1.(一队队暗红色的人在高粱棵子里穿梭拉网,)几十年如一日overdecadesthatseembutamomentintime.[注:此处“几十年如一日”应该是强调行为的习惯性或持久性,而不是感叹时间的短暂性。]....fordecadesonend.2.王文义欢欢喜喜地跺着脚,......WangWenyistompeddownjoyfully,......[此处“欢欢喜喜”应该理解为:王文义在听到“向右转”的口令后脚步乱了套,那动作就像人们在高兴时跺脚一样,而不是真的欢喜。似乎可译为...stampedhisfeetasifjoyfully。]WangWenyistompedhisfeetasifingreatjoy.3.风流悲喜剧sexualcomedies[注:1、此处“风流”应该不是指“sexual”方面,因为紧接着后面一句明确指这方面,作者没有必要重复表达同一个意思;似乎此处“风流”译为“unconventional”更合情理;2、“悲喜剧”用“comedies”显然不全面,应该包括“tragediesandcomedies”]loveaffairs4.父亲在墨河水里玩过水,他的水性好像是天生的。FatherhadgoneswimmingsooftenintheBlackWaterRiverthatheseemedborntoit.[此处“sooften......that......”似乎与原文意思不符。“玩过水”不意味着“sooften”,而且,既然是天生的水性,也就不需要经过经常的练习。]FatherseemedanaturalswimmerandhehadeverswumintheBlackWaterRiver.5.秋风起,天气凉,一群群大雁往南飞,一会儿排成个“十”字,一会儿排成个“人”字。(p5)Autumnwindsbroughtcoolair,wildgeeseflewthroughtheskyheadingsouth,theirformationchangingfromastraightlineoneminutetoaVthenext.(astraightline表示“十”字欠准确,似乎莫若直接用符号“十”表示,这样也与后面的符号“V”相呼应,更易被读者理解。)Autumnwindsbroughtcoolair,wildgeeseheadedsouth,queuingas"十"or"人"inthesky.6.(我奶奶)她老人家不仅是抗日英雄,也是个性解放的先驱,妇女自立的典范。译文理解为“性解放”,所以译成”sexualliberation”,误解了原文的意思“个性解放(individual/personalityliberation/emancipation)”。Individualemancipation76
.平原北边的白马山上,那块白色的马状巨石,在我们村头上看得清清楚楚。(p12)FromourvillagewehadaclearviewofWhiteHorseMountain,anenormousrockformationonthenorthernedgeoftheplain.[此处翻译理解错误,将“白马山”与“白色的马状巨石”视为同位语。事实上,那块白色的马状巨石应该是矗立在白马山上的,是它的一个部分,二者不能等同。]Fromtheendofourvillage,wehadaclearviewofthathugewhitehorse-likerock,ontheWhiteHorseMountainofthenorthernplain.8.抬头见白马,低头见黑土,汗滴禾下土,心中好痛苦。……thatsoakeduptheirsweatandfilledtheirheartwithcontentment.[此处错将“痛苦”译为“contentment(满足/满意)”]Uptoseewhitehorse,downtoseeblackearth,withsweattosoakthefield,withpaintofilluptheheart.9.日本人说来就来。TheJapanesesaidtheywouldcome,andtheywereasgoodastheirwords.[此处翻译有误!“说来就来”表示日本人真的来了,或者来得很快。至于是否日本人事先说过要来,不知道也没有必要知道,所以不必译出。]TheJapanesedidcome,allinasudden.10.大爷看到他握藤条的焦黄手指在紧急地扭动。UncleArhatstaredatthewhipinhistwitchingyellowedfingers.[译文改变了原文的句子结构:原文中“看到”的宾语是“手指在扭动”,译文中“staredat”的宾语是“whip”。]UncleArhatsawhisyellowedfingersholdingthewhiptwistinguneasily.11.稀稀疏疏的农人Anoccasionalpeasant(译文有误,应该不止一人)Asparsegroupofpeasants12.一时间鸦雀无声。Crowsandsparrowssuddenlysilenced.(此处照字面直译,不对。汉语“鸦雀无声”是一个成语,意思是周围静悄悄的,一点儿声音都没有。并非指乌鸦和麻雀都安静了。)Silenceatthemoment.13.孙五说:“大哥......大哥......你忍着点吧”罗汉大爷把一口痰吐到孙五脸上。“剥吧,操你祖宗,剥吧!”SunFivespoketohim:“Elderbrother...elderbrother...trytobearitalittlelonger...”UncleArhatspatagobofbloodyphlegmintoSun’sface.“Startskinning,”shoutedtheinterpreter.“Fuckyourancestors!Skinhim,Isaid!”(此句译文显然对原作理解错误。说话的应该是罗汉大爷而不是翻译官。)6
SunWusaid:"Bigbro,bigbro,holdon,holdon,please"UncleArhatspatintoSun'sfaceandsaid:"Comeon,yourancestors'fucker,peelme".14.它(花轿)像具棺材,不知装过了多少个必定成为死尸的新娘。Likeacoffin,ithadalreadyembracedcountlessotherbrides,nowlongdead.(“必定成为死尸的”译为“nowlongdead”欠妥。原文侧重悲叹花轿中的新娘的命运,而译文陈述事实,然而“nowlongdead”不一定符合事实,也许还有一些曾经坐过这花轿的新娘还活在世上。).....alltobebodies.15.(这些年轻力壮的男子,)为别人抬去洞房里的牺牲,(心里一定不是滋味,所以他们要折腾新娘。)Thesacrificesthesestrongyoungmenmadetocarrytheircargointobridalchambersmusthaveembitteredthem,whichwaswhyitseemedsonaturaltotormentthebrides.(为别人抬去洞房里的牺牲,译文有误。此“牺牲”指的是“坐在花轿里的新娘”,而不是指“轿夫们抬花轿所作出的牺牲Thesacrificesthesestrongyoungmenmadetocarrytheircargointobridalchambers”。同样,后文中“轿里牺牲的哽咽”译为“sacrificialchokingsounds”也宜改为“bride’s...”)Thesestrongyoungmenmusthavefeltbitterinheartforthesacrificestheycarriedintothebridalchambers.That'swhytheytormentedthebrides.16.亲哥哟你死了----可就塌了妹妹的天哟----Dearelderbrotheryo----deathhasclaimedyou----youhavedroughtdownlittlesister’sskyyo----(原文“亲哥”应该是指“她丈夫”,“妹妹”指“她本人”,所以不宜译为“elderbrother”和“littlesister’s”,而直接译为“dearhusband”和“my”可能更妥当,不易被误解。)DearBro,yourdeathtoremywholeworlddown!17.“爷们儿,饶命吧!”“Spareme,gentlemen!”(这是劫匪对余占鳌说的话,“爷们儿”就是指余占鳌,译为gentlemen不妥,况且这称呼不符合当事人的身份。)"Lord,Ibegyourmercy!"18.余占鳌的头皮被冲刷得光洁明媚,像奶奶眼中的一颗圆月。YuZhan’ao’sheadsocleanandshinyitlookedtoGrandmalikeanewmoon.(“圆月”译为newmoon,是常识性错误。“圆月”即“满月”,出现在农历的每月十五或十六,而“新月”6
出现在农历每月初一,月亮以黑暗的一面对着地球并与太阳同升同没,人们无法看到它。)YuZhan-Ao'sheadsocleanandshinythatitlookedlikeafullmoontoGrandma.19.村头那棵郁郁青青已逾百年的白果树...Thegloomy,fadedgingkotreeattheentrance...(“郁郁青青”是形容香气馥郁、青葱繁茂的样子,不能译为gloomy,faded,似可译为luxuriantlygreen或greenandfresh等等。)20.(玲子)她忽然蹲下身,双手紧紧地捂住裤腰,尖声哭起来。(She)thenfelltoherknees,wrappedherarmstightlyaroundGrandma’swaist,andbegantocryhysterically.(译者误读原作之处在于,“双手紧紧地捂住裤腰”是玲子捂住她自己的裤腰,而不是我奶奶的裤腰。这从下文的解释中也可以得出结论,因为玲子是被余大牙糟蹋而致精神失常的,所以她看到人便慌忙捂住自己的裤腰。)(She)thenbentdownsuddenly,holdingherwaisttightly,andstartedtocryshriekingly.21.(余司令与任副官个各体提着冒烟的手枪,四目对视。)任副官点点头,说:“是大英雄自风流!”……”Hedidhimselfproud!”(这话显然是任副官对余司令说的,意思是赞扬余司令大义灭亲之举。但译文”Hedidhimselfproud!”则让读者感到任副官是在赞扬余大牙,因为译文中用的是第三人称代词”he”。)"Youdidyourselfproud!"22.(任副官)在昂首阔步,走出了大英雄八面威风之后三个月,………walksoproudlyawayfrom…heroicgathering…….(“走出了”译为walkawayfrom与原文意思不符,原文中“走出了大英雄八面威风”意思是他的昂首阔步表现出了大英雄的气概和八面威风的气势。)Walkedproudlyandheroically......23.(河堤上安静,)落尘有声。…,butdustswirlednoisily.(理解错误。“落尘有声”是为了衬托“安静”的程度,即:如此安静以至于能听到落尘的声音。但译者错将它译成转折关系了。)Eventhefallingdustcouldbeheard.24.哑巴们化石般的面孔从父亲身边擦过。…thestonyfaceofMutespedby.(“哑巴们”指themuteandtheothers,译者用“themute”不准确;“化石般的”译为stony也欠妥。)25.那个男人生着一个扁扁的长头,下眼睑烂得通红。6
Thebottompartofhisflat,elongatedfacewasredandfestering.(“下眼睑”翻译有误,译文thebottompartofhisflat,elongatedface意思是“他扁扁的长脸下边”,与原文不符。)Themanhadaflat,elongatedface,hislowereyelidredandfestering.26.(余司令:)谁开枪?小舅子,谁开的枪?Whofiredhisweapon?Who’stheprickwhodidit?(小舅子,prick[阴茎]----方言,但原文此处“小舅子”应该是对周围人群的称呼,而不是指开枪者。所以,译文有误。)Whofiredhisweapon?Prick,whodidit?27.(余司令:)小鳖羔子,你想干什么?Whatthehelldoyouthinkyouaredoing,youlittleturtleegg?(方言,直译似乎不妥,想必西方人大多数看不出littleturtleegg是贬义词,相反,会觉得可爱;而原文“小鳖羔子”是个贬义的称呼,似乎可译为littlebastard。)28.(任副官说:)看你这个样!看你劈腿拉胯,好像骡马撒尿,揍你都揍不上个劲。Whatthehellkindofwayisthattostand?Yourlegsarespreadlikeamuletakingapiss.I’dbeatsomedisciplineintoyouifIcould.(最后一句“揍你都揍不上个劲”译为I’dbeatsomedisciplineintoyouifIcould.欠妥。译文的意思是:如果可以的话,我要揍你、惩罚你。与原文意思不符。)Lookatyou!Standlikeapissingmule.Ievendon'tfeellikebeatingyou.29.其它一些宜斟酌的词汇翻译,如:黄红相间的neitheryellownorred/yellowandred五彩泡沫brazenly(厚颜无耻?)colorfulbubbles从头至尾一根刺withtaperedends(taper是“锥形物”的意思)走狗runningdogs草莽英雄greenwoodhero…话就多了…growexpansive老长工foreman碰得血肉模糊Leftadeepgash(裂口)缓缓地亮起来lickout(舔?)伸着舌头itstonguelolling(懒洋洋地站/坐/躺;无所事事)握着烙铁claspabrandingiron(branding有“烙印”的意思,但“烙铁”似乎没有brandingiron的译法。)好半晌amoment局促地briefly鬼火般ghostlylight6
秃尾scrawnytail(scrawny皮包骨的/骨瘦如柴的)(锨柄在骡头上)斜立指着天...buriedinthemule’sheadpointedtoheavenatajauntyangle(jaunty快活的/洋洋得意,用词欠妥)吹鼓手funeralmusician(用词欠妥:吹鼓手不仅出现在funeral也出现在wedding等喜庆场合。)(高粱)秆芯sorghumwick蹑手蹑脚地走shuffle(拖着脚走/慢吞吞地走/蒙混/混乱)嘴咧到了腮上grimace(做鬼脸/扮怪相)拍了拍头patsb.ontheshoulder懵懵懂懂坐起来wakeupbleary-eyed血肉模糊的battered竖起了头Raiseone’sarms酱色的头皮pastyscalp哭声震野wailpiteously银锁silvernecklace撅着粪筐子dungbasketinhand(方言,斜跨的意思。译文不够贴切)在众多的花中,(一眼看中我奶奶。)(HespottedGrandma)amongtheotherlocalflowers.罩头的红布(把她的双眼挡住)aredcurtain嫁衣weddingtrousseau(奶奶)鲜嫩茂盛,水分充足herfairskinwasdamp沾满蚜虫分泌物的(高粱叶子)thewormy,sappy(leaves)八字步Vimprints踩街tramples(?此处能否音译?)不是好汉unseemly双手卡腰keepone’shandsonthehips二十啷当岁abeefytwenty-year-old(结实的/健壮的)哭丧weeping残缺的(杏黄色阳光)screamingfragmentsof(apricot-yellowsunlight)(?)打得啪啪响beataloudtattoo姗姗移动着脚步ambleunsteadily穿蟒袍wearfineclothes偷偷看他drinkinthesight深深的墓穴yawninggrave滚到河床上rollintothewater(脸)弄得残缺不全turn…intoadementedmask这个家就由你当了Thehomeisyourresponsibility.耕云播雨plowthecloudsandscatterrain架起来tieup6