《屈原列传》导学案学习目标:1、掌握文中重点实词、虚词和句式等文言知识。2、了解屈原的生平事迹,学习屈原的爱国精神和志洁行廉、刚正不阿的高尚品德学习重点:1、积累文中重点实词、虚词和句式等文言知识。2、背诵默写第3段。翻译重点文言语句。一:课前预习:1、简介屈原的生平:屈原(约公元前340——约前278年),名平,战国末期楚国人,主要作品有《离骚》、《天问》、《九歌》、《九章》等。汉代把它们合编为《楚辞》。出生楚国贵族,知识渊博,有卓越的政治和外交才能。他曾得到楚怀王信任,担任地位相当高的“左徒”官职,参与国家政令的起草和外交等工作,但由于上官大夫的诽谤而被楚怀王疏远。屈原鉴于在秦国威胁下的楚国的危机,主张改良内政,联合齐国以求自存。但是,当权者靳尚和怀王的宠姬郑袖受了秦国使者张仪的贿赂,阻止怀王接受屈原的正确意见,和齐国绝交了。怀王甚至被秦国诱去做了三年的俘虏,囚死在秦国。楚怀王死后,顷襄王即位,他比他的父亲还要糊涂,在令尹子兰和上官大夫的挑拨和诋毁下,屈原被流放在外二十多年。六十二岁时,他看到楚国的前途已经绝望,于公元前285农历五月初五日,跳进湖南省汩罗江自杀了。屈原的一生是一个悲剧,他的政治生活虽然失败了,但作为伟大爱国主义者和伟大诗人却赢得了人民的同情和尊敬。每年的农历五月初五日端午节,全中国各地划龙船,吃粽子,就是用来纪念屈原的。2、屈原的影响:屈原的诗作,是我们中华民族传统精神的写真。他同腐朽没落的贵族政治集团作斗争的顽强精神,他坚持自己的理想而宁死不屈的坚定意志,他出污泥而不染的高尚情操,他眷恋祖国,与祖国同呼吸共命运的爱国主义思想,形成了他的诗作的基调。这便是屈原的作品传颂千古的原因之一。屈原的诗作是我国文学史上的一座丰碑。它打破了以《诗经》为代表的四言诗的格调,吸收民间形式,创造了一种句法参差多变的新诗体“楚辞”,是诗歌形式的一次大解放。它继承和发展了《诗经》的比兴手法,开创了浪漫主义的创作道路。后代一切有成就的文学家,都从屈原和他的作品中吸取了营养。3、背景简介:课文节选自《史记•屈原贾生列传》。史记记载了我国从远古直到汉武帝时的历史,是我国第一部记传体通史。两千年来,我国封建社会的“正史”,大多数沿用《史记》开创的这种体例。《史记》不但是一部史学名著,而且是一部文学名著。它善于塑造人物形象,语言简洁生动;同时富于抒情性。它在叙述史实时,饱含着作者强烈的爱憎感情,大概是因为这个原因,鲁迅誉之为“史家之绝唱,无韵之《离骚》”。司马迁大约因为屈原、贾谊都是文学家,又都怀才不遇,贾谊还作过《吊屈原赋》,所以就把他们合写一传。课文选的是屈原的传文部分(有删节)。秦朝以前,古书中都不记载屈原的生平事迹。《史记》中的这篇传记,是记载屈原生平事迹最早,最完整的文献。它以记叙、议论、抒情相结合,记载屈原的事迹和文学上的杰出才能,具体而深刻地表现了他忠贞不渝的爱国精神和志洁行廉、刚正不阿的品格,集中表现了屈原的高尚情操和斗争精神,流露了作者的郁郁不平之气和“悲其志”的叹惋。第一课时一、整体感知1.初读课文,读准字音。属()草稿惨怛()帝喾()靡不毕见()举类迩()濯()淖()蝉蜕()滋垢()浊秽()皦()然泥()而不滓()者也既绌()商於()屈匄()既咎()眷()顾相随属()憔()悴()locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame
啜()其醴()物之汶汶()者乎罹()难枯槁()温蠖()汨()罗被()发渔父()2.再读课文,疏通文意,理清思路。二、学习第一、二部分文言基础知识积累(一)通假字:locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame(1)离骚者,犹离忧也()(2)人穷则反本()(3)糜不毕见()(4)其称文小而其指极大()(5)自疏濯淖污泥之中()locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame(二)重点文言词语释义:(1)娴于辞令()(2)争宠而心害其能()(3)屈平属草稿()(4)怀王使屈原造为宪令()(5)平伐其功()(6)王怒而疏屈平()(7)屈平疾王听之不聪也()(8)可谓穷矣()(9)其文约()(10)其词微()(11)明道德之广崇()(12)治乱之条贯()(三)词类活用locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame(1)屈平疾王听之不聪也(2)谗谄之蔽明也(3)邪曲之害公也(4)蝉蜕于污秽(5)方正之不容也(6)明道德之广崇locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame(四)文言句式locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame(1)屈原者名平,楚之同姓也()(2)方正之不容也()(3)明于治乱,娴于辞令()(4)离骚者,犹离忧也()(5)信而见疑,忠而被谤()(6)其行廉,故死而不容()(7)明道德之广崇()locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame(五)翻译句子(1)人穷则反本,故劳苦倦极,未尝不呼天也;疾痛惨怛,未尝不呼父母也。(2)其称文小而其指极大,举类迩而见义远。(3)博闻强志,明于治乱,娴于辞令。第二课时locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame
一.文言基础知识梳理(一)通假字locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame(1)屈平既绌()(2)齐与楚从亲()(3)亡走赵,赵不内()(4)乃令张仪详去秦()(5)使于齐顾反()(6)厚币委质事楚()locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame(二)文言重点词语释义(1)惠王患之()(2)齐与楚从亲()(3)楚诚能绝齐()(4)怀王乃悉发国中兵以深入击秦()(5)明年秦割汉中地与楚议和()(6)臣请往如楚()(7)奈何绝秦欢()(8)屈平既嫉之()(9)人君无愚智()(10)冀幸君之一悟()(11)一篇之中三致志焉()(12)然亡国破家相随属()(三)词类活用locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame(1)厚币委质事楚(2)亡国破家相随属(3)内惑于郑袖,外欺于张仪(4)莫不欲求忠以自为,举贤以自佐(5)身客死于秦(6)秦虎狼之国(7)时秦昭王与楚婚locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame(四)文言句式locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame(1)大破楚师于丹淅()(2)遂绝齐()(3)又因厚币用事者臣靳尚()(4)内惑于郑袖,外欺于张仪()(5)身客死于秦,为天下笑()(6)举贤以自佐()locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame(五)翻译句子(1)惠王患之,乃令张仪详去秦,厚币委质事楚,(2)张仪闻,乃曰:“以一仪而当汉中地,臣请往如楚。”(3)如楚,又因厚币用事者臣靳尚,而设诡辩于怀王之宠姬郑袖。(4)屈平既嫉之,虽放流,眷顾楚国,系心怀王,不忘欲反,冀幸君之一悟,俗之一改也。(5)人君无愚智贤不肖,莫不欲求忠以自为,举贤以自佐。第三课时(一)通假字被发行吟泽畔()(二)重点实词locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame1、王怒而迁之( )2、何不餔其糟而啜其醨()3、受物之汶汶者乎() 4、楚有宋玉、景差之徒( )5、皆祖屈原之从容辞令 ()locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame(三)古今异义locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame1、颜色憔悴 2、形容枯槁3、然皆祖屈原之从容辞令 locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcamelocatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame
三:当堂检测1、下列各组词语中加黑字的字形、注音都正确的一组是:( )A.惨怛(dán)枯槁(gǎo)濯淖(nào)憔悴(cuì)B.惨怛(dàn)枯槁(gǎo)濯淖(nào)憔悴(cuì)C.惨怛(dá)枯槁(gǎo)濯淖(zhuō)憔悴(cuì)D.惨怛(dá)枯槁(gǎo)濯淖(nào)憔悴(cuì)2、下列词语书写与拼音完全正确的一组是:( )A.疾痛惨恒(dá) 濯淖污泥(zhuó)哺糟啜醨(bǔ) 从容淡静(cōng)B.搏闻强志(qiáng) 谗谄蔽明(xiàn)靡不毕见(xiàn) 眷顾楚国(hüàn)C.怀瑾握瑜(yú) 旧事填膺(yì)莫不逾侈(yú) 积年不徙(xǐ)D.差肩而坐(chā) 不觉莞尔(wán)膛视而笑(táng) 犹尚殗殜(yān)3、下列各句中的“为”字,按意义与用法分类,正确的一组是:( )locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame①身客死于秦,为天下笑②又前而为歌③而自令见放为④王使屈平为令⑤竟为秦所设⑥赵王窃闻秦王善为秦声⑦何辞为⑧旦日飨士卒,为击破沛公军⑨昔人云:“将以有为也。”locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcameA.①⑤⑨/②④⑥/③⑦/⑧B.①⑤⑧/②④⑥/③⑦/⑨C.①⑤/②④⑥/③⑦/⑧/⑨D.①⑤⑥/②④⑧/③⑦/⑨4、下列各组句子中黑体的词与例句加黑词语意义相同的一项是:(1)使使如秦受地( )locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcameA.其如土石何B.如其克谐,天下可定也C.如扬州,过瓜州扬子桥D.邂逅不如意,便就还孤locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame(2)顾不知计所出耳( )locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcameA.荆轲顾笑武阳B.顾吾念之,强秦之所以不敢加兵于赵者,徒以吾两人在也C.成顾蟋蟀笼虚,则气断声D.但欲求死,不复顾利害locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame(3)其文约,其辞微( )A.微斯人,吾谁与归B.亦雁荡具体而微者C.童微伺其睡,以缚背刃,力下上,得绝。D.仲尼没而微言绝(4)一篇之中三致志焉( )A.不爱珍器重宝肥饶之地,以致天下之士。B.听妇前致辞C.假舆马者,非利足也,而致千里D.女行无偏斜,何意致不厚5、下列各句中均有词类活用现象,请选出分类正确的一组:( )locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame①进兵北略地②又前而为致曰③其后楚日以削④卒使上官大夫短屈原于顷襄王⑤乃遂盛樊於期之首,函封之⑥群臣怪之⑦大将军邓骘奇其才locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcameA.①②③/④⑤/⑦/⑥⑧B.①③⑤/②④/⑦C.①②③⑤/④/⑥⑦D.①②③/④/⑤/⑦/⑥6、选出下列句中“乃”字词性不同于其他之句的一项:( )A.臣乃得有以报太子locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame
B.此臣日夜切齿拊心也,乃今得闻教C.事所以不成者,乃欲以生劫之D.而乃以手共搏之7、选出下列句中“以”字做副词用的一项:( )A.以尽矣,荆卿岂无意哉B.而卒惶急无以击轲C.愿得将军之首以献秦D.皆白衣冠以送之8、以下各句中“被”字与“屈原至于江滨,被发行吟泽畔”中的用法、意义完全相同的是:( )A.被明月兮佩宝璐B.未几,成归,闻妻言,如被冰雪C.外人颇公孙布被之讥D.幸被齿发,何敢负德E.世之有饥穰,天之行也,禹汤被之矣F.将军身被坚执锐G.幸大雪璐岭,被南越中数州9、找出下列黑体字中用法含义不同于其他三句的一句:( )A.怀王怒,不听,亡走赵,赵不内。B.亡何国变,宁南死C.河曲智叟亡以应D.生之有时而用之亡度10、选出与其他三句句型不同的一项:( )A.内惑于郑袖,外欺于张仪B.复之秦,竟死于秦而归葬C.兵挫地削,亡其六郡D.父母宗族,皆为戮没11、下面各句中黑体词语其意义,有的与现代汉语相同,有的则不同,找出全都不同的一组:( )locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame①因为长句,歌以赠之②寡君之以为戮,死且不朽③樊将军以穷困来归丹④北蛮夷之鄙人⑤视六十年以前增十倍焉⑥何必劳神苦思,代有司之职役哉⑦吾意久怀忿,汝岂得自由⑧仆所以留者locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcameA.①③④⑤⑦⑧ B.①③⑤⑦C.①③④⑥⑧ D.①③⑦⑧12、选出下列各句中翻译正确的一项:(1)今行而无信,则秦未可亲也。( )A.现在,作事不讲信用,那么,秦国是不可以信任的。B.现在空手而去,没有凭信之物,那就无法接近秦王。C.现在要去到不讲信用的秦国,那是不可亲近的。D.现在,我就要动身了,你却不信任我,那么,我又怎么可能接近秦王呢?(2)然则将军之仇报,而燕国见陵之耻除矣。( )A.可是将军的仇报了,然而燕国见陵一战的耻辱怎样消除呢?B.这样的话,那么将军的仇恨报了,燕国受欺凌的耻辱也除掉了。C.然而那么,将军的家仇报了,燕国的国恨也洗雪了。D.是的,这样将军的家仇报了,燕国被欺凌的国耻也洗雪了。(3)其称文小而其指极大,举类迩而见义远。( )A.那文章被称做短小的文章可指的都是大事,提到的同类事物都是周围的小事可是表现的意思却很深。locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame
B.它的文句都是些琐细之辞,但它的含义非常远大,所列举的比喻虽都是眼前的近事,但所体现的思想意义却很深远。C.其中的文句虽短小,但含义却极大,所举的例子虽多,属身边小事,可内在含义却极其深远。D.它的文章短小却都是暗指国家大事,列举的例子虽属身边小事,却表现出了极其深远的意义。(4)……上官大夫短屈原于顷襄王。( )A.……上官大夫向顷襄王说坏话攻击屈原。B.……上官大夫在顷襄王面前数说屈原的短处。C.……上官大夫编造谎话向顷襄王进谗,大肆攻击屈原。D.……上官大夫在顷襄王面前攻讦诋毁屈原。(5)(怀王)兵挫地削,亡其六郡,身客死于秦,为天下笑。( )A.(怀王)军事上受挫折,地盘被剥削,灭亡了他六个郡,自己做客死在秦国,被天下人耻笑。B.(怀王)军队被挫败,国土被割裂,丢掉了六个郡,自己死在异乡秦国,被天下人耻笑。C.(怀王)士兵被挫败,土地受剥夺,失掉了他的六个郡,自己做客死在秦国,被天下人耻笑。D.(怀王)士兵被挫败,国土被割裂,失去了六个郡,自己死在异乡秦国,成为天下人的笑料。13、填空:①《屈原列传》节选自《史记·屈原贾生列传》,贾生即 , 时人。司马迁之所以把这两个相距百年的人放在一起立传,除了因他们二人有许多共同点和一定关联外,也是因为作者对他们有着共同的敬仰、同情,而且,作者也通过为屈、贾立传而隐晦曲折地表达了自己对 使他遭受屈辱的极大不满。所以,该传用 的方法来写人记事。②屈原是我国历史上伟大的爱国主义者,他不但是政治家、思想家,而且是一个成就辉煌的文学家、诗人。他创作了我国古代最长的一首抒情诗 ,是“楚辞”的顶峰之作,也是和风、雅、颂并称的 诗的奠基之作。他的诗作 ,甚至可以说是人类历史上最早描写太空旅行的科幻文学佳品。他在一系列作品中,把许多神话传说、历史人物、日月风云、山川流沙等,交织成一幅雄伟奇丽的画卷,从而开创了我国文学史上的浪漫主义的一代新风。③后人曾评议司马迁作“屈”传说:“史公与屈子实有同心。”请问,他们的心最“同”在哪一点上?( )A.举世混浊而我独清,众人皆醉我独醒。B.正道直行,竭忠尽智,以事其君,谗人间之,可谓穷矣。C.博闻强志,明于治乱,娴于辞令D.信而见疑,忠而被谤,能无怨乎?locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame