专题突破第二部分第一板块 阅读
【考纲摘录】阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在高考试题中占权重较大。该部分要求考生能读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：1．理解主旨要义；2．理解文中具体信息；3．根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；4．根据所读内容做出判断和推理；5．理解文章的基本结构；6．理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
考试形式：该部分由一、二两节组成，主要考查考生阅读、理解书面英语的能力。第一节：共15小题，每小题2分。要求考生根据所提供的4篇短文内容(不少于900词)，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。
专题一 阅读理解
【考点分析】全国卷3年考点分布表年份卷别内容201920182017卷Ⅰ卷Ⅱ卷Ⅲ卷Ⅰ卷Ⅱ卷Ⅲ卷Ⅰ卷Ⅱ卷Ⅲ语篇文体概况A.应用文；B.记叙文；C/D.说明文A.应用文；B.记叙文；C．议论文；D.说明文A.应用文；B.议论文；C/D.说明文A.应用文；B.说明文；C．议论文D.说明文A.应用文；B.说明文；C．说明文D.议论文A.应用文；B.说明文；C．新闻报道D.夹叙夹议文A.应用文；B.记叙文；C/D.说明文A.应用文；B.记叙文；C/D.说明文A.应用文；B.记叙文；C/D.说明文
年份卷别内容201920182017卷Ⅰ卷Ⅱ卷Ⅲ卷Ⅰ卷Ⅱ卷Ⅲ卷Ⅰ卷Ⅱ卷Ⅲ细节理解题8688610544推理判断题354252556主旨大意题221222122词义猜测题121111221结构/意图/态度/来源题1/121/222
【结论】高考英语阅读理解试题的命题思路充分体现了在稳中求发展，在发展中求创新的理念，从体裁方面看，以应用文、说明文为主，以议论文、记叙文为辅。从题目设置的方面来看，以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，兼顾词义猜测题、主旨大意题和其他。
【展望2020】1．预计2020年的阅读理解文章难度会保持稳定，在设题上仍然会有一定的深度，仍将以细节理解题、推理判断题为主；2．在语言、词汇、选材、立意等方面可能会有新突破、新亮点，继续体现选拔功能；3．考生要熟悉各类体裁的行文特征，培养语篇意识，加大阅读量，扩大词汇量和知识面，练习时，既要把握好解题速度，也要提高准确率。
第1讲 细节理解题
栏目导航02高考例析03追踪练习04课后作业01考点突破
01考点突破
(2019全国卷Ⅰ，A)NeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.02高考例析
JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合条件)forthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15－18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社区)．SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands－onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15－29,returningtoschoolinthefall.
StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible：Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities(机会)ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.
()1.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A．Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B．Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C．Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D．Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.()2.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A．15－18.B．15－24.C．15－29.D．16－17.
()3.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A．JobsforYouth.B．SummerCompany.C．StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.D．SummerEmploymentOpportunities.
【语篇解读】本文简单介绍了四个暑假实习项目。1．B细节理解题。对SummerCompany的阐述只有两句话，考点在第一句话里，答案出在后半句中“runtheirownsummerbusinesses”。2．D细节理解题。可以直接快速阅读，找到StewardshipYouthRangerProgram里关于年龄的要求，原文内容是“aged16or17attimeofhire，butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear”。3．D细节理解题。审题抓住关键词“thedisabled”，然后在文章中找到跟“残疾人”相关的核心词汇，即在文章的最后一句话中有“personswithadisability”。
(2019全国卷Ⅱ，A)MyFavouriteBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco－authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.MatildaRoaldDahlIoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulworlds.Matilda'sbattleswithhercruelparentsandthebossyheadmistress，MissTrunchbull，areequallyfunnyandfrightening，butthey'realsoaspirational.
AfterDarkHarukiMurakamiIt'sabouttwosisters—Eri，amodelwhoeitherwon'torcan'tstopsleeping，andMari,ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister.Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse“nightpeople”whoarehidingsecrets.GoneGirlGillianFlynnTherewasabitofmethatdidn'twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdid,butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.There'stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It'sarealwhodunitandthefrustrationwhenyourealisewhat'sgoingonishorriblyenjoyable.
TheStandStephenKingThisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersaround.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworld'spopulation,abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoseleft.RandallFlaggisoneofthescariestcharactersever.()1.Whodoes“I”refertointhetext?A．StephenKing.B．GillianFlynn.C．JoUsmar.D．RoaldDahl.()2.WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?A．Cosmopolitan.B．Matilda.C．AfterDark.D．TheStand.
()3.WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?A．Afolktale.B．Abiography.C．Alovestory.D．Ahorrorstory.【语篇解读】本文介绍了作家JoUsmar最喜欢的四本书。
【思路点拨】1．C细节理解题。由第一句“JoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco－authoroftheThisBookWillseriesoflifestylebooks.”可知，文章中的“I”指的是“JoUsmar”，故选C。2．C细节理解题。由第三段“It'sabouttwosisters—Eri，amodelwhoeitherwon'torcan'tstopsleeping，andMari，ayoungstudent.”可知选C。3．D细节理解题。由文章第四段“butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant”可知该书为恐怖故事，故选D。
(2018全国卷Ⅰ，A)Washington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration：3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld－famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D．C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear!
WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration：3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.
CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration：3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.
WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration：3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyourbikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.
()1.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A．CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.B．WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C．CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington，D.C.D．WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.()2.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A．Meetfamouspeople.B．Gotoanationalpark.C．Visitwell－knownmuseums.D．Enjoyinterestingstories.
()3.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A．Citymaps.B．Cameras.C．Meals.D．Safetylights.【语篇解读】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了骑自行车到华盛顿特区旅游的四种路线的相关行程及注意事项。
【思路点拨】1．A细节理解题。根据文章CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D．C.中的“Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability”可知，这个骑行项目需要提前预约。故选A。2．D细节理解题。根据文章CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D．C.中的“KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.”可知，在这个活动中，你可以享受有趣的故事。故选D。3．D细节理解题。根据文章WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour中的“Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.”可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。故选D。
【温馨提示】本篇文章最容易出错的题是第1题，究其原因是不熟悉词汇reserve的词义：预约。inadvance意为“提前”。因此，高考前熟悉词汇和短语是重中之重的事情。“Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear！”指在有效期和樱花消失前预约。
03追踪练习(2019全国卷Ⅲ，A)OPENINGSANDPREVIEWSAnimalsOutofPaperYolo！ProductionsandtheGreatGriffonpresenttheplaybyRajivJoseph，inwhichanorigami(折纸术)artistinvitesateenagetalentandhisteacherintoherstudio.MerriMilwedirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.12.(WestParkPresbyterianChurch,165W．86thSt.212－868－4444.)
TheAudienceHelenMirrenstarsintheplaybyPeterMorgan，aboutQueenElizabethⅡoftheUKandherprivatemeetingswithtwelvePrimeMinistersinthecourseofsixtyyears.StephenDaldrydirects.AlsostarringDylanBakerandJudithIvey.PreviewsbeginFeb.14.(Schoenfeld,236W．45thSt.212－239－6200.)HamiltonLin－ManuelMirandawrotethismusicalaboutAlexanderHamilton，inwhichthebirthofAmericaispresentedasanimmigrantstory.ThomasKaildirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.17.(Public,425LafayetteSt.212－967－7555.)
OntheTwentiethCenturyKristinChenowethandPeterGallagherstarinthemusicalcomedybyBettyComdenandAdolphGreen，aboutaBroadwayproducerwhotriestowinamoviestar'sloveduringacross－countrytrainjourney.ScottEllisdirects，forRoundaboutTheatreCompany.PreviewsbeginFeb.12.(AmericanAirlinesTheatre,227W·42ndSt.212－719－1300.)
()1.WhatistheplaybyRajivJosephprobablyabout?A．Atypeofart.B．Ateenager'sstudio.C．Agreatteacher.D．Agroupofanimals.()2.WhoisthedirectorofTheAudience?A．HelenMirren.B．PeterMorgan.C．DylanBaker.D．StephenDaldry.()3.WhichplaywillyougotoifyouareinterestedinAmericanhistory?A．AnimalsOutofPaper.B．TheAudience.C．Hamilton.D．OntheTwentiethCentury.
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，介绍了两部戏剧、两部音乐剧的内容、导演、演出时间和演出地点。1．A细节理解题。根据关键词RajivJoseph从AnimalsOutofPaper中第二句可知，本剧主要介绍折纸术，是一门艺术，因此选A。2．D细节理解题。根据关键词director从TheAudience中找到“StephenDaldrydirects”，故选D。3．C细节理解题。根据文中“AlexanderHamilton，inwhichthebirthofAmericaispresentedasanimmigrantstory.”可知Hamilton是关于美国历史的，与题目相符。
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