word文档阅读理解专练(二)(限时30分钟)A Everynewparentknowsthatrockingcancalmthatuneasybabywhenit’stimetotakeanap.Butthebenefitsofgentlemovementmaygobeyondthebabystage.Becausetwonewstudiesshowthatrockingalsohelpsgrown-ups,bothhumanandmouse,getagoodnight’ssleep. Whatshouldbenosurpriseisthatmovementcancalmsomeone.Thinkofhowmanytimesyou’vefallenasleeponatrain.Butcanmotionreallycauseanap,andmakeforadeepersleep? Tofindout,researchersinvited18healthyvolunteersforasleepover.“Sotheycametothelabandsleptonetimeonthemotionless,normalbed.Andonenightwheretheygotrocked.”saidAurorePerrault,asleepresearcherattheUniversityofGenevainSwitzerland.“Andwhatwefindisthatwhenparedtoamotionlessnight,awholenightofrockingsleephasabeneficialeffectnotonlyonsleepbeginningbutalsoonsleepcontinuity.”Subjectswhowererockedalsodidbetteronamemorytestthenextmorningthanthestillersleepers. Inthesecondstudy,Kompotis,astudentattheUniversityofLausanne,rockedarackofmice.Whetherrockingaffectssleepinotherspecieswasneverbeforediscussed.Sothemainquestionsforourstudywerewhetherrockingaffectssleepinmiceandwhatisthepossiblesystem? Kompotisplacedthemousecagesonaplatformthatmovedfromsidetoside.-9-/9
word文档Thoughmicewererockedfourtimesfasterthantheirhumancounterparts—afrequencyofoneback-and-forthpersecond,or1Hertz,workedbest—theresultswerestrikinglysimilar.Duringrockingat1Hertz,timespentasleepincreased,andmicefellasleeptwiceasfastasatstillcondition.However,additionalstudiescouldallowtheresearcherstoidentifyanewaimfortreatingsleepdisorders,includinginsomnia(失眠). Untilthen,youmightthinkaboutaddingalittleswingtoyournighttimeroutine.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。研究人员在测试中发现,那些被摇晃过的人比那些静止不动的人在睡眠方面更好。并且,后来的测试发现,摇晃对动物也有促进睡眠的作用。文章还介绍了这项研究的过程。1.What’sthepurposeofthesecondstudyinthepassage?A.Todoresearchonthesleepsystemofotherspecies.B.Todiscussinwhichcaserockingaffectsbaby’ssleep.C.Toseewhetherrockingaffectssleepofotherspecies.D.Tostudytheinfluenceofrockingonsleepdisorders.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段中Inthesecondstudy,Kompotis,astudentattheUniversityofLausanne,rockedarackofmice.Whetherrockingaffectssleepinotherspecieswasneverbeforediscussed.可知在第二项研究中,洛桑大学的学生Kompotis摇晃了一组老鼠。以前从未有人讨论过摇晃是否会影响其他物种的睡眠。由此可推知,第二项研究的目的是观察摇摆是否影响其他物种的睡眠。2.WhatdoweknowaboutthemiceinParagraph5?-9-/9
word文档A.Theirsleepingtimeincreasedwhenrockedat1Hertz.B.Theirsleepdisorderincludinginsomniawastreated.C.Whenrocked,theyfellasleeptwicefasterthanatstillcondition.D.Whenrocked,theyworkedfasterthantheirhumancounterparts.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第五段中Duringrockingat1Hertz,timespentasleepincreased,andmicefellasleeptwiceasfastasatstillcondition.可知在1赫兹的摇晃中,老鼠的睡眠时间增加了,老鼠入睡的速度是静止状态的两倍。由此可知,当震动频率为1赫兹时,老鼠的睡眠时间增加。3.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.RockingHelpsGrown-upsSleepToo.B.DeepSleepNeedstheConstantSwing.C.RockingGreatlyAffectsDeepSleep.D.RockingCanTreatSleepDisorders.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段中Becausetwonewstudiesshowthatrockingalsohelpsgrown-ups,bothhumanandmouse,getagoodnight’ssleep.结合文章主要内容可知研究人员在测试中发现,那些被摇晃过的人比那些静止不动的人在睡眠方面更好。并且,后来的测试发现,摇晃对动物也有促进睡眠的作用。文章还介绍了这项研究的过程。【规律方法】标题归纳题属于深层理解题,它要求考生在通读全文的基础上,认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图。在此基础上,还应做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。概括性原则:要求标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文,囊括文章的主要内容,体现文章的主题要旨。从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置,主次不分,以点代面,以偏概全。-9-/9
word文档针对性原则:针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。即标题的外延既不能太大也不能太小,要量体裁衣,大小适度。醒目性原则:标题是文章的点睛之笔,是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响文章的可读性。读者往往从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍,故标题往往比较醒目,甚至比较离奇,目的是吸引读者的注意力,唤起读者阅读文章的兴趣。如第3小题,根据第一段中Becausetwonewstudiesshowthatrockingalsohelpsgrown-ups,bothhumanandmouse,getagoodnight’ssleep.可知因为两项新的研究表明,摇摆也有助于成年人,包括人类和老鼠,获得一个良好的睡眠。结合文章主要内容可知研究人员在测试中发现,那些被摇晃过的人比那些静止不动的人在睡眠方面更好。并且,后来的测试发现,摇晃对动物也有促进睡眠的作用。文章还介绍了这项研究的过程。故A选项“摇摆也有助于成年人的睡眠”符合文章标题。B TheUnitedStateshasabout475,000schoolbuses—allpaintedyellow.Eachdaytheycarrymorethan25,000,000children,halfofallschoolchildreninthecountry.Butthesebuses,onaverage,usefourlitersofdiesel(柴油)fueltotravellessthansixteenkilometers.Whentheschoolyearbeganlastfall,dieselaveraged55centsaliternationally.Thepricenearlydoubled,toadollarand8cents,bytheendofschoolinJune. BobRileyspeaksfortheAmericanSchoolBusCouncil.Hesaysfuelpricesforschoolsarenotmuchlowerthanothershavetopay.Asaresult,schoolsarelookingforwaystoreducetransportationcosts.Busroutesarebeingredrawnor,insomecases,canceled.Someareasarebuyingbusesthatusenaturalgasor-9-/9
word文档otheralternativefuels.Otherstepsincludefewerfieldtripsandlