诸葛发急道：“千万请区长恩典恩典，命相不对，这是一辈子的事！”又向小二黑道：“二黑！你不要糊涂了！这是你一辈子的事！”区长道：“老汉！你不要糊涂了；强逼着你十九岁的孩子娶上个十二岁的小姑娘，恐怕要生一辈子气！我不过是劝一劝你，其实只要人家两个人愿意，你愿意不愿意都不相干。回去吧！童养媳没处退就算成你的闺女！”二诸葛还要请区长“恩典恩典”，一个交通员把他推出来了。10.ExGratia43 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第44页Liudidn’tsleepallnight.“Whyisn’thebackyet?Whyisn’thebackyet?”hekeptsayingofelderBlacky.Atdawn,hecouldn’tcontainhimselfnolonger,andsetoutforthedistrictgovernment.Beforehehadgonehalfthedistance,hesawelderBlackyandthreemilitiamenapproaching.Withthemwereadistrictgovernmentclerkandmessenger.Whiletheywerestillquitefarapart,Liuhailhisson:Whataboutit?Isitserious?”“Nothingtoit”theyoungmanshoutedback.“Don’tworry.”Aftertheyallhadmet,themilitiamenandtheclerkcontinuedontowardsthevillage.ElderBlackyintroducedhisfathertothemessenger.“ThedistrictgovernmentwantstoseeyouandLadyFairy,Pa”hesaid.“Goahead.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.YoungBlackyandQinwerereleasedassoonastheygotthere.ThedistricthasknowntheevildoingofWangbrothersforsometime.Theyhavebothbeenarrested.Thatclerkisgoingtoourvillagetoholdmeetingsandinvestigatethemcrimes.WhenIgottodistrict,thequestioningwasalreadyover.Iwastoldit’sallrightforQinandYoungBlackytogetmarried.”“Iamgladhehasn’tbrokenanylaw,”saidLiu.Butthatmarriageisimpossible.Theirhoroscopesdonotmatch.Doyouknowwhatdistrictwantstoseemeabout?”“No,probablynothingserious,Goahead,IwilltellMawhenIgethome.”“Itlookslikeyoursonhasnotifiedyouforme,oldneighbor.Whynotgoalong”saidthemessenger.Iwillgoandnotifytheotherperson”heandBlackywalkedontogether.WhenKongmingthesecondandLadyFairyreachedthedistrictgovernmentoffice,hefoundYoungBlackyandQinsittingonabench.Pointingathisson,heexclaimed:“Troublemaker，theyhaveletyouoff,whydon’tyougohome?Areyoutryingtoworrymetodeath?Shamelesswretch.”“What’sallthis?”thedistrictchiefinterjected.“Isthedistrictgovernmentofficeaplacetoswearatpeople?”Liufellintosilence.“AreyouLiuXiude?”thechiefaskedhim.“Yes,”repliedLiu.44 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第45页“AreyouraisingagirlhometobethewifeofYoungBlacky?”“Yes.”“Howoldisshe?”“Twelve.”“Sheistooyoungtobeengaged.Sendherbacktohermother.YoungBlackyisalreadyengagedtoQin.”“Shehasonlyafather,andheisarefugeewhodiedforfamine.Thereisnoplacetosendherbackto.Iknowthatlawsayssheistooyoungtobeengagedbutlotsofgirlsinourvillageareatherage.Bemercifulandletthisengagementstand.”“Anypartytoanillegalengagementwho’snotwillingcanbreakit.”“Butbothfamiliesagree.”ThedistrictchiefaskedYoungBlacky:“Doyouagree?”“No,Idon’t.”repliedtheboy.Liuglaredathim“That’snotforyoutodecide.”“Youdidn’taskhisconsentwhenyoumadetheengagement,”saidthedistrictchief.“Hedoesn’tneedyourstobreakit.Todaypeoplechoosepartnerinmarriage,andyouhavenosayinthematter.Ifthatlittlegirlyouareraisinghasnootherhome,youcanconsiderherasyoudaughter.”“Icandothat,allright.ButImustbegyoutobemercifulandnotlethimbecomeengagedtoQin.”“Youcan’tinterfereinthat.”“Bemerciful,Ibegyou.Theirhoroscopesdon’tmatchandtheywillbemiserablealltheirlives,”criedLiu.HeturnedtoBlacky.“Don’tbesuchamuddle-head.Thiswillaffectyourwholelife.”“Oldneighbor,”saidthedistrictchief,“Don’tyoubesuchamuddle-head.Yoursonwillreallybemiserableinhislifeifyouforcedhimtomarryatwelveyearsoldgirl.Iamtellingyouthisforyourowngood.IfBlackyandQinwanttogetmarried,theycanwhetheryouagreeornot.Youcangohomenow.Thelittlegirlcanbeyourdaughterifshehasnoplaceelsetogo.”45 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第46页BeforeKongmingthesecondcouldrenewhispleasforthedistrictchieftobemerciful,amessengerpushedhimout.十一看看仙姑三仙姑去寻二诸葛，一来为的是逞逞斗气的本领，二来为的是遮遮外人的耳目。其实让小芹吃一吃亏她很高兴，所以跟二诸葛老婆闹了一阵之后，回去就睡了。第二天早上，她起得很迟，于福虽比她着急，可是自己既没有主意，又不敢叫醒她，只好自己先去做饭，饭快成的时候，三仙姑慢慢起来梳妆，于福问她道：“不去打听打听小芹？”她说：“打听她做甚啦？她的本领多大啦？”于福也再没有敢说什么，把饭菜做成了放在炉边等，直等到她梳妆罢了才开饭。饭还没有吃罢，区上的交通员来传她。她好像很得意，嗓子拉得长长的说：“闺女大了咱管不了，就去请区长替咱管教管教！”她吃完了饭，换上新衣服、新手帕、绣花鞋、镶边裤，又擦了一次粉，加了几件首饰，然后叫于福给她备上驴，她骑上，于福给她赶上，往区上去。到了区上。交通员把她引到区长房子里，她爬下就磕头，连声叫道：“区长老爷，你可要给我作主！”区长正伏在桌上写字，见她低着头跪在地下，头上戴了满头银首饰，还以为是前两天跟婆婆生了气的那个年青媳妇，便说道：“你婆婆不是有保人吗？为什么不找保人？”三仙姑莫明其妙，抬头看了看区长的脸。区长见是个擦着粉的老太婆，才知道是认错了人。交通员道：“认错人了！这就是于小芹的娘！”区长打量了她一眼道：“你就是小芹的娘呀？起来！不要装神做鬼！我什么都清楚！起来！”三仙姑站起来了。区长问：“你今年多大岁数？”三仙姑说：“四十五。”区长说：“你自己看看你打扮得像个人不像？”门边站着老乡一个十来岁的小闺女嘻嘻嘻笑了。交通员说：“到外边耍！”小闺女跑了。区长问：“你会下神是不是？”三仙姑不敢答话。区长问：“你给你闺女找了个婆家？”三仙姑答：“找下了！”问：“使了多少钱？”答：“三千五！”问：“还有些什么？”答：“有些首饰布匹！”问：“跟你闺女商量过没有？”答：“没有！”问：“你闺女愿意不愿意？”答：“不知46 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第47页道！”区长道：“我给你叫来你亲自问问她！”又向交通员道：“去叫于小芹！”刚才跑出去那个小闺女，跑到外边一宣传，说有个打官司的老婆，四十五了，擦着粉，穿着花鞋。邻近的女人们都跑来看，挤了半院，唧唧哝哝说：“看看！四十五了！“看那裤腿！”“看那花鞋！”三仙姑半辈没有脸红过，偏这会撑不住气了，一道道热汗在脸上流。交通员领着小芹来了，故意说：“看什么？人家也是个人吧，没有见过？闪开路！”一伙女人们哈哈大笑。把小芹叫来，区长说：“你问问你闺女愿意不愿意！”三仙姑只听见院里人说“四十五”“穿花鞋”，羞得只顾擦汗，再也开不得口。院里的人们忽然又转了话头，都说“那是人家的闺女”，“闺女不如娘会打扮”，也有人说“听说还会下神”，偏又有个知道底细的断断续续讲“米烂了”的故事，这时三仙姑恨不得一头碰死。区长说：“你不问我替你问！于小芹，你娘给你找的婆家你愿意跟人家结婚不愿意？”小芹说：“不愿意！我知道人家是谁？”区长向三仙姑道：“你听见了吧？”又给她讲了一会婚姻自主的法令，说小芹跟小二黑订婚完全合法，还吩咐她把吴家送来的钱和东西原封退了，让小芹跟小二黑结婚。她羞愧之下，一一答应了下来。11.LadyFairyLadyFairywenttoLiu’sthatnightfortworeasons.Firstly,shewantedtoshowwhatarumpusshecouldraiseifshetriedforherbest.Secondly,shewantedtomakeacoverforheractualfeelings.Actually,shewasquitehappyforQinwasgettingintotrouble.Naturally,shesleptwellwhenshereturnedhomethatnightNextmorning,shecontinuedgluingherselfinbed.Thoughherhusbandwasprettyanxiousaboutthearrestoftheirdaughter,hehadnoideaaboutwhattodonext.Nodaringtodisturbhiswife,hecookedbreakfasthimself.Whenitwasnearlyready,sheleisurelyroseandbegancombingherhair.47 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第48页“AreyougoingtoQin?”heasked.“Whatfor?”retortedLadyFairy.“Lethergetoutofthisscrapeherself,ifsheissosmart.”Herhusbanddaredtosaynomore.Heputthecookedfoodonthesideofthestovetokeepitwarmuntilhiswifefinishedherjob.AstheywerestartingtheirmealsthemessengerarrivedfromdistrictwithasummoningforLadyFairy.Sheseemedquitepleased.“Ourdaughterisgrownnowandwecan’thandleheranymore.”shedrawled.“Wehopeshewillgetpunished.”Afterbreakfastsheputonherbestcloths,anewkerchief,embroideredshoes,andfancy-hemmedtrousers.Sheaddedanotherlayerofpowderandstuckseveralornamentsinherhair.Thenshetoldherhusbandtosaddlethedonkey.Shemountedand,withhimdrivingthebeastfrombehind,rodetothedistrictgovernmentoffice.Themessengerlethertothechief’soffice.Shedroppedtoherkneesandkowtowed.“Pleasegivemejustice,officer,”sheintoned.Thechief,whohadbeenwritingathisdesk,sawawomankneelingbeforehimwithloweredhead,herhairfullofsilverornaments.Hethoughtitwasayoungwifewhohadsoughthishelptwodaysbefore,afterquarrelingwithhermother-inlaw.“Doesn’tyourmother-in-lawhaveaguarantor?”heasked.“Whydon’tyougotohim?”Bewildered,LadyFairyraisedherhead.Whenthechiefsawamiddle-agedwoman,whosefacecakedwithpowder,herealizedhismistake.Themessengerquicklyexplained:“ThisisQin’smother.”Thechieflookedherover.“SoyouareQin’smother.Getup.Noneedtoputonanact.Iknowthewholestory,andgetup.”Ladyfairyrosetoherfeet.Thechiefasked:“Howoldareyou?”“Fifty-five.”“Whydoyoudeckyourselfoutlikethat?Don’tyouknowwhatyoulooklike?”48 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第49页Agirloftenorsowhohadbeenstandingatthedoor,watching,giggled.“Gooutandplay.”themessengershouted.Thegirlfled.“Canyouinvokethisspirit?”Thechiefdemanded.Ladyfairydarednotreply.Thechiefaskedher:“Didyoufindasuitorforyourdaughter?”“Yes.”“Howmuchdidhegive?”“Three-thousandandfive-hundred.”“Whatelse?”“Somesilkandjewelries.”“Didyoutalkitoverwithyourdaughterfirst?”“No.”“Doessheagreetothematch?”“Idon’tknow.”“Iwillcallherandyoucanask,”saidthechief.Heturnedtothemessenger.“BringQinhere.”Thelittlegirlwhohadbeenchasedawayspreadthestorythatthechiefwasquestioningaforty-fiveyearsoldwomanwhopowderedherfaceandworeembroideredshoes.Theneighborhoodwomencameflockingtosee,fillinghalfthecourtyard.“Justlookatthat,”theychattered.“Howdoyoulikethosetrousers?”“Andthoseshoes!”Ladyfairy,whohadn’tblushedinyears,gotembarrassed.Perspirationrolleddownherchecks.Themessenger,escortingQin,saidtothewomeninavoicedeliberatelyloudsothatLadyfairycouldhear:“Whatareyougapingat?Sheishuman.Haven’tyoueverseenanyonelikethatbefore?Makeaway,makeaway.”Thewomenburstintolaughter.WhenQinarrived,thechiefsaidtoLadyFairy“Askyoudaughterwhethershe’swilling.”49 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第50页ButLadyFairyhadearsonlyforthewomeninthecourtyard.”Forty-five,”theyaresaying,“andshewearembroideredshoes.”Sweatingwithembarrassment,LadyFairykeptmoppingherface.Shecouldn’tutteraword.Theladiesoutsidechangedtheirsubject.“That’sherdaughter....Doesn’tmakeupnearlyasfancyashermother....Theysayshecaninvokethespirits...”Oneofthemwhoknewthestoryof“thericeisoverdone”tolditinfull.BythenLadyFairywasreadytodie.“Ifyouwon’taskyourdaughter,andIwillaskherforyou.”Saidthedistrictchief.HeaddressedhimselftoQin:“Areyouwilltomarrythemanyoumotherhaschosen?”“No,Idon’tevenknowhim.”“Didyouhearthat?”ThechiefaskedLadyFairy.HeexplainedaboutthefreedomofchoiceprovisionsinMarriageLaw,andsaidthatQin’sengagementtoBlackywasentirelylegal.HeadvisedLadyFairytoreturnthemoneyandgiftstoBrigadierWuandletQinmarryyoungBlacky.Veryashamed,LadyFairycompromised.十二怎么到底三个民兵回到刘家峧，一说区上把兴旺金旺两人押起来，又派助理员来调查他们的罪恶，真是人人拍手称快。午饭后，庙里开一个群众大会，村长报，告了开会宗旨就请大家举他两个人的作恶事实。起先大家还怕扳不倒人家，人家再返回来报仇，老大一会没有人说话，有几个胆子太小的人，还悄悄劝大家说：“忍事者安然。”有个被他两人作践垮了的年青人说：“我从前没有忍过？越忍越不得安然！你们不说我说！”他先从金旺领着土匪到他家绑票说起，一连说了四五款，才说道：“我歇歇再说，先让别人也说几款！”他一说开了头，许多受过害的人也都抢着说起来：有给他们花过钱的，有被他们逼着上过吊的，也有产业被他们霸了的，老婆被他们奸淫过的。他两人还派上民兵给他们自己割柴，拨上民夫给他们自己锄地；浮50 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第51页收粮，私派款，强迫民兵捆人，……你一宗他一宗，从晌午说到太阳落，一共说了五六十款。区上根据这些罪状把他两人送到县里，县里把罪状一一证实之后，除叫他们赔偿大家损失外，又判了十五年徒刑。经过这次大会之后，村里人也都敢出头了。不久，村干部又都经过大改选，村里人再也不敢乱投坏人的票了。这其间，金旺老婆自然也落了选。偏她还变了口吻，说：“以后我也要进步了。”两个神仙也有了变化：三仙姑那天在区上被一伙妇女围住看了半天，实在觉着不好意思，回去对着镜子研究了一下，真有点打扮得不像话；又想到自己的女儿快要跟人结婚，自己还卖什么老俏？这才下了个决心，把自己的打扮从顶到底换了一遍，弄得像个当长辈人的样子，把三十年来装神弄鬼的那张香案也悄悄拆去。二诸葛那天从区上回去，又向老婆提起二黑跟小芹的命相不对，他老婆道：“把你的鬼八卦收起吧！你不是说二黑这回了不得吗？你一辈子放个屁也要卜一课，究竟抵了些什么事？我看小芹满不错，能跟咱二黑过就很好！什么命相对不对？你就不记得‘不宜栽种’？”二诸葛见老婆都不信自己的阴阳，也就不好意思再到别人跟前卖弄他那一套了。小芹和小二黑各回各家，见老人们的脾气都有些改变，托邻居们趁势和说和说，两位神仙也就顺水推舟同意他们结婚。后来两家都准备了一下，就过门。过门之后，小两口都十分得意，邻居们都说是村里第一对好夫妻。夫妻们在自己卧房里有时候免不了说玩话：小二黑好学三仙姑下神时候唱“前世姻缘由天定”，小芹好学二诸葛说“区长恩典，命相不对”。淘气的孩子们去听窗，学会了这两句话，就给两位神仙加了新外号：三仙姑叫“前世姻缘”，二诸葛叫“命相不对”。51 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第52页1943年5月，写于太行12.All'sWellthatEndsWellPeasantsinvillageweresohappyoncetheyheardfromthethreesoldierscamefromthedistrictofficethatWangBrothershadbeendetained,andtheirsinwouldbediscoveredbytheofficers.Afterlunch,peasantsholdmeetingtoexposetheircrimeinthoseyears.Atfirst,peopleweretooafraidtostepforwardforthepowerandinfluenceoftheBrothers.However,theicewasbrokenbysomeyouthswhoweresufferingalotPeasantsroseoneafteranothertoexposethewickednessofthatbrothers:blackmail,drivingpeopletosuicide,robbery,rape.Theysentmilitiamenouttocuttheirfirewood;theyorderedvillagerstohoetheirfields.Theyconfiscatedgrainsandimposedtaxes,usedthemilitiaastheirprivatepolice...Bysunset,fiftyorsixtyillegalactshadbeenrevealed.Onthebasisofthisevidence,thetwoweresenttoaformaltrial.There,besidesbeingorderedtopaycompensationsforallthedamagesthattheyhadcaused,theywereeachsentencedtofifteenyearsinprison.Whentheresultsofthemassmeetingbecameknown,thevillagestookcourage.Newcadreswereelected.Noonedaredtocastavoteforanyrascal.EvenWang’swife,whowasvotedoutoftheoffice,changedhertune.“Iwillbeprogressivefromnowon,”sheavowed.Therewasametamorphosisinourtwooraclesaswell.Ladyfairyhadbeenmortifiedbythestaresofthewomenthatdayinthedistrictchief’soffice.Whenshereturnedhome,shetookalonglookatherselfinthemirror.Shereallywasridiculouslyover-dressed.Awomanwithadaughterwhohadsoonismarried-whowasshetryingtofool?Shemadeuphermind.Fromheadtotoeshecoveredherappearancetoonemoresuitabletoherage.Thenincensetablewithwhichshehadbeeninvokingthespiritsforthepastthirstyyears,shequicklydismantled.52 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文第53页WhenKongmingthesecondgotbackfromthedistrictgovernmentofficethatday,heagainbemoanedtohiswifethefactQinandYoungBlacky’shoroscopesdidn’tmatch.“It’stimeyougotridofthoseastrologycharts,”hiswifesaid.“Allyourlifeyou’veneverevenbrokenwindwithoutfirstconsultingthem.YousaidYoungBlackywasinterribletrouble,butnothinghappened.ItseemstomeQinisanicegirlandshewillbeagoodwifetoourson.Whatisthisnonsensetheirhoroscopesdon’tmatch？Haveyouforgottentooearlytosow?”Withhisownwifenolongerbelievinghisoccultpowers,Liulosthiscourage.Henevertriedtodemonstratethemagain.AfterQinandBlacky’sbackhome,theyencouragedtheirneighborstofacilitatetheirrelationshipinlightofthealleviationintheirfamilies’environment,especiallytheconcessionoftheirparents.Naturally,theymarriagegotapproved.Afterwards,theyfinallygotmarriedandhadanenviabletime.Thisnewcoupleonceprivatelyimitatedthetonguesoftheirparents:“Ithasbeendestinedtothismarriage.”“Pleasebemerciful,theywon’thaveahappylifefortheirunmatchedhoroscopes.”Alltheabovehadbeenheardbykidsandfromthenonnewnameshasbeenpopularized:“Destinedmarriage”forLadyfairy,and“Unmatchedhoroscopes”forKongmingthesecond.May.1943inTaihangMont.District53