山居秋暝62
近体诗知识④有严格的声律要求。第二、四、六、八句押韵(首句可押可不押),通常押平声韵,一韵到底。每句中用字平仄相间,上下句中的平仄相对,有“仄起”与“平起”两式3.绝句每首定格为四句,以五言、七言为主,简称五绝、七绝,偶有六言绝句。韵律与律诗相同,只是不一定对仗。返回
王维(701—761),字摩诘,蒲州(今山西永济)人。开元九年(721)进士。累官至尚书右丞,世称王右丞。晚年闲居蓝田辋川。诗与孟浩然齐名,称为“王孟”。前期写过一些边塞诗,但其作品最主要的是山水田园诗,通过田园山水的描绘,宣扬隐士生活;体物精细,状写传神,有独特成就。苏轼曾赞:“味摩诘诗,诗中有画,画中有诗。”著有《王右丞集》。
山居秋暝空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。明月松间照,清泉石上流。竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。随意春芳歇,王孙自可留。
山居秋暝朗诵把握情景把握意境把握
空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。明月松间照,清泉石上流。竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。随意春芳歇,王孙自可留。把握节奏诗歌朗诵
初秋的傍晚,山雨初霁,万物一新,树木繁茂,空气清新,高山寂静,宛若世外桃源。空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。情景动画
暮色苍茫,皎洁的明月升上了天空,银色的月光透过松树的虬枝翠叶,星星点点地洒落下来。清清的泉水淙淙地流泻于山石之上,在月光辉映之下,宛若一条洁白的绸布闪闪发光、随风飘荡,这是多么幽美的意境啊!明月松间照,清泉石上流。
竹林里传来一阵银铃般的笑声,那是一群勤劳淳朴的山村姑娘刚洗完衣服,披着月光笑盈盈地归来了,也许她们正为什么开心的事儿在竹林里嬉戏追逐着,笑闹声传出翠竹林外。密密的荷叶纷纷倒向两旁,莲花摇动,水波荡漾,原来是顺流而下的渔舟正轻盈地穿过荷花丛,弄乱的荷塘月色,划破了大山的宁静。竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。
空山雨后的秋凉,松间明月的清光,石上清泉的声音,浣衣村女的笑声,渔舟穿过荷丛的动态,和谐完美地融合在一起,有声有色,有景有人,有静有动,构成了清新秀丽的乡村生活图景。画面总合
何谓“意境”?这里的“意”,是作者的主观感受(情);“境”是指客观世界(景),两者融为一体便成为意境。因此,意境是诗人借助于多种艺术手法而创造出来的情景交融、虚实相生、物我同感的一种美好的艺术境界,是诗情和画意的完美统一。意境
王维的山水诗有个很突出的特点,用热闹的字面不是写出热闹的境界而是写出幽静的境界,即是"寓静于动"或"动中显静"。同样是水飞、云起、鸟啼、花发,在别的诗人笔下,也许只能是热闹的铺排,而在王维的笔下却恰好就是幽静的意趣。
飒飒秋雨中,浅浅石榴泻。跳波自相渐,白鹭惊复下。(《栾家濑》)木末芙蓉花,山中发红萼;涧户寂无人,纷纷开且落。(《辛夷坞》)人闲桂花落,夜静春山空。月出惊山鸟,时鸣春涧中。(《鸟鸣涧》)这一类小诗,画面上充满了动态,有些还是十分热闹,然而意境还是异常幽静的。这些在纸上看来又吵又闹的家伙,完全没有破坏作者所企图创造的意境,反而是构成这意境的主力。你能说不是有点奇怪吗?
这首《山居秋暝》,通过对于秋色的描写,说明山中仍然是一片美丽和平的恬静,从而作出人们可以继续在山中隐居的结论。开头两句,容易明白,不用多说。这里要着重谈的是中间那四句。《山居秋暝》空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。明月松间照,清泉石上流。竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。随意春芳歇,王孙自可留。
写秋,写出一片哀颓萧杀庭风吹故叶,阶露净寒莎。雍陶听雨寒更尽,开门落叶深花酣莲报谢,叶在柳呈疏僧无可司空曙
可是王维在这里却把"空山"的秋暝写的如此热闹:"明月松间照,清泉石上流。"上一句是所见,下一句是所闻。"竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。"上一句是所闻,下一句是所见。错落地把当时的景色、人物勾画得如此幽美,如此绚丽。
看起来,这里洋溢着一片热闹;可是,这些明月、清泉、浣女、渔舟的热闹,和作者所要表现的幽静基调并不抵触,反而是相反相成地紧密地结合在一起。正如"蝉噪林逾静,鸟鸣山更幽"这两句脍炙人口的诗句,写出事物的动态不是为了破坏这个幽静的境界,而是为了烘托它。
人们从这些喧闹的景物中,很自然地体味出一种和平恬静,体味出恬静中的一片活泼生机,因而它给人的感觉,就不是枯寂阴森,荒凉可怕。它和那些写幽静就必然是寂寞凄清的寒瘦诗人有着截然不同的风格。
南宋诗人翁卷(字灵舒)"背日山梅瘦,随潮海鸭寒。平途迷望阔,峻岭疾行难。""岚蒸空寺坏,雪压小庵清。果落群猴拾,林昏独虎行。"他使用瘦、寒、迷、难、空、昏、坏、独等类字样,才显得幽静,未免把幽静看得过分死板了。
在诗的结末里,诗人用"随意春芳歇,王孙自可留"来点明自己愿意留在山中的意思。翻成现代汉语就是说,春夏两季的许多花花草草,如今都已经衰谢了。由他去吧(所谓"随意")!山中的隐士(所谓"王孙",是泛指,也包括作者在内)完全能够欣赏这些迷人的秋景,用不着楚山去的。收束了全诗,并点出作者作诗的用意。返回
谢谢
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