必修第一册Unit5Intothewild过关测试（考试时间：60分钟试卷满分：100分）第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAsaneducatorandhealthcareprovider,IhaveworkedwithnumerouschildreninfectedwiththevirusthatcausesAIDS.TherelationshipsthatIhavehadwiththesespecialkidshavebeengiftsinmylife.Theyhavetaughtmesomanythings,butIhaveespeciallylearnedthatgreatcouragecanbefoundinthesmallestofpackages.LetmetellyouaboutTyler.TylerwasborninfectedwithHIV:hismotherwasalsoinfected.Fromtheverybeginningofhislife,hewasdependentonmedicationstoenablehimtosurvive.Whenhewasfive,hehadatubeinserted(插入)inaveininhischest.Thistubewasconnectedtoapump,whichhecarriedinasmallbackpackonhisback.Medicationswerelinkedtothispumpandwerecontinuouslysuppliedthroughthistubetohisbloodstream.Attimes,healsoneededsupplemented(补充的)oxygentosupporthisbreathing.Tylerwasn’twillingtogiveuponesinglemomentofhischildhoodtothisdeadlydisease.Itwasnotunusualtofindhimplayingandracingaroundhisbackyard,wearinghismedicine-ladenbackpackanddragginghistankofoxygenbehindhiminhislittlewagon.AllofuswhoknewTylerwereamazedathispurejoyinbeingaliveandtheenergyitgavehim.Tyler’smomoftenteasedhimbytellinghimthathemovedsofastthatsheneededtodresshiminred.Thatway,whenshepeeredthroughthewindowtocheckonhimplayingintheyard,shecouldquicklyspothim.ThisdreadeddiseaseeventuallyworedowneventhelikesofalittledynamolikeTyler.Hegrewquiteilland,unfortunately,sodidhisHIV-infectedmother.Whenitbecameapparentthathewasn’tgoingtosurvive,Tyler’smomtalkedtohimaboutdeath.ShecomfortedhimbytellingTylerthatshewasdyingtoo,andthatshewouldbewithhimsooninheaven.Afewdaysbeforehisdeath,Tylercalledmeovertohishospitalbedandwhispered,“Imightdiesoon.I’mnotscared.WhenIdie,pleasedressmeinred.Mompromisedshe’scomingtoheaven,too.I’llbeplayingwhenshegetsthere,andIwanttomakesureshecanfindme.”1．Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatTyleris_________.A．courageousandoptimisticB．confidentandenergeticC．enthusiasticandadventurousD．ambitiousandpassionate2．Tylerhadtowearhisbackpackbecause________.A．itcontainedhisfavouritetoysfromhismotherB．itprovidedoxygentosupporthisbreathing
C．ithadthepumpsupplyingmedicationstohisbloodstreamD．itmadehimselfrecognizedbyhismotherinthecrowd3．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．GiftsinmylifeB．DressmeinredC．NevergiveupD．LivewithHIVBResearchershavediscoveredanewbacteriumthatfeedsonpolyurethane,akindofplasticthatisdifficulttorecycleordestroy.Scientistssaythediscoverycouldhelpreduceafloodofhard—to—recycleplasticsthatareendingupintheworld'slandfills（垃圾填埋地）andpollutingoceans.AteamfromtheHelmholtzCenterforEnvironmentalResearchinLeipzig,Germany,foundthenewtypeofsoilbacteria.Itwasspottedinanareathatcontainedalargeamountofplasticwaste.Theteamdiscoveredthebacteriawerefeedingonpolyurethanediol,whichwaswidelyusedinmanydifferentproducts.Oneproblemisthatrecyclingpolyurethanerequiresalotofenergy.Theplasticmaterialdoesnotmeltwhenheated.Mostpolyurethane-basedproductsendupinlandfills,wheretheycanreleasedangerouschemicals.Theteamroundthatthebacteriumcanproduceenzymes（酶）thateatawaypolyurethane.Thiswouldmakeitpossibletobreakdownthematerialintheenvironment.TheresultswererecentlyreportedinastudyinthepublicationFrontiersinMicrobiology.HermannHeipieperhelpedwritethereport.Hesaidinastatementthefinding“representsanimportantstepinbeingabletoreusepolyurethaneproducts.”Germanstudynotedthatplastic-eatingbacteriacouldbeeasilycontrolledandproducedforindustrialuse.Theresearcherssaidthenextstepistofindmoreinformationaboutthebacterialenzymesthatcanbreakdownpolyurethane.ScientistDouglasRaderwroteabouttheissueina2018articlefortheEnvironmentalDefenseFund.Hesaidmuchmorestudyshouldbecarriedouttolearnaboutthecomplexrelationshipsbetweenbacteriaandmarineecosystems.“Suchresearchisneededbeforewecantakeactionsuchasputtingplastic-eatingbacteriaintotheocean,”Raderwrote.4．Whatistheproblemaboutpolyurethane?A．Itseemsdifficulttotransportwhenitgoestolandfills.B．Itaffectsthequalityofplasticproductsifwidelyused.C．Itmeltseasilywhenexposedtothesunforalongtime.D．Itpollutestheenvironmentunlessrecycledordestroyed.5．Whatdoweknowaboutthenewtypeofbacteriafromthetext?A．Itcanproduceharmfulchemicals.B．Itcangraduallydestroypolyurethane.C．Itisveryhardtodiscoverandcontrol.D．Itisverylikelytoincreaseplasticwaste.6．WhatisDouglasRader'sattitudetowardsthefutureuseofthenewbacterium?A．Doubtful.B．Disapproval.
C．Cautious.D．Enthusiastic.7．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Plastic-eatingBacteriaB．PlasticWaste—ABigProblemC．PlasticandOceanD．Polyurethane—ABacteriakillerCWhenourScottishpuppyreacheddoggieadolescence,shesuddenlystoppedobeyingmycommands.Previously,ifIcalled“come,”Anniewouldflyacrossouryardtomyarms.Now,the8-month-oldgavemeanaggressive“makeme”lookandrantheotherway.Ourdogtraineradvisedustostopcomplaining.“She'sateenager,”shesaid.Now,anewstudyisbackingthatup:Dogs,itsays,experienceanoversensitiveperiodjustlikehumanteenagers.“Thereisabundantfolkknowledgethatthebehaviorofadolescentsdiffersfromyoungerorolderdogs,”saysBarbaraSmuts.Puppiesbondwithhumansmuchaschildrendo.“Butownersoftenfeellikethey'refailingwhentheirpuppiesreachadolescence,”about8monthsformostdogs,saysLucyAsher.Liketeenagers,adolescentdogscandisregardanddisobeytheirowners.Indeed,teenagedogsarethemostlikelyagegrouptolandinU.S.shelters.Toseeexactlyhowadolescencechangesdogbehavior,Asherandherteammonitored70femaledogsbeingraisedaspotentialguidedogs.Theyaskedcaregiverstoscorethepuppiesonseparation-relatedbehaviors,liketremblingwhenleftbehind.Dogswithhighscoresonthisbehaviorenteredadolescenceearlier-atabout5months,comparedwith8monthsforthosewithlowerscores.Variousfactorscausehumanteenagegirlswithpoorparentalrelationshipstoalsoenteradolescenceatayoungerage.Thus,similartohumans,dogsthathavebadrelationshipswiththeircaregiversseechangesintheirdevelopment.AccordingtoSmuts,adolescentdogsthatwerestressedbyseparationfromtheircaregiveralsoincreasinglydisobeyedthatperson,showingtheinsecurityofhumanteenagers.Becauseofthesimilaritybetweenadolescentpupsandhumans,dogscanserveasamodelspeciesforstudyingadolescenceinhumans,thescientistssay.Thetemporarynatureofdogswhichdisobeytheownersmaymakeusworrylesswhenourpupssuddenlygetmindsoftheirown.8．Theauthor'sattitudetowardshisdog'smisbehaviorcanbebestdescribedasA．tolerantB．delightedC．unsatisfiedD．indifferent9．Theunderlinedword“disregard”inparagraph3probablymeans?A．runafterB．paynoattentiontoC．barkatD．defendagainst10．Whatcanwelearnaboutadolescentdogsfromthepassage?A．ManyadolescentdogslikestayinginAmericanshelters.B．Adolescentdogswillneverfollowtheirowners'instructions.C．Adolescentdogsarefondofbeingseparatedfromtheircaregivers.D．Dogshavingpoorrelationwiththeircaregiversenteradolescenceearlier.11．What'sthemainideaofthepassage?
A．Bothyoungdogsandteenagersrelyontheirparents.B．Manyresearcheshaveshownyoungdogsareaggressive.C．Adolescentdogsfeelmoreanxiousandfrightenedthanteenagers.D．Likehumanteenagers,dogsgetdifficultwhentheyreachadolescence.DSeaurchins(海胆)aresmallcreatures,butwhat’sreallyremarkableaboutthemisthattheyeatanythingthathappenstofloatby.Theyhavereallysharpteeththeyusetoridrocksofalgae(海澡),whichmakesthemprettyvaluableespeciallyinplaceslikeHawaiiwherealgaearethreateningthecoralreefs.Inthesummerof2019,500,000ofthemwereusedtodealwiththealgae.Theproblemstartedwhennon-nativealgaewereintroducedtotheecosystemofKane’oheBayinthe1970s.Becausetheyhadnoenemies,theyendeduptakingoverthebay,accordingtotheNationalMarineFisheriesService(NMFS).Thealgaeblockedsunlightfromreachingthecoral,whichinturnaffectedthelocalfishbecausetheychangedthechemistryofthewater.That'swhentheNMFSturnedtoseaurchinsthatlovedtodevourthealgae.Buttheyhadtogrowtothesizeofacherrytomatobeforetheycouldbeused.Since2011,seaurchinshavebeengrownandusedtohandlethealgaeproblem.Someofthefundsareavailableduetoanunfortunateincident.In2005,ashipwasgroundedonashallowreefnearKane’oheBay.Whentheshipwasremoved,20acresofreefshavebeendamaged.Whenthereisenvironmentaldamage,theNMFSandotheragenciesreceivefundsfromthewrongdoersandthefundsareusedtorestorethedamage.Somefundswerespentonotherprojectsliketheseaurchins.Whentheyarelargeenough,diverscarefullyplacethemonthereef.Algaeisn’ttheonlythingthatthreatensthecoralreefs.Climatechangeandtheeffectsoffishingandtourismintheareaalsoendangerthecoralreefs.Butturningtoseaurchinsinsteadofman-madesolutionsseemslikethebestwaytogo.12．Whyareseaurchinsregardedasoutstandingcreatures?A．Theyaretinybuthaveteeth.B．Theycankeeptheoceanclean.C．Theyareusefulinremovingalgae.D．Theygrowoncoralreefswithalgae.13．Whathappenedafternon-nativealgaearrivedatKane’oheBay?A．Theyhelpedthecoralreefstosurvive.B．Theyspreadtoeverycornerofthebay.C．Theydidn’tfitinwiththenewsurroundings.D．Theyfoughtagainstotherspeciestogetfood.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devour”inparagraph3mean?A．Eat.B．Block.C．Tease.D．Attract.15．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoingtosavecoralreefs?A．Relyingonhumans’solutions.B．Banningfishingandtourism.C．Employingdiverstohandlealgae.D．Lettingnaturetakecareofnature.
阅读七选五 (2019·沈阳质检) 体裁：说明文 话题：人际沟通 难度：★★★☆☆Whoeverwrotethesong“It'stheMostWonderfulTimeoftheYear”musthaveneverexperiencedholidayblues.Fortunately,psychologicalresearchsuggestssomeeffectivewaysyoucanbeattheholidayblues.Thekeypointisthatsadnessandothertoughemotionsarenotwhatweshouldtrytoavoid.__1__.Herearefourstrategiestohelpyoumakeyourownhappinessrecipethisholidayseason.Don'tforcecheerAtfamilygatheringswithcousinsyousecretlycan'tstand,youtendtoputonahappyface.Indeed,thatmightevenseemlikethemostmatureresponse—nodrama,noconflict.Buta2011studyfolloweddozensofbusdrivers,lookingtoseewhentheygaveforcedorhonestsmilesattheirpassengers.Theresultsshowedwhenthedriverspretendedtohaveagoodmood,theiractualmoodsgotworse.__2__.LetoffsadnessTheresultsofthebusdriverstudycanbeexplainedbyresearchers,whofindthatnegativefeelingslikesadnessorangeronlyincreasewhenwetrytocontrolthem.__3__.Wedon'tlikecontradictorybehavior.RespondcautiouslyRecently,scientistshavebeenpayingspecialattentiontothebenefitsofcaution.Whenyourespondcautiouslytoanemotionaltrigger(e.g.overcookingtheholidayturkey),youpauseratherthanreactingatonce.__4__.Besides,itisassociatedwithlessanxiety,andmayevencarryphysiologicalbenefits.__5__Ofcourse,theholidayswillbringamixofhighsandlows,butthemostimportantlessontokeepinmindisthatthisvarietyofemotionsmightbethebestthingpossibleforyouroverallwellbeing.Inotherwords,sadness,anger,andotherdifficultemotionsarenothingtofear.Justmakesureyou'rebalancingthemwithlighterexperiences.Anddon'tforgettogiveyourselfabreak.A.RelaxyourmindB.EnjoyamixofemotionsC.WetendtodenytheimportantfunctionemotionsserveD.Instead,theycanhelpcontributetoahealthyandhappylifeE.SotryingtoforcehappinessseemstohavetheoppositeeffectsF.AcautiousresponsetoanegativeeventreducessadnessweexperienceG.Wefeelbadwhenourappearancecontradictshowwetrulyfeelinside完形填空 (2019·德州质检) 体裁：记叙文 话题：社会生活 难度：★★★★☆LastsummerImovedtoKirklandtolivewithmyfiancé，givingupbeingalawyer.Withoutajob,Ispentmydaysaimlesslywanderingaroundmynewneighborhood.That'showI__1__Steve.I'dseenhimplentyoftimesbefore—untidy,withamessygraybeard,__2__aworncardboardsignatthestreetcorner.His_3__askedforhelpwithfoodorrent—nothingfancy,andneverforalcoholordrugs.Havinglivedintheareafortenyears,Stevewaswellknowntothelocals.EvenasIchattedwithhim,severalpeoplewavedtohimastheywentby.I_4_calledhimtheMayorofKirkland.Helaughed,sayinghehopedthename
wouldstick.Hehadmuchtodobeforehistermwas__5__.InSeptember,hetoldmehe'dbeenhomelessbecausehehadalegalissueforthelastthirtyyearsand,asaresult,hissocialsecurity__6__hadbeenhalved.Theremainingamountwasn'tenoughtoliveon,sohewasforcedtospendhisdaystryingto__7__thedifference.KnowingIhadlegalexperience,heaskedmeifIcouldhelphimwiththismatter.Iagreed__8__.Inthemonthsthatfollowed,Ibeganto__9__moretimeandenergyintohiscase.Whenwemettodiscusshiscase,itwasasifaheavy__10__wasliftingoffhisback.Icouldsensehisgrowingoptimism.Hestarteddescribingmeashis“littlerayof__11__”andtellinghisfriendswhatagreat__12__Iwasdoing.Thencamethedaywhenthecourtfinallydecidedto__13__mostofwhatSteveowed,whichmeanthewouldhaveenoughmoneytogethislifebackon__14__.IcouldseetearsinSteve'seyeswhenheheardthe__15__.ButitalsomeantthatIwouldn'tseehimasoftenanymore.WhenItoldStevethis,hegrinnedwithtearsinhiseyes，“We'refriends,andfriendsmaketimetoseeeachother.Besides,themayor'sstillgottodohisrounds.”1．A.foundB.missedC.helpedD.met2．A.leavingB.bringingC.holdingD.writing3．A.signB.caseC.houseD.work4．A.carefullyB.silentlyC.jokinglyD.desperately5．A.upB.inC.awayD.on6．A.accountB.paymentC.numberD.card7．A.leaveoutB.breakdownC.cutoffD.makeup8．A.instantlyB.graduallyC.probablyD.normally9．A.breakB.divideC.throwD.perform10．A.demandB.lossC.weightD.blow11．A.mayorB.sunshineC.lawyerD.income12．A.lessonB.courseC.changeD.job
13．A.chargeB.appreciateC.forgiveD.collect14．A.scheduleB.boardC.guardD.track15．A.decisionB.attemptC.explanationD.trend语法填空 (原创) 体裁：说明文 话题：社会热点 难度：★★★☆☆ Astronautshavetraditionallybeenserious,sensibletypeswiththe“rightstuff”whocan__1__(trust)toflyequipment.ButanymissiontoMarswillneeda“joker”or“classclown”figuretobe__2__(success),accordingtoNASAresearch.Asenseofhumorwillbevitalforanyteamtokeepmorale(士气)highonatwoyeartriptoMars__3__mayhappeninthe2030s.Accordingtoresearchers,groupsworkbestwhentheyhavea“joker”whohastheabilitytopulleveryonetogether,bridgegapswhentensionsappear__4__reallyboostmorale.WhenastronautsareinaconfinedspaceonamissiontoMars,tensionsarelikely__5__(occur).It'svitalthatthereshouldbeonewhocanhelpeveryonegetalong,sotheycandotheirjobsandgetthereandback__6__(safe)．ResearchershavestudiedisolatedgroupsofpeopleinextremeenvironmentsincludingRussian,Chinese,IndianandPolish__7__(explorer)basedinAntarctica.NorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsensucceededwhileCaptainScott__8__(fail)toreachtheSouthPolebecausetheNorwegianshada“clown”figureontheirteam.Helaughedandwasveryhappy,__9__(keep)uppeople'sspirits.Butresearchersadded:“Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob.Healsoneedstobe__10__excellentscientistandengineerandbeabletopassastricttrainingprogramme.”阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。An80-year-oldmanwassittingonthesofainhishousealongwithhis45-year-oldhighlyeducatedson．Suddenlyacrowperchedontheirwindow．Thefatheraskedhisson,"Whatisthis？"Thesonreplied,"Itisacrow．"Afterafewminutes,thefatheraskedhissonforthesecondtime,"Whatisthis？"Thesonsaid,"Father,Ihavejustnowtoldyou,it'sacrow!"Afteralittlewhile,theoldfatheragainaskedhissonforthethirdtime,"Whatisthis？"Atthistimesomeexpressionofirritationwasfeltintheson'stonewhenhesaidtohisfatherwitharebuff．"It'sacrow,acrow．"Alittlewhilelater,thefatheragainaskedhissonthefourthtime,"Whatisthis？"Thistime,thesonshoutedathisfather,"Whydoyoukeepaskingmethesamequestionagainandagain,althoughIhavetoldyousomanytimes‘ITISACROW'．Areyounotabletounderstandthis？"Alittlelaterthefatherwenttohisroomandcamebackwithanoldtattereddiary,whichhehadmaintainedsince
hissonwasborn．Onopeningapage,heaskedhissontoreadthatpage.Whenthesonreadit,thefollowingwordswerewritteninthediary：注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.至少使用5个短文中有下划线的关键词语；3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好；4.续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Todaymylittlesonagedthreewassittingwithmeonthesofa,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Afterreadingthediary,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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