淡妆浓抹总相宜_论_子夜_的结构艺术

淡妆浓抹总相宜_论_子夜_的结构艺术v61.23no.3菏泽师专学报journalofhezeteaehers6llege2001年8月aug.2001淡妆浓抹总相宜-论《子夜》的结构艺术宋宁(聊城师范学院,山东聊城252000)摘要:本文从三个方面分析了(子夜》的结构照应;③情节安排疏密相间,虚实结合,有张有弛.关键词:茅盾(子夜)结构中图分类号:1207.425文献标识码: :①各条线索同时提出,交相发展;②结构严密完整,前后文章编号:1003一6318(2001)03一0022一03茅盾的长篇小说《子夜》在1932年2月初版后仅仅三个月内,就连续再版四次,每次五千部,不仅爱好新文学的青年学生对《子夜)爱不释手,就连那些从来不看新文学作品的资本家的小姐少奶奶们也争相阅读(子夜①(子夜》之所以产生如此巨大的).影响,不仅因为它具有巨大的思想深度和广阔的历史内容,而且以其卓越的艺术技巧,特别是精湛的结构方式,深深地吸引着读者.本文拟就《子夜》的结构艺术作一粗浅的探讨,以就教于专家和研究者."结构'一词,简单的说来,便是书中的动作.换言之,便是书中离合悲欢的情节.从技术上说,结构便是一部小说的机能的作用.''','','不结构②光是把整个故事的细微情节处理得条理自然就算完事','结构还应表现出主人公的性格发展的过程,何 以是这样的发展而不是那样的发展.如果把结构''看作只是人物及其各种活动的技术性安排,那就缩小了它的意义和作用,因而会妨碍主题思想的明确③因此,作家们对作品的结构历来十分重视,在."拈韵抽毫之始,就对全书的结构进行仔细的斟酌,犹如工师之建宅,"基址初平,间架未立,先筹何处建厅,何方开户,栋需何木,梁用何材,必侯成局了然,始可挥斤运斧.倘造成一架后再筹一架,则便于前者而不便于后,势必改而就之,未成先毁,犹筑舍道旁,兼数宅之匠资,不足供一厅一堂之用矣④茅盾."在创作(子夜》之前就写下详细大纲列出人物表,,,,"男的女的,资本家工人各个人的性格、教养以及...发展等等,都拟好.第二步便是按故事一承一启的写下大纲,然后才开始写."⑤纵观(子夜)的结构,主要有三个方面的特色: 各条线索同时提出、交相发展的网状结构,是(子夜》在结构上的第一个特色.这种写法有三条好处:一是可以把主人公置身于各种矛盾的中心,使人物性格更加丰满,更加立体化;二是可以看出各个矛盾之间的相互联系和制约;三是更接近于生活的真实,因为在现实生活中,AllkindsofcontradictionsoccursimultaneouslyNotsolveone,appearanother.MaoDuniscommentingonTroelsIntheThainovel"warandpeace",thebooksaysthatthebookis"openbookfirst."ZhangborrowedateapartyandpointedoutthemaincharactersandeventsofthebookTheheadisslowlyunfolding,andthecharactersaremoreandmorenumerous6,(thesameistrueofmidnight".ThenovelistoooldtoWufledShanghai,dyingandWuFuatthefuneral.Thefirstchapterofthenovel,throughWuTaimaster,escapedfromthepeasantuprising Shanghaiwrotethecontradictionsbetweenpeasantsandlandlordsinthecountryside,WuSunfuandhissonThecontradictionbetweencapitalistsandlandlords,openingandblockingContradiction.ThesecondchapterbyWuSunfulavishfuneral,allthemaincharactersDepartmentofthedebut,avarietyofcontradictionsatthesametime,isa"bird'seyeviewofthewholeaudience."Graph".Throughthethunderousappearance,thethunderandWuWuconfessedYao'sromancepointsoutWuSunfu'sfamilycontradiction,whichisledbythunderSocialflowerXuManli,andthenledbyXuManlicompradorcapitalistsZhaoBotao,ItpointsoutthecontradictionbetweenWuSunfuandZhaoBotao.ViaZhouZhongwei,Agroupofnationalcapitalists,suchasZhuYinqiuandTangYunshan,weresentinthelivingroomofWuFuComplaining,explainingtheinternalcontradictionsofthenationalcapitalists,nationalcapitalistsandThecontradictionbetweentheworkers;furtherhighlightedby atelegramwithamoustacheDate:2000accepteda04a20Briefintroductiontotheauthor:SongNing(1982,1),female,ShandongCaoxian,LiaochengTeachersCollege,ChineseDepartmentstudents.SongNing:in2001thirdthetotalaffordablewoman'slightandheavymake-upThecontradictionbetweenfarmersandlandownersinruralareas;theMoplexusreportpointThereisacontradictionbetweenWuSunfuandtheworkers......AndWuSunfuisthereAtthecenterofallcontradictions.Insubsequentchapters,throughfactoryone,ThethreemaincluesoftheruralandpublicdebtmarketsinvolvethecontradictionsmentionedaboveAroundWuSunfu'sactivities,staggereddevelopment.ThecontentionbetweenWuandZhaoIsthemaincontradictionthroughoutthebook.WuTongzhao'sservantspellby5"Cooperation",JuneJulybattleofwits,fiercestrugglethroughoutthebattleThe.May"cooperation"isZhaoBotaoandShangZhongliplotted