优选Unit3Lifeinthefuture————[单元主题语境]———人与自我之健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度(2018·高考卷)话题：无人驾驶机器人汽车 词数：493 难度：★★★★PreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofselfdrivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist'sdream，yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well，thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforpaniestotesttrulyselfdrivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforpaniestosellorrentoutselfdrivingcars，andforpaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California，itshouldbenoted，isn'tleadingthewayhere.panieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It'shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes，thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities，forbetterorforworse，dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso)，policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowselfdrivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams，cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient，affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverless-19-/19
优选cars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualselfdrivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong，slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork，entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride，whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning，theysendtheselfdrivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinridehailing(叫车)services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrolpoweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric，selfdrivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基础设施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstmerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyridehailingservices，consideringthecostofselfdrivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题)．Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebeefortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn'textendtheworstaspectsofthecarcontrolledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Theingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople，andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureising.Wejusthavetoplanforit.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。47．Accordingtotheauthor，attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscars-19-/19
优选can.A．helpdealwithtransportationrelatedproblemsB．providebetterservicestocustomersC．causedamagetoourenvironmentD．makesomepeoplelosejobs解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafety...offermoreconvenient，affordablemobilityoptions.”可知，人们对无人驾驶汽车的关注点在于其安全性以及有助于减少交通拥堵等方面。故选A。答案：A48．Asfordriverlesscars，whatistheauthor'smajorconcern?A．Safety.B．Sideeffects.C．Affordability.D．Management.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabout...thecarcontrolledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.”并结合上文内容可知，作者希望政策的制定者要考虑这些无人驾驶车辆的管理，不要扩大现有汽车管理运输系统中的最糟糕的方面，故选D。答案：D49．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Employed.B．Replaced.C．Shared.D．Reduced.解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容“Thefirstmerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainly”并结合下句中“asthepricesdropandmorepeoplebeefortablewiththetechnology”可知，随着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术开始应用自如，第一批上市的无人驾驶车辆会“被应用”到“叫车服务”中。故选A。答案：A-19-/19
优选50．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothefutureofselfdrivingcars?A．Doubtful.B．Positive.C．Disapproving.D．Sympathetic.解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后三句话可推知作者对无人驾驶汽车的未来是充满希望的。因此选B。答案：B一、语言能力熟词生义/词类活用1．environmentallyfriendly环保的；不损害环境的2．packedadj.异常拥挤的3．suggestvt.表明4．appealingadj.有吸引力的5．presentvt.提供二、思维品质1．阅读技巧——三步巧解作者态度观点题(1)掌握三个解题切入点：①论述方法；②措辞；③语气。(2)明确作者三类态度：①支持、赞同、乐观；②客观、中立；③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。第50题，根据最后一段最后两句“Thecarofthefutureising.Wejusthavetoplanforit.”可知，无人驾驶车辆的时代马上来到，准备好迎接它的到来吧。由此推断作者对于这种新科技持积极乐观的态度。(3)干扰项的五个特征：①漠不关心；②模糊表达；③绝对化；④过于强烈；⑤文中其他人的态度。2．分析长难句并翻译句子Theytoleratelong，slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork，entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride，whichencourages-19-/19
优选urbanspread.[分析]toandfromwork表示“上下班”，because引导原因状语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个先行句。[翻译]他们容忍上下班时在拥挤的公路上长时间、缓慢的旅程，因为他们可以在乘车时工作、娱乐或者睡觉，这促使了城市的蔓延。三、文化素养 思考：通过阅读这篇文章，你怎样看待人工智能？人工智能是引领未来的战略性技术。人工智能已成为经济发展的新引擎、社会发展的加速器，人工智能技术正在渗透并重构生产、分配、交换、消费等经济活动各个环节，形成从宏观到微观各领域的智能化新需求、新产品、新技术、新业态，改变人类生活方式甚至社会结构，实现社会生产力的整体跃升。授课提示：对应学生用书第147页NO.1 单词——在语境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词…………………………………………[先识记]请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1．constantinterruptions无休止的干扰2．instantcoffee速溶咖啡3．lackconfidence缺乏自信4．fastenittoatree把它系在树上5．toleratethenoise忍受噪音6．aflashoflightning一道闪电7．apreviousmarriage前一段婚姻8．agreedylittleboy一个贪吃的小男孩-19-/19
优选9．anoptimisticmood乐观的情绪10．turnintodesert变成沙漠11．accordingtothetimetable根据时刻表12．alastingimpression持久的印象13．foreignpress外国报刊14．alightswitch电灯开关[再拓展]请填入括号内单词的正确形式1．Youcanadjustthedesksandchairstotheheightofthestudentsastheadjustmentisnotdifficulttomake.(adjust)2．Throughconstantinnovationofmanyyears，thepanyhasimproveditsproductqualityconstantly.(constant)3．Infact，Ithinkanimalattractioncanbeinstant—youcanseeanelephantinstantlygoforanotherelephant.(instant)4．Iwillnottoleratethatsortofbehaviorinmyclassandnoonewillbetolerantofthat.(tolerate)5．ThecityofHangzhouisreallyanimpressiveplace.EspeciallythefamousWestLakealwaysleavesquiteanimpressiononthevisitors.IwasstronglyimpressedbyitsbeautythefirsttimeIvisitedit.(impress)6．Thefamousstarwasenjoyingthepleasantsurroundingswhenhewasrecognizedandwassurroundedbyacrowdoffans.(surround)7．Anofficialwassenttosettletheproblembutdifferentopinionsoftwosidesdestroyedallthehopesofapeacefulsettlement.(settle)8．Thefirmispressingmeforadecisionandthepressurefrommyparentsisquiteunbearable，soIhavetoacceptthisnewjob.(press)02阅读单词…………………………………………-19-/19
优选标注不认识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆□typist □tablet □capsule□swallow□stewardess□aspect□carriage□steward□citizen□mask□button□manufacture□imitate□motivation□goods□pessimistic□receiver□representativeNO.2 短语——在拼写中记牢，在联想中积累[必会短语]请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1．asaresult结果；因此2．bebackonone'sfeet(困境后)恢复3．takeupyourtime占用你的时间4．sufferfromthecold患感冒5．slideintotheroom溜进房间6．begreedyforpower贪图权力7．(a)lackofexperience缺乏经验8．losesightofthisfact忽略这个事实9．sweepupalltheglass把玻璃清扫干净10．speedupthecar加快车速11．remindmeofthepast使我想起过去12．fleeinalldirections向四面逃去[词汇积累]1．单复数意义不同的名词集锦①②③④-19-/19
优选⑤⑥⑦⑧2．男女有别①②③④3．“v.＋from”短语荟萃①sufferfrom遭受②resultfrom因……而起③adaptfrom从……改编④escapefrom从……逃脱⑤benefitfrom从……中获益⑥diefrom死于⑦datefrom始于……⑧hearfrom收到某人的来信NO.3 句式——在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请根据提示完成下列句子1．“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构主动表被动英语中有大量绚烂而华丽但可能很难懂的表达。Englishhasahugenumberofcolourfulandsplendidexpressionswhichmaybedifficulttounderstand.2．过去分词短语作状语假如给予更多的关心和照顾，这个孩子就不会变得如此自私和淘气。Givenmoreattentionandcaring，thechildwouldn'thavebeesoselfishandnaughty.-19-/19
优选3．形容词在句中作原因状语由于太紧X，考试刚开始时我什么也想不起来。但我没有着急，而是努力使自己平静下来。Toonervous，Icouldn'tthinkofanythingatthebeginningoftheexam.However，Ididn'tworrybuttriedtocalmmyselfdown.4．地点状语放于句首，句子用完全倒装在农场的房子的前面有一棵1000多年树龄的大树，现在已经被政府保护起来了。Infrontofthehousesonthefarmstandsatalltreewithahistoryof1,000years，whichisprotectedbythegovernmentnow.(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)授课提示：对应学生用书第148页1．toleratevt.容忍；忍受[写作佳句]IfIwereherstaff，Ireallywouldn'ttoleratebeingscoldedbyhereveryday.如果我是她的员工，我真的不能忍受每天被她责骂。[归纳拓展](1)tolerate(one's/sb.)doingsth.容忍(某人)做某事(2)tolerancen．宽容；宽恕tolerantadj.容忍的；宽容的[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Ican'ttolerateworking(work)withKateinthesameoffice.Shejustrefusestostoptalkingwhilesheworks.②Insteadofblamingthechildwhohadbrokenthevase，shegavehimatolerant(tolerate)smileandlethimgo.能力提升——词汇升级-19-/19
优选③Whenhewentabroad，hefoundthenewsurroundingshardtobear.→Whenhewentabroad，hefoundthenewsurroundingshardtotolerate/putupwith.[实战贴士]“容忍；忍受”的种种表达①toleratevt.忍受 ②bearvt.忍受 ③standvt.忍受 ④putupwith忍受；容忍2．lackvt.&vi.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺的东西[写作佳句]Theylackphysicalexerciseandtheskilltomunicatewiththeirfriendsfacetoface.他们缺乏身体锻炼和面对面与朋友交流的能力。[归纳拓展](1)forlackof因缺乏……alackof缺乏……(2)lackingadj.短缺的；缺乏的belackingin缺少……[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Thereisalackofmunicationbetweenthechildandhisparents.②Thoughlacking(lack)money，hisparentsmanagedtogethimwelleducated.能力提升——一句多译他缺乏与他人交流的技能，因此在比赛中失败了。③Helackedtheskilltomunicatewithothers，sohefailedinthepetition.(lackvt.)④Hewaslackingintheskilltomunicatewithothers，sohefailedinthepetition.(lackingin)⑤Lackingtheskilltomunicatewithothers，hefailedinthepetition.(分词作状语)-19-/19
优选⑥Forlackoftheskilltomunicatewithothers，hefailedinthepetition.(介词短语)[实战贴士]lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被动语态和进行时)，也可作不及物动词，后常与介词for连用；形容词lacking常与in连用。3．pressvi.&vt.按；压；逼迫n.按；压；印刷；新闻[写作佳句]Pressedbymyfriendsandrelations，Idecidedtoseizetheopportunity.在朋友和家人的催促下，我决定抓住机会。[归纳拓展](1)press...against/to...把……压/挤/贴在……presssb.todosth.极力劝说/敦促/勉强某人做某事(2)pressuren．压(力)；压强；强制putpressureon...给……施压underpressure面临压力；受到压力[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Itisnotwisetopressthemtoleave(leave)heresoearly.②Infact，womenarelesslikelytohavehighbloodpressure(press)ortodiefromheartattacks.③Iknowstudyingisveryimportant，butmyparentsputtoomuchpressureonme.能力提升——完成句子④Nomatterhowmuchpressureyouareunder，youwillnevergiveuphalfway.无论你面临多少压力，都不要半途而废。4．instantn.瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的-19-/19
优选[文化金句]Theinstanttheyarrivedatourschool，theycouldn'twaittovisitourteahouse，wherealotofteasetswereondisplay.他们一到我们学校，就迫不及待地参观我们的茶馆，那里陈列着许多茶具。(2018·高考卷)[归纳拓展](1)foraninstant一瞬间；顷刻inaninstant＝instantly立刻；马上(2)一……就……[实战演练]基础练透——完成语段①Atthegateofabar，hecameacrosshispreviousteacher.Whenaskedwhathewasdoingthere，hecouldn'tanswerforaninstant(一瞬间)andleftthereinaninstant(马上)．Theinstant/Instantlyhegothome(他一到家)，heclosedthedoorandwaslostinthought.能力提升——一句多译一到达剧院，他发现朋友给他的票忘在家里了。②Theinstant/moment/minutehearrivedatthetheatre，hefoundtheticketafriendgavehimwasleftathome.(instant/moment/minute)③Instantly/Immediately/Directlyhearrivedatthetheatre，hefoundtheticketafriendgavehimwasleftathome.(instantly/immediately/directly)④On/Uponarrivingatthetheatre，hefoundtheticketafriendgavehimwasleftathome.(on/upon)5．takeup占用(时间)；占据(空间)；继续；开始；接受；拿起；从事[写作佳句]Smartphonesnotonlytakeupourvaluabletime，butalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间，而且非常不利于我们的身体健康。[归纳拓展]takeoff脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞-19-/19
优选takeover接管；获得对……的控制或管理takedown写下；记下；拆除takein吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗takeon呈现；雇用；承担；从事[实战演练]基础练透——一词多义①Wetriedtofindatable，buttheywerealltakenup.占据②Iputthetelephonedownandtookupmyworkagain.继续③Hewaseagertotakeupsomejob.从事④I'mgoingtotakeupthechallengewithoutarguing.接受能力提升——用take短语完成下面语段(takein，takeon，takeoff，takeover)⑤Aftertakingoverthepanyfromhisfather，hetookinsomeadvancedideasandtookonsomeskillfulworkers，whichsuggeststhathispanywilltakeoffsoon.6．losesightof...看不见……；忽略……[写作佳句]Onlyashortsightedmanwilllosesightoftheimportanceofeducation.只有鼠目寸光的人才会看不见教育的重要性。[归纳拓展](1)catchsightof望见；看到eintosight进入视野内；映入眼帘losesightof看不到(2)atthesightof看到outofsight看不到；在视野之外atfirstsight乍一看；初看时[实战演练]基础练透——用sight短语填空①Theyfellinloveatfirstsight，andthreemonthslater，theygotmarried.-19-/19
优选②Wemustnotlosesightofouroriginalaim.③Attherailwaystation，themotherwavedgoodbyetoherdaughteruntilthetrainwasoutofsight.能力提升——词汇升级④IsawhergettingonthebuswhenIcameoutofthestore.→IcaughtsightofhergettingonthebuswhenIcameoutofthestore.7．过去分词(短语)作状语[教材原句]Hitbyalackoffreshair，myheadached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。[归纳拓展](1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等。(2)过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。(3)过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为动宾关系。[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Offered(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie，Andyhasgotachancetobeefamous.②Located(locate)inthecentraldistrict，theXi'anHoteloffersthebestservicewiththelowestprice.③Ordered(order)overaweekago，thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.能力提升——一句多译从高层建筑物上看，公园看上去更漂亮。④Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehighbuilding，theparklooksevenmorebeautiful.(时间状语从句)⑤Seenfromthetopofthehighbuilding，theparklooksevenmore-19-/19
优选beautiful.(分词作状语)⑥Seeingfromthetopofthehighbuilding，Ifindtheparkevenmorebeautiful.(分词作状语)8．形容词(短语)作状语[教材原句]Exhausted，Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。[归纳拓展]形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空/句型转换①Seriouslyinjured(injure)，hewassenttothenearesthospitalatonce.②Luckily(lucky)，Ipassedthedrivingtesteasily.能力提升——句型转换③Shesuddenlyappearedandseemedhappyandsatisfied.→Shesuddenlyappeared，happyandsatisfied.④Becausehewastiredandhungry，theywentintoarestaurant.→Tiredandhungry，theywentintoarestaurant.[实战贴士]形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语常可构成系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。授课提示：对应学生用书第150页[教材与高考]Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词1．阅读词汇认知①(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)AndMP3players，smartphones，andLCDTVsentered-19-/19
优选homesin2002，beforetabletsandereadersshowedupin2007.n.平板电脑②(某某卷)Peterwilltakeuphispostastheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth.从事③(某某卷)Yourglassesmaysomedayreplaceyoursmartphone，andsomeNewYorkersarereadyfortheswitch.n.转换④(某某卷)Whatseemsstrange，however，isthatthestandardadoptedforwomenistheoppositeoftheoneformen.Takealookatthewayyourclothesbutton.v．扣上纽扣2．一词多义①(2020·高考某某卷)Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen，whoselifestylesare，forbetterandworse，representativeofthoseofmostofus.CA．n.代表；典型人物 B．adj.典型的C．adj.有代表性的②(某某卷)Afteraweek，thetwogroupsswitchedwithparticipants.AA．转换B．开关Ⅱ.语言运用高频点1．语法填空①(2020·高考某某卷)Afewcharactersareusedtocreateasingleimpression(impress)growingoutofthetheme.②(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Thisiswhatmotivation(motivate)orthelackofitcando.③(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)KnowingsomeChinesetablemannerswillhelpyoumakeagoodimpression(impress)onyourChinesefriend.④Ifsomethingdoesn'tsuityou，justtellmeaheadoftimesothatIcanmakenecessaryadjustments(adjust)．-19-/19
优选⑤(全国卷Ⅰ)Herlackofpropertraininginlawgotherrejectedbythelawfirm.2．完形填空①(2020·高考某某卷)WhenWilsonreturnedhomefromhospitaltwomonthslater，hisparentsattemptedtofindawaytodealwiththecatastrophethathadhappenedtotheirlives.ButWilsondidnotregardtheaccidentas46.Helearnedbraille(盲文)quicklyandcontinuedhiseducationatWorcesterCollegefortheBlind.A．fantasticB．extraordinaryC．impressiveD．catastrophic解析：词语复现题。根据前句findawaytodealwiththecatastrophe，可知此处用catastrophic“灾难性的”，威尔逊没有把这次事故看作是灾难性的。fantastic极好的；extraordinary非凡的；impressive印象深刻的。故选D。答案：D②(2019·高考某某卷)Howcanwebridgetheeverwideninggapthatseparatesusfromotheranimals?ChrisandTimofferedustheanswer:humanbeingstookitforgrantedthattheirbrainsheldallthesolutions，butmaybetheirheartscanbeabetter55.A．guideB．treatC．exampleD．panion解析：根据转折词but可以推知，人类想当然地认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。但或许他们可以用“心”更好地“引领”他们去保护这些濒危的动物。选A。答案：AⅢ.书面表达亮点练1．(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ)如果你有兴趣，请告诉我你是否有空。如果你能来指导我们，我将不胜感激。(guide)Ifyouareinterested,pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwillbeavailable.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldeandguideus.-19-/19
优选2．(某某卷)在一些专家的眼中，火星上的生活条件难以忍受。(tolerate)Insomeexperts'opinion，livingconditionsontheMarsareveryhardtotolerate.3．(某某卷)我们班最明显的问题是缺少互动和协作。(lackn．)Themostobviousprobleminourclassislackofinteractionandteamwork.4．(某某卷)反过来，她的学生们呈现出了一个全新的面貌。(takeon)Inreturn,herstudentstookonapletelynewlook.[素养与落实]用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文假定某英文报社向中学生征文，题目是“TheHouseintheFuture”。请根据下列要点和你的畅想完成短文。①如何智能化；②怎样服务于人。Step1 补全要点句(黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)①随着科技的发展，将来的房子在许多方面不仅智能而且贴心。Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，thehouseinthefuturewillbesmartandcaringinmanyaspects.②未来的房子由电脑控制，了解主人的好恶，并能和主人交流。(分词短语作状语)Controlledbyputers，thefuturehousewilllearnaboutthemaster'slikesanddislikesandmunicatewithhim.③它会发信息告诉主人缺乏日用品。Itwillsendthemastermessagestoinformitsmasterthereisalackofdailygoods.④房子一意识到主人疲惫不堪，就会调节自身使环境更舒适。Theinstant/Instantlyitsensesitsmasterisexhausted，thehousecanadjustitselftomakethesurroundingsfortable.⑤太阳能充电系统将回收利用水并把废物变为燃料，这对环境极为有利。Asolarpoweredsystemwillrecyclewaterandturnwasteintofuel.Thisisof-19-/19
优选greatbenefittotheenvironment.⑥毫无疑问，未来的房子会给我们提供各种便利。Thereisnodoubtthatthehouseinthefuturewilloffereveryconveniencetous.Step2 升级平淡句 利用非限制性定语从句升级句⑤Asolarpoweredsystemwillrecyclewaterandturnwasteintofuel，whichisofgreatbenefittotheenvironment.-19-/19
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