苏辙《六国论》阅读训练题及答案-(附翻译)

Áù¹úÂÛ£¨Ñ¡×ÔËΡ¤ËÕÕÞ¡¶èï³Ç¼¯¡·£©¡¾ÔÎÄ¡¿³¢¶ÁÁù¹úÊÀ¼Ò¢Ù£¬ÇÔ¹ÖÌìÏÂÖ®ÖîºîÒÔÎ屶֮µØ£¬Ê®±¶Ö®ÖÚ£¬·¢·ßÎ÷Ïò£¬ÒÔ¹¥É½Î÷ǧÀïÖ®ÇØ¢Ú£¬¶ø²»ÃâÓÚÃðÍö¡£³£ÎªÖ®Éî˼ԶÂÇ£¬ÒÔΪ±ØÓпÉÒÔ×Ô°²Ö®¼Æ¡£¸Çδ³¢²»¾ÌÆ䵱ʱ֮ʿ£¬ÂÇ»¼Ö®Ê裬¶ø¼ûÀû֮dz£¬ÇÒ²»ÖªÌìÏÂÖ®ÊÆÒ²¡£¡¾×¢ÊÍ¡¿¢ÙÁù¹úÊÀ¼Ò£ºÖ¸¡¶Ê·¼Ç¡·Öеġ¶ÑàÕÙ¹«ÊÀ¼Ò¡·¡¢¡¶³þÊÀ¼Ò¡·¡¢¡¶ÕÔÊÀ¼Ò¡·¡¢¡¶ÎºÊÀ¼Ò¡·¡¢¡¶º«ÊÀ¼Ò¡·ºÍ¡¶Ìï¾´ÖÙÍêÊÀ¼Ò¡·£¬ÕâÁù¾íÊÀ¼Ò·Ö±ð¼ÇÊöÁËÕ½¹úʱÆÚµÄÑà¡¢³þ¡¢ÕÔ¡¢Îº¡¢º«ºÍÆëµÈÁù¹úµÄÊ·Ê¡£¢Ú¹¥É½Î÷ǧÀïÖ®ÇØ£º¹«ÔªÇ°318Ä꣬º«¡¢ÕÔ¡¢Îº¡¢Æë¡¢ÑàµÈÎå¹úÁªºÏ¹¥ÇØ£¬·´±»ÇعúÕ½°Ü¡£´Ëºó£¬ÇعúÖðÒ»ÃðÍö¶«·½¸÷¹ú£¬ÖÁ¹«ÔªÇ°221ÄêÍê³Éͳһ´óÒµ¡£É½Î÷£ºÖ¸áÅɽÒÔÎ÷¡£¡¾ÒëÎÄ¡¿ÎÒÔø¾ÔĶÁ¡¶Ê·¼Ç¡·µÄÁù¹úÊÀ¼Ò£¬Ë½ÏÂÀï¸Ðµ½Ææ¹ÖµÄÊÇ£¬ÌìϵÄÖîºî¹úƾ½èÎ屶ÓÚÇعúµÄÍÁµØºÍÊ®±¶ÓÚÇعúµÄÈË¿Ú£¬È«Á¦ÏòÎ÷¹¥´òáÅɽÒÔÎ÷·½Ô²Ç§ÀïµÄÇعú£¬È´Ãâ²»Á˱»ÃðÍöµÄÃüÔË¡£ÎÒ³£³£ÎªÕâЩÖîºîÉî˼ԶÂÇ£¬ÈÏΪһ¶¨»áÓпÉÒÔ±£È«×ÔÎҵIJßÂÔ¡£Òò¶øδ³¢²»Ôð¹Öµ±Ê±Áù¹úµÄÄÇЩı³¼£¬ËûÃǶÔÓÚ»ö»¼µÄ¿¼ÂÇÌ«´ÖÊ裬ıÇóÀûÒæµÄÑÛ¹âÌ«¶ÌdzÁË£¬¶øÇÒ²»Á˽âÕû¸öÌìϵÄÐÎÊÆ°¡£¡¡¾ÔÎÄ¡¿·òÇØÖ®ËùÓëÖîºîÕùÌìÏÂÕߣ¬²»ÔÚÆë¡¢³þ¡¢Ñà¡¢ÕÔÒ²£¬¶øÔÚº«¡¢ÎºÖ®½¼¢Ù£»ÖîºîÖ®ËùÓëÇØÕùÌìÏÂÕߣ¬²»ÔÚÆë¡¢³þ¡¢Ñà¡¢ÕÔÒ²£¬¶øÔÚº«¡¢ÎºÖ®Ò°¡£ÇØÖ®Óк«¡¢Îº£¬Æ©ÈçÈËÖ®Óи¹ÐÄÖ®¼²Ò²¡£º«¡¢ÎºÈûÇØÖ®³å£¬¶ø±Îɽ¶«Ö®Öîºî£¬¹Ê·òÌìÏÂÖ®ËùÖØÕߣ¬ÄªÈ纫¡¢ÎºÒ²¡£¡¾×¢ÊÍ¡¿¢Ù½¼£ºÓëÏÂÎĵġ°Ò°¡±»¥ÎÄ£¬Ö¸¹úÍÁ¡£¹ÅÎÄÖУ¬½«³É¶ÔµÄͬÒå´ÊÔÚÏà½üµÄ¾äʽÖзֿªÊ¹ÓÃÒÔ±ÜÃâÖظ´£¬³Æ×÷»¥ÎÄ¡£Áí£ºÖÜÖÆ£¬¾à¶¼³ÇÎåÊ®ÀïΪ½ü½¼£¬°ÙÀïΪԶ½¼£¬ºóÒÔ¡°½¼¡±·ºÖ¸³ÇÍ⣬ҰÍâ¡£¡¾ÒëÎÄ¡¿ÇعúÒªºÍÖîºîÕù¸÷¹ú¶áÌìϵij¡µØ£¬²¢²»ÔÚÆë¡¢³þ¡¢Ñà¡¢ÕԵȹú£¬¶øÊÇÔÚº«¡¢ÎºµÄ¾³ÄÚ£»ÖîºîÒªºÍÇعúÕù¶áÌìϵij¡µØ£¬Ò²²»ÔÚÆë¡¢³þ¡¢Ñà¡¢ÕԵȵØÇø£¬¶øÊÇÔÚº«¡¢ÎºµÄÇøÓò¡£¶ÔÇعúÀ´Ëµ£¬º«¡¢ÎºµÄ´æÔÚ£¬¾ÍºÃ±ÈÒ»¸öÈËÔÚÐĸ¹¼ä»¼²¡Ò»Ñù¡££»º«¡¢ÎºÁ½¹ú×è°ÁËÇعú³öÈëµÄÒªµÀ£¬´Ó¶øÑÚ»¤ÁËáÅɽÒÔ¶«µÄÖîºî¸÷¹ú£¬ËùÒÔ¶ÔÌìϸ÷¹úÀ´Ëµ£¬Ã»ÓбȺ«¡¢ÎºÁ½¹ú¸üÖØÒªµÄÁË¡£¡¾ÔÎÄ¡¿ÎôÕß·¶öÂÓÃÓÚÇضøÊÕº«¢Ù£¬ÉÌ÷±ÓÃÓÚÇضøÊÕκ¢Ú¡£ÕÑÍõδµÃº«¡¢ÎºÖ®ÐÄ£¬¶ø³ö±øÒÔ¹¥ÆëÖ®¸Õ¡¢ÊÙ¢Û£¬¶ø·¶öÂÒÔΪÓÇ£¬È»ÔòÇØÖ®Ëù¼ÉÕ߿ɼûÒÓ£¡ÇØÖ®ÓñøÓÚÑà¡¢ÕÔ£¬ÇØ֮ΣÊÂÒ²¡£Ô½º«¹ý꣬¶ø¹¥ÈËÖ®¹ú¶¼£¬Ñà¡¢ÕÔ¾ÜÖ®ÓÚÇ°£¬¶øº«¡¢Îº³ËÖ®Óں󣬴ËΣµÀÒ²¡£¶øÇØÖ®¹¥Ñà¡¢ÕÔ£¬Î´³¢Óк«¡¢ÎºÖ®ÓÇ£¬Ôòº«¡¢ÎºÖ®¸½ÇعÊÒ²¡£·òº«¡¢Îº£¬ÖîºîÖ®ÕÏ£¬¶øʹÇØÈ˵óöÈëÓÚÆä¼ä£¬´ËÆñÖªÌìÏÂÖ®ÊÆÒ®£¿Î¯ÇøÇøÖ®º«¡¢Îº£¬ÒÔµ±»¢ÀÇÖ®ÇØ£¬±Ë°²µÃ²»ÕۢܶøÈëÓÚÇØÔÕ£¿º«¡¢ÎºÕÛ¶øÈëÓÚÇØ£¬È»ºóÇØÈ˵ÃͨÆä±øÓÚ¶«Öîºî£¬¶øʹÌìϱéÊÜÆä»ö¡£¡¾×¢ÊÍ¡¿¢Ù·¶ö£¨j¨±£©£ºÕ½¹úʱÆÚκ¹úÈË£¬Í¶±¼ÇعúºóÊܵ½ÖØÓã¬Ìá³öÔ¶½»½ü¹¥µÄ²ßÂÔ£¬½¨ÒéÇØÕÑÍõÏÖÊÕ·þº«¹ú£¬ÔÙ½ø¶øÍ̲¢ÆäËû¸÷¹ú¡£Ëû±»ÇØÕÑÍõÈÎΪÏ࣬·âΪӦºî¡£¢ÚÉÌ÷±£ºÕ½¹úʱÆÚÎÀ¹úÈË£¬ÐÕ¹«ËÃû÷±£¬Í¶±¼ÇعúºóÊܵ½ÖØÓ㬸¨×ôÇØТ¹«±ä·¨£¬Òò¹¦·âΪÉ̾ý£¬¹Ê³ÆÉÌ÷±¡£ËûÔø¶à´Î²ß»®½ø¹¥Îº¹ú¡£¢Û¸Õ£ºÆëµØÃû£¬ÔÚ½ñɽ¶«Ê¡ÙðÖÝÏؾ³¡£ÊÙ£ºÆëµØÃû£¬ÔÚ½ñɽ¶«Ê¡¶«Æ½Ïؾ³¡£³ö±øÒÔ¹¥ÆëÖ®¸Õ¡¢ÊÙ£ºÇعúµÄÏà¹úÔø½¨ÒéÇØÕÑÍõÔ½¹ýº«¡¢Îº¹ú¾³È¥¹¥Æë¹ú£¬±»·¶öÂÈ°Ö¹¡£¢ÜÕÛ£ºÇü·þ¡£¡¾ÒëÎÄ¡¿´ÓÇ°·¶ö±»ÇعúÖØÓã¬Ëû¾Í½¨ÒéÀ£º«¹ú£¬ÉÌ÷±±»ÇعúÖØÓã¬Ëû¾Í½¨ÒéÀ£κ¹ú¡£ÇØÕÑÍõÔÚ»¹Ã»»ñµÃº«¡¢ÎºµÄ¹é·þʱ£¬¾ÍÒª³ö±øÈ¥¹¥´òÆë¹úµÄ¸Õ¡¢ÊÙÁ½µØ£¬·¶ö¾ÍΪ´Ëµ£ÓǶø¼ÓÒÔÈ°×è¡£¼ÈÈ»ÕâÑù£¬ÄÇôÇعúËù¹Ë¼ÉµÄ£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¿´µÃ³öÀ´ÁË¡£ÇعúÒª¶ÔÑà¡¢ÕÔÁ½¹ú¶¯ÓñøÁ¦£¬Õâ¶ÔÇعúÊÇΣÏÕµÄÊÂÇ飻Խ¹ýº«¡¢ÎºÁ½¹úÈ¥¹¥´òËûÈ˵Ĺú¶¼£¬Ç°ÃæÓÐÑà¡¢ÕԵĵֿ¹£¬ºóÃæÓк«¡¢Îº³Ë»ú½ø¹¥£¬ÕâÊÇΣÏյĵÀ·°¡¡£¿ÉÊÇ£¬µ±ÇعúÈ¥¹¥´òÑà¡¢ÕÔÁ½¹úʱ£¬È´²»ÔøÓжԺ«¡¢ÎºµÄ¹ËÂÇ£¬ÄÇÊǺ«¡¢Îº¹é¸½ÁËÇعúµÄÔµ¹Ê°¡¡£º«¡¢ÎºÊÇÖîºî¸÷¹úµÄÆÁÕÏ£¬È´ÈÃÇعúÈËÄܹ»ÔÚËûÃǵĹú¾³ÄÚ½ø³ö×ÔÈ磬ÕâÄѵÀËãµÃÉÏÊÇÁ˽âÌìϵÄÐÎÊÆÂ𣿷ÅÆúССµÄº«¡¢ÎºÁ½¹ú£¬ÈÃËûÃÇÈ¥µÖµ²Ïñ»¢ÀÇÒ»°ãÇ¿´óµÄÇعú£¬ËûÃÇÔõÄܲ»Çü·þÓÚÇعúÄØ£¿º«¡¢ÎºÇü·þÓÚÇعúºó£¬ÇعúÈ˾ͿÉÒÔ¶Ô¶«·½¸÷Öîºî¹úÓñø£¬´Ó¶øʹȫÌìÏÂÖîºîÆÕ±éÊܵ½ÇعúµÄ»öº¦¡£¡¾ÔÎÄ¡¿ ·òº«¡¢Îº²»ÄܶÀµ±ÇØ£¬¶øÌìÏÂÖ®Öîºî½åÖ®ÒÔ±ÎÆäÎ÷£¬¹ÊĪÈçºñº«Ç×κÒÔ±÷ÇØ£¬ÇØÈ˲»¸ÒÓ⺫¡¢ÎºÒÔ¿úÆë¡¢³þ¡¢Ñà¡¢ÕÔÖ®¹ú£¬¶øÆë¡¢³þ¡¢Ñà¡¢ÕÔÖ®¹úÒòµÃÒÔ×ÔÍêÓÚÆä¼äÒÓ¡£ÒÔËÄ·½ÎÞÊÂÖ®¹ú£¬×ôµ±¿ÜÖ®º«¡¢Îº£¬Ê¹º«¡¢ÎºÎÞ¶«¹ËÖ®ÓÇ£¬¶øΪÌìϳöÉíÒÔµ±Çرø£»ÒÔ¶þ¹úίÇØ£¬¶øËĹúÐÝÏ¢ÓÚÄÚÒÔÒõÖúÆä¼±¡£Èô´Ë¿ÉÒÔÓ¦·òÎÞÇ±ËÇØÕß½«ºÎΪÔÕ£¿²»Öª³ö´Ë¶øÄËÌ°½®Ûü¢Ù³ß´çÖ®Àû£¬±³ÃË°ÜÔ¼£¬ÒÔ×ÔÏàÍÀÃð£¬Çرøδ³ö£¬¶øÌìÏÂÖîºîÒÑ×ÔÀ§ÒÓ¡£ÖÁÓÚÇØÈ˵ÃËÅÆä϶£¬ÒÔÈ¡Æä¹ú£¬¿É²»±¯ÔÕ£¡¡¾×¢ÊÍ¡¿¢ÙÛü£¨y£©£º±ß¾³¡£¡¾ÒëÎÄ¡¿º«¡¢ÎºÊDz»ÄܶÀ×ÔµÖµ²ÇعúµÄ£¬¿ÉÊÇÈ«ÌìϵÄÖîºîȴҪƾ½è×÷Ϊ¶ÔÎ÷·½µÄÆÁÕÏ£¬ËùÒԾͲ»ÈçÇ×½üº«¡¢ÎºÒÔ´ËÀ´¿¹¾ÜÇعú¡£ÇعúÈ˾Ͳ»¸ÒÔ½¹ýº«¡¢Îº£¬È¥êéêìÆë¡¢³þ¡¢Ñà¡¢ÕԵȹú£¬ÄÇôÆë¡¢³þ¡¢Ñà¡¢ÕԵȹú¾ÍÄܹ»Æ¾ÕâÑùµÄ¾ÖÃ汣ȫ×ÔÉíÁË¡£Æ¾×ÅËĸöûÓÐսʵĹú¼Ò£¬È¥Ö§³ÖÃæ¶ÔµÐ¿ÜµÄº«¹úºÍκ¹ú£¬Ê¹º«¹úºÍκ¹úûÓÐÀ´×Ô¶«·½µÄÓÇÂÇ£¬´Ó¶øÌæÈ«ÌìÏÂͦÉí¶ø³öÀ´µÖµ²Çعú¾ü¶Ó¡£Óú«¡¢ÎºÁ½¹ú¶Ô¸¶Çعú£¬ÆäÓàËĹúÔÚºó·½ÐÝÉúÑøÏ¢£¬ÒԱ㰵ÖаïÖúÇ°·½Á½¹ú½â³ýΣ¼±£¬ÏñÕâÑù¾Í¿ÉÒÔÓ¦¸¶Ò»ÇÐʱ䣬ÄÇÇعú»¹ÄÜÔõôÑùÄØ£¿ÖîºîÃDz»ÖªµÀÏë³öÕâÑùµÄ²ßÂÔ£¬È´Ö»Ì°Í¼±ß¾³ÉÏЩ΢ÍÁµØµÄÀûÒ棬Υ±³ÃËÊÄ¡¢»ÙÆúÔ¼¶¨£¬À´»¥Ïà²Ðɱ£¬ÇعúµÄ¾ü¶Ó»¹Ã»³ö¶¯£¬ÌìϵÄÖîºî¸÷¹ú¾ÍÒѾÀ§¶òÁË¡£ÖÂʹÇعúÈËÄܹ»³ÃÐé¶øÈ룬¹¥È¡ÕâЩ¹ú¼Ò£¬½á¹ûÄܲ»ÁîÈ˱¯°§Â𣡡¾ÔĶÁѵÁ·¡¿1.½âÊÍÏÂÁмӵãµÄ´Ê¡££¨1£©ÇÔ¹ÖÌìÏÂÖ®Öîºî£¨2£©ÎôÕß·¶öÂÓÃÓÚÇضøÊÕº«£¨3£©Ôòº«¡¢ÎºÖ®¸½ÇعÊÒ²£¨4£©¹ÊĪÈçºñº«Ç×κÒÔ±÷ÇØ2.ÏÂÁÐÓë¡°º«¡¢ÎºÈûÇØÖ®³å£¬¶ø±Îɽ¶«Ö®Öîºî¡±¾äÖеġ°±Î¡®ÒâÒåÏàͬµÄÒ»ÏîÊÇ£¨£©A£®Ïî²®Òà°Î½£ÆðÎ裬³£ÒÔÉíÒí±ÎÅ湫B£®É½¾þ¸ß¶ø±ÎÈÕC£®ÒÔΪÉñ£¬±ÎÁÖ¼ä¿úÖ®D£®Óɴ˹ÛÖ®£¬ÍõÖ®±ÎÉõÒÓ3.ÏÂÁÐÓë¡°¶øÆë¡¢³þ¡¢Ñà¡¢ÕÔ֮Χ£¬ÒòµÃÒÔ×ÔÍêÓÚÆä¼äÒÓ¡±¾äÖеġ°ÍꡱÓ÷¨ÏàͬµÄÒ»ÏîÊÇ£¨£©A£®³Ç²»È룬³¼ÇëÍêèµ¹éÕÔB£®·¢·ßÎ÷ÏòC£®¹Ê·òÌìÏÂËùÖØÕßD£®ËØÉÆÁôºîÕÅÁ¼4.ÓÃÏÖ´úººÓï·ÒëÏÂÁоä×Ó¡££¨1£©³£ÎªÖ®Éî˼ԶÂÇ£¬ÒÔΪ±ØÓпÉÒÔ×Ô°²Ö®¼Æ¡££¨2£©Çرøδ³ö£¬¶øÌìÏÂÖîºîÒÑ×ÔÀ§ÒÓ5.ÔĶÁÈ«Îĺó»Ø´ðÒÔÏÂÁ½¸öÎÊÌâ¡££¨1£©±¾ÎÄ×÷ÕßÈÏΪÁù¹úÃðÍöµÄÔÒòÊÇʲô£¿£¨2£©×÷ÕßÌá³öµÄÖ÷ÕÅÊÇʲô£¿¡¾²Î¿¼´ð°¸¡¿1.£¨1£©Ô𱸣¬Ôð¹Ö£¨°´£ºÕâÊÇ¡¶´óÈü¡·µÄ´ð°¸¡£¶ø¡¶¹ÅÎĹÛÖ¹¡·µÈ¾ù½âÊÍΪ¡°Ææ¹Ö¡±¡££©£¨2£©ÁýÂ磬À££¨3£©Ôµ¹Ê£¬ÔÒò£¨4£©±÷Æú£¬Åųâ2.A£¨Ìâ¸ÉºÍA£ºÑÚ»¤£»B.ÕÚס£»C.Òþ±Î£¬¶ã²Ø£»D.ÊÜÃɱΣ©3.CD£¨Ìâ¸É£º±£È«£¬ÐÎ×÷¶¯£»A.ʹÍêÕû£¬ÐÎÈݴʵÄʹ¶¯Ó÷¨£»B.·½Î»Ãû´Ê×÷×´ÓC.¿´ÖØ£¬ÖØÊÓ£¬ÐÎ×÷¶¯´Ê£»D.Óë¡¡ÓÑÉÆ£¬ÐÎ×÷¶¯£©4£®£¨1£©ÎÒ³£³£ÎªÕâЩÖîºîÉî˼ԶÂÇ£¬ÈÏΪһ¶¨»áÓпÉÒÔ±£È«×ÔÎҵIJßÂÔ¡££¨2£©ÇعúµÄ¾ü¶Ó»¹Ã»³ö¶¯£¬ÌìϵÄÖîºî¸÷¹ú¾ÍÒѾÀ§¶òÁË¡£5£®£¨1£©Áù¹ú֮ʿÂÇ»¼Ê裬¼ûÀûdz£¬²»ÄÜ¿´ÇåÌìÏÂÐÎÊƶø±³ÃË°ÜÔ¼£¬×ÔÏà²Ðɱ£¬ÖÂʹÇعúµÃÒÔ¸÷¸ö»÷ÆƶøÃðÍö¡££¨2£©Æë¡¢³þ¡¢Ñà¡¢ÕÔËĹúӦȫÁ¦Ö§Ô®º«¡¢Îº£¬¹²Í¬¶Ô¿¹Çعú¡££¨1£©ÎÒ³£³£ÎªÕâЩÖîºîÉî˼ԶÂÇ£¬ÈÏΪһ¶¨»áÓпÉÒÔ±£È«×ÔÎҵIJßÂÔ¡£