thefeudalremnants,WuSunfu,TuChuChaibait,andto"first"forthesweetnessasbait.Thecooperation,Wu,ZhaoJiechengbig"long"tobeatFengYunqing,LiFeiFei,HeShenanandsoonallkindsof"short"forthefinal.JuneAbattleofwits,greatvariation.Atthistime,theformationofWuandZhaofromthejointtotherightBarrier,rebellion,fightthesituation.WuSunfu,alongwithDu,WangHefuandsoonTheformationofYiZhongtrustcompany,astheantiZhaobasecamp,formedinordertoZhaoBoTaois"long"and"short"ofthecompanyforthecontestsbetween.severaltimesTheamountofthelosswas80thousandyuanand3smallsomersaultswerestopped.ThedecisivebattleinJulywasalifeanddeathstruggle.Atthistime,Yichangedtodo"bull",ZhaoBoTaowastransformedintoa"bear"".Thestruggleofthetwosidesareused. WuSunfuandevenhisownfactory,asamortgagebetsMansionGotofighttowinordie.Thisisatacrucialmomentoftheoccasion,alreadyfrom"YiGetout"inTuChuChaiFireWireanddefection,whileturningtoZhaoBotao,ThatledtoWuSunfu'scompletefailure.WhichembodiesthecharacterofWuSunfuResolutegoodbreakingisbehindthesuspicionofapprehension,behindtheconfidentissad.Theconceptofdespair,itisalwaysbehindthiscomplexinaflurryofalarm.ItcontainsaveryprofoundsocialcontentandrepresentstheChinesepeopleThedualnatureoftheclanbourgeoisie.AndWuSunfu'stragicfateispreciselysaidUndertheimperialistrule,Mingr:,China'snationalindustrywillneverbeobtainedThedeveloping,semifeudalandsemicolonialChinawillneverbeabletogo Capitalistroad.Itisnotonlyconnectedwithpolitics,butalsoledbyitAwarofwarlords."Spentmoneycanwinbattle,spendJmoney"Canalsoaskpeopletodefeat"details,thenuncoverthetruthofhistoryThemysteryofthewarlordbondmarketaroundthewarlords.WuZhaozhiargues,actuallyOntheR"Midnight"societyofallwalksoflife,peopleofallwalksoflife,Torevealthedeepsocialbaseofbasestate:economistLiYu.Thepavilionformoneycampaigning,financiersTuChuChaitucaizhutreachery.FengYunqingwasshockedbythelifeofallhismines."1stayyoung."ThewidowLiuYuyingpulledtwostrings,whichseemedtobethehighlightsoftheletter,Themainbodythatcondensesthemind,seemstobetransienttraveler,noneNottosoundsoundlivearoundtheepicconstruction.Thestructureistight,complete,frontandback,attentionto detaildescriptionSecondfeaturesofthestructureofthenight.MaoDuninthepostscriptofmidnightWrote:thisbookisconceivedinamind.Itdoesnotlooklike"Eclipse"likethat,Evansturbulent,lackofoverallplan,butfirstlistpeopleThetableliststherelationbetweenthecharactersandreleasestheoutlineofthestoryAfterthesubchapter,sothatthearticleslinkeachother.WiththestoryThedevelopment,thebookofmorethan100charactersorthefrontorsidetocomealiveOnthebroadhistoricalstage.FromthewealthylivingroomofthecapitaliststotheChinesefoolsThesecrethotelrooms,fromthechargeexchangetofightthesameplanThecompanyagainstcompany;whetheritis"thatthesea"isasighIsthelandlordcigarettesbetweenYinmildewsmell;bothyoungmenandwomen Inatalkwitheloquenceorworkersandeverythingisinseries;Accordingtothestandardsofbeauty,wecreateaseriesofrulesindisharmony.Forexample:atthebeginningofthenovel,thedescriptionofWumansion,thethreestoreyoceanReal,largelivingroom,livingroom,musicradio,electricfan,piano,footmanThewaiter,servant,doctor......Grandinstyle.WuSunfulostAfterthedefeat,wrotetheWuMansion:"theskycoveredwithdarkclouds,shieldingrstarsandmonths."Liang,WuMansionGardeneerily,thewindblowstheleaves,soundsverysadCool."ThevoicesofWuSunfuandotherswererollinginthehouse,outsidethehallWhentheyfaceisfullofpanic.ThewholeWumansionisfullofspookyfearsTerror.Thismomentumandthesituationatthattime,WuSunfu'spersonalfeelingsareIsveryconsistent,butontheothersideoftheshowWuSunfucharacter Ahotside.Evenminordetailsarefoundthroughoutthereplacementoftheplot,Takecareofthefrontandbacktoformoverlappingandrepeatedprints.Forexample:theoldMr.Wu(thebookofrewardsandpunishments.",thisishisamulet,twenty-fiveyearsInaddition,"bookofrewardsandpunishments."hedidnotreadanybooks.AtthebeginningofShanghai,oldMr.Wuhadjustdisembarked,sittinginthecar,"sharpcry: