第二部分 专题一 第3讲【真题达标组】A(2019浙江卷，B)Money_with_no_strings_attached.It'snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio－economic(社会经济的)backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject.“Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles，”Bridgessaid.“There'sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost.”Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays，”hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”( )1.Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inParagraph1mean?A．Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B．Moneynotlegallymade.C．Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D．Moneynottiedtogether.( )2.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?A．Womentendedtobemoresociable.B．Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.C．Economicproblemsweregettingworse.D．Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.( )3.WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?A．Todoatestonpeople'smorals.B．Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.
C．Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.D．Topromotekindnessandsympathy.【语篇解读】本文简单介绍了TylerBridges在洛杉矶发起的TheToolbox及其影响、意义。1．C 句义猜测题。nostringsattached指“无附加条件”；withoutconditions意为“无条件”，故选C。后文“GiveWhatYouCan”也可体现。2．B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio－economicbackgroundsgaveandtook”可知有各种人都参与到了这个项目中，甚至包含新娘。3．D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.”可知这个项目的主要目的是鼓励人们心存善意、伸出援手。B(2018全国卷Ⅲ，D)Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmore_is_morewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.Ifoundthepre－holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless－usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor)．Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball－simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.( )4.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inParagraph1Probablymean?A．Themore,thebetter.B．Enoughisenough.C．Moremoney,moreworries.D．Earnmoreandspendmore.( )5.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?A．Savingupforherholiday.B．Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.
C．Addingthemoneytoherfund.D．Givingthemoneytoasickmother.( )6.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?A．Totryoutanidea.B．Toshowaparent'slove.C．Totrainhisattention.D．Tohelphimstartahobby.( )7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TakeItorLeaveItB．ALessonFromKidsC．LiveMoreWithLessD．ThePleasureofGiving【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。4．A 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句“…IcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.”可以推断出，人们通常认为越多越好。故选A。5．C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)…”可知，当“我们”承诺给她把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时，她同意了卖玩具。故选C。6．A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.”表明，跟Shepherd玩球是为了测试自己的一种想法是否可行。故选A。7．C 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，作者想要教会孩子“howtolivemorewithless”，而接下来的第二、三段是作者的尝试，故C作标题适合。C(2018浙江卷，B)StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe'sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台)．Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,_plastic－bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers'argument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageontheground
today.Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic－baguseitcancelsout.However,longer－lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon'tdispute(质疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.( )8.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?A．Helpincreasegrocerysales.B．Recyclethewastematerial.C．Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D．Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.( )9.Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inParagraph2referto?A．Bansonplasticbags.B．Effectsofcitydevelopment.C．Headachescausedbygarbage.D．Plasticbagshungintrees.( )10.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic－bagmakers?A．Theyarequiteexpensive.B．Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C．Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.D．Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.( )11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Plastic,PaperorNeitherB．Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC．RecycleorThrowAwayD．GarbageCollectionandWasteControl【语篇解读】本文讨论塑料袋和可以回收的袋子相比是否污染更大。一些人认为可以回收的袋子虽然很容易回收，但需要更多的能量来生产和运输，从这个角度来说，哪一个更环保还不能轻易确定。8．D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“…plastic－bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.”可知，塑料袋制造商正在雇佣像斯坦这样的科学家，以证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样坏，所以他是被雇佣来争取解除塑料袋使用禁令的，因此答案是D。9．A 词义猜测题。根据第二段第三句“Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.”可知，在加利福尼亚的90个城市禁止使用塑料袋，包括洛杉矶，所以本句的headwinds应该表示“对塑料袋禁令”，所以答案是A。
10．D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Amongthebagmakers'arguments:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.”可知，在制袋商的争论中：许多城市仍然允许购物者购买纸袋，纸袋很容易回收，但需要更多的能量来生产和运输。所以答案是D。11．A 主旨大意题。根据整篇文章来看，主要是讨论塑料袋和可以回收的袋子哪一个更环保，所以题目应该选择A：Plastic,PaperorNeither。【模拟提能组】A(江西2020届高三年级暑假检测)WhatTheresaLoeisdoingprovesthatalargefarmisn'taprerequisiteforamoderngrow－your－ownlifestyle.Onamere1/10ofanacreinLosAngeles,Loeandherfamilygrow,can(装罐)andpreservemuchofthefoodtheyconsume.Loeisamasterfoodpreserver,gardenerandcanningexpert.Shealsooperatesawebsite,wheresheshareshertipsandrecipes,withthegoalofdemonstratingthateveryonehastheabilitytocontrolwhat'sontheirplate.Loeinitiallywenttoschooltobecomeanengineer,butshequicklylearnedthatherenthusiasmwasmainlyaboutgrowingandpreparingherownfood.“Gotintocookingmyownfoodandstartedgrowingmyownherbs(香草)andfoodsforthatfreshflavor，”shesaid.Engineerbyday,Loelearnedcookingatnightschool.Sheultimatelypurchasedasmallpieceoflandwithherhusbandandbegangrowingtheirownfoods.“Iteachpeoplehowtolivefarm－freshwithoutafarm，”Loesaid.ThroughherwebsiteLoeemphasizesthat“anybodycandothisanywhere.”Gotanapartmentwithabalcony(阳台)?Plantsomeherbs.Awindowperfectspotforgrowing.Startwithherbs,sherecommends,because“they'reveryforgiving.”Justalittleoftheherbs“cantakeyourregularcookingtoawholenewlevel，”sheadded.“Ithinkit'sagreatplacetostart.”“Thentrygrowingsomethingfromaseed，”shesaid,“likeatomatoorsometea.”Canningisanaturalextensionoftheplantingshedoes.Witheveryplantedfood,Loenoted,there'samomentwhenit'sburstingwithitsabsolutepeakflavor.“Itrytokeepitinatimecapsuleinacanningjar，”Loesaid.“Canningformeisaboutknowingwhat'sinyourfood,knowingwhereitcomesfrom.”Inadditiontobeingmoreintouchwiththefoodshe'seating,anotherjoycomesfrompassingthisknowledgeandthisdesireforgoodfoodtoherchildren:“Influencingthemandtellingthemyouropiniononnotonlybeingcarefulwhatweeatbutunderstandingthe_bigger_picture，”shesaid,“thatifwedon'ttakecareoftheearth,noonewill.”( )1.Theunderlinedword“prerequisite”(Para.1)isclosestinmeaningto“_______”．A．recipeB．substituteC．requirementD．challenge( )2.WhydoesLoesuggeststartingwithherbs?
A．Theyareuseddaily.B．Theyareeasytogrow.C．TheycangrowverytallD．Theycanbeeatenuncooked.( )3.AccordingtoLoe,whatisthebenefitofcanningherplantedfoods?A．Itcanpreservetheirbestflavor.B．Itcanpromoteheronlinesales.C．Itcanbetterhercookingskills.D．Itcanimprovetheirnutrition.( )4.Whatisthe“thebiggerpicture”(Para.6)thatLoewishesherchildrentounderstand?A．Theknowledgeaboutgoodfood.B．Thewaytoliveagrow－our－ownlife.C．Thejoyofgettingintouchwithfoods.D．Theresponsibilitytoprotectourearth.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Loe是“自己种植”现代生活方式的实践者，她热衷于自己种植香草和味道新鲜的食物，并将食物装入密封罐中保持以保持最佳的风味，更想通过自己的举动影响孩子们，让他们意识到保护地球的责任。1．C 词义猜测题。根据首段第二句“Onamere1/10ofanacre…andpreservemuchofthefoodtheyconsume.”可知面积并不是硬要求。该句句意为：Loe在那里所做的一切证明，一个大农场对“自己种植”现代生活方式来说并不是一个硬要求。故选C项。2．B 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Startwithherbs…Justalittleoftheherbs…”可知，香草很容易生长。故选B项。3．A 细节理解题。根据第五段中“there'samomentwhenit'sburstingwithitsabsolutepeakflavor.‘Itrytokeepitinatimecapsuleinacanningjar’”可知，将种植的事物装入密封罐中保存的好处是能够保持最佳的风味。故选A项。4．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中尾句“thatifwedon'ttakecareoftheearth,noonewill”可知，“thebiggerpicture”指的是保护地球的责任。故选D项。B(长春市普通高中2019年高三质量监测二)Sleeprepairsthebodyandthemindandhelpspreventdiseasebystrengtheningtheimmunesystem.However,manyadultsdonotgeteighthoursofsleepeachnight.Theaverageadulttodaygetsonly6.4hoursofsleep.Onlyinrecentyearshavehealthprofessionalsbeguntorealizetheseriousnessofsleepdeprivationintheworkingpopulation.Asignificantnumberofpeopleworkatnight,worklonghours,orsufferfromsleeplessnessorjetlag(时差反应)．Studiesshowthatthebrainisnegativelyaffectedbysleepdeprivationbecausecertainpatternsofelectricalandchemicalactivitythatoccurduringsleepareinterruptedandthebraincannotfunctionnormally.Inonestudy,thirteenhealthyadultsubjectswhousuallyhadnormalsleeppatternswerekeptawakeandcarefullymonitoredinalabduringaperiodof35
hours.Duringtheexperiment,thesubjectswereaskedtoperformseveraltasks,suchasmathematicsandwordproblems,whileundergoingscansoftheirbrainactivity.Theresearchersfoundthatthetemporallobe(颞叶)ofthebrain,theregioninvolvedinlanguageprocessing,wasactiveduringspeechtasksinrestedsubjectsbutnotinsubjectswholackedenoughsleep.Afterseveralhourswithoutsleep,therewasnoactivitywithinthisregion.Severalstudiesshowthatgettingfewerthansixhoursofsleepcandamageshort－termmemoryandreactiontime—thuscausingaseriousriskofaccident.Inonestudyofdrivers,researchersreportedthatsleepdeprivationhadthesameeffectsasbeingdrunk.Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodroveafterbeingawakefor17hoursperformedworsethanthosewithabloodalcohol(血醇)levelof0.5percent,thelegallimitfordrunkdrivinginmostwesternEuropeancountries.Theresearchersconcludedthatcountrieswithdrunkdrivinglawsshouldconsidersimilarrestrictionsagainstsleep－depriveddriving.( )5.Theunderlinedword“deprivation”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto“______”．A．weaknessB．lossC．discomfortD．pain( )6.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingascausesofsleepdeprivationEXCEPT______.A．jetlagB．longworkhoursC．boringworkD．workingatnight( )7.ThepurposeofthestudydescribedinParagraph2wastodetermine________.A．howmanyhourspeoplecansurvivewithoutsleepB．howpeoplereactwhentheirsleepisinterruptedC．thechangesinbrainactivitythatoccurduringsleepD．theeffectsofsleepdeprivationonbrainactivity( )8.WhydoestheauthormentionbloodalcohollevelinParagraph3?A．Toshowhowsleepdeprivationreducesthebloodalcohollevel.B．Toshowthatsleepdeprivationhasthesamedangerouseffectsasbeingdrunk.C．Tosuggestthatsleep－depriveddriversarealsolikelytodrink.D．Toargueagainstraisingthelegallimitfordrunkdriving.【语篇解读】本文介绍缺少睡眠给人带来的影响。研究表明睡眠剥夺对大脑活动产生不利的影响，它和醉酒有同样的危险作用。5．B 词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Onlyinrecentyearshavehealthprofessionalsbeguntorealizetheseriousnessofsleepdeprivationintheworkingpopulation.”及本句关键词seriousness可知，是缺少睡眠的后果。划线词意为“缺少，损失”，故选B。6．C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Asignificantnumberofpeopleworkatnight,
worklonghours,orsufferfromsleeplessnessorjetlag.”可知，句中提到A、B、D，故选C。7．D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Studiesshowthatthebrainisnegativelyaffectedbysleepdeprivationbecausecertainpatternsofelectricalandchemicalactivitythatoccurduringsleepareinterruptedandthebraincannotfunctionnormally.”可知，研究目的是确定睡眠剥夺对大脑活动的影响。故选D。8．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Severalstudiesshowthatgettingfewerthansixhoursofsleepcandamageshort－termmemoryandreactiontime—thuscausingaseriousriskofaccident.Inonestudyofdrivers,researchersreportedthatsleepdeprivationhadthesameeffectsasbeingdrunk.”可知，作者提到血醇水平是为了表明睡眠剥夺和醉酒有同样的危险作用。故选B。C(江西2019高三冲刺压轴试卷)Moststudents,whenaskedabouttheiridealgraduationgift,wouldprobablyreply,“acar”，or“moneyforadepositonahouse”．CaiKaiyuan,21,madeadifferentchoice.Asagraduationgifttohimself,hedecidedtoworkasavolunteerteacherinaremotevillageinTibet.Cai,astudentatHunanRailwayProfessionalTechnologyCollege,atfirstplannedtocyclefromSichuantoTibet.Itturnedoutcyclingonaplateau(高原)wasextremelychallenging.Andithaskeptchanginghisopiniononlife.Cai'shandsevenbecamepainfulwhilecyclingupa5008－meter－highmountain,wheretemperaturesoftendroppedto18belowzero.Atnight,theicecoveredtheroadandhefelloffhisbikethreetimes.Littleoxygenmadehimfeeldizzyandweak.“Atthemostseriousmoment,Ifeltthatwason_the_line，”saidCai.However,healsogainedsomethingunexpected.AtYa'an,acityinSichuan,hemetagroupoftouristswhoarealsouniversitystudents.AgirlcalledWuLingtoldhimthatsheplannedtoworkasateacherinaprimaryschoolinTibetafterherjourney.Hewasimpressedbytheideaasshelookedweak.Itwasnotuntilhereachedafamily－runhotelinShigatsethatCai'sspiritsbegantorise.Thehotelmanager'stwodaughtersenjoyedtalkingwithhim.Thekidsaskedabouthisexperiencesonhistrip,andshowedhimthebeautifullocallakes.“Theytoldmethattheyalwayslikedtotalktoguests,astheywantedtoimprovetheirMandarin，”hesaid,“TheirparentsandmanylocalscanonlyspeakTibetan.”Caiwasmovedbythegirls'story.TheirsituationisworseandthelocalpeoplehavelittlechancetolearnMandarinbecausetheschoolsareshortofteachers.“Iwanttodosomethingtoimprovethesituationforkidslikethem，”saidCai.Hisparentsfinallygavetheiragreementandhisteachersalsosupportedhim.( )9.WhatisCaiKaiyuan'sgraduationgift?A．CyclingfromSichuantoTibet.B．Receivingmoneyforahouse.C．BeingavolunteerteacherinaTibetanschool.
D．Owninganewcarandtravellingaround.( )10.WhatisCaiKaiyuan'sjourneytoTibetlike?A．Specialandcomfortable.B．Dangerousbutmeaningful.C．Relaxingbutunexpected.D．Freezingcoldandboring.( )11.Theunderlinedphrase“ontheline”inthesecondparagraphmeans“________”．A．inahurryB．atriskC．makingaphonecallD．surfingtheInternet( )12.Thepurposeofwritingthispassageisto________.A．tellusaboutanunusualgraduationgiftB．introduceadangerousjourneytousC．giveadviceonhowtotraveltoTibetD．encourageustobeateacherinTibet【语篇解读】这篇文章的主要目的是告诉读者大学毕业生CaiKaiyuan的一份不寻常的毕业礼物：他的毕业礼物是到西藏的学校做志愿者老师。文章还介绍了他为什么会做出这样的决定。9．C 细节理解题。从文章第一段的句子“Asagraduationgifttohimself,hedecidedtoworkasavolunteerteacherinadistantvillageinTibet.”可知，CaiKaiyuan的毕业礼物是到西藏的学校做志愿者老师，故选C。10．B 细节理解题。从文章第二段的句子“Itturnedoutcyclingonaplateauwasquitedifficullt.”和第三段的句子“However,healsogainedsomethingunexpected.”可知，CaiKaiyuan的西藏之行是有挑战的，但是也是有回报的，故选B。11．B 词义猜测题。从第二段的句子“Atnight,theicecoveredtheroadandhefelloffhisbikethreetimes.Littleoxygenmadehimfeeldizzyandweak.”可知，ontheline是“有危险的”意思，故选B。12．A 写作意图题。从文章第一段的句子“Moststudents,whenaskedabouttheiridealgraduationgift,wouldprobablyreply,‘acar’，or‘moneyforahouse’．CaiKaiyuan,21,madeadifferentchoice.”可知，这篇文章的主要目的是告诉读者一份不寻常的毕业礼物，故选A。D(2019年四川乐山高三3月“一调”，C)Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas“Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea”．Beforethenineteenthcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfar
between(不多)．CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,buthewasunwillingtogotoseatofurtherhiswork.Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlaybeneaththesurface.Thefirsttimethatthequestion“Whatisatthebottomoftheoceans？”hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcable(电缆)fromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineershadtoknowthedepthprofile(起伏形状)oftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemade.ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings(测深)weretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbook—ThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition,whichlastedforfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive－volumereport,thelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.( )13.Thepassageimpliesthatthetelegraphcablewasbuiltmainly________.A．foroceanographicstudiesB．formilitarypurposesC．forbusinessconsiderationsD．forinvestigatingthedepthsoftheoceans( )14.TheaimofvoyagesMauryencouragedinthe1840swas________.A．tomakesomesoundexperimentsintheoceansB．tocollectsamplesofseaplantsandanimalsC．toestimatethelengthofcablethatwastobemadeD．tomeasurethedepthsofthetwooceans( )15.Theunderlinedword“defied”inthe4thparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．doubtedB．challengedC．gaveprooftoD．agreedto( )16.Thethemeofthispassageisabout“________”．A．thebeginningsofoceanography
B．thelayingofthefirstunderseacableC．theinvestigationofoceandepthsD．theearlyintercontinentalcommunications【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普类短文，主要介绍了海洋学的发展历程。13．C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Thefirsttimethatthequestion…answeredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcable(电缆)fromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.”可知，当时铺设电报电缆主要出于商业目的。故选C项。14．D 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings(测深)weretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.”可知，大西洋电报公司向美国海军求助的目的是调查和测量北大西洋和太平洋的深度。故选D项。15．B 词义猜测题。联系上下文可知，当人们把电缆从海底取出来修理时，发现电缆上覆盖有活着的植物，而当时的科学观念认为，在海洋更深处没有生命存在，可知这个事实与当时的科学观念正好相反，故选B项。16．A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了海洋学的定义和早期发展。故选A项。
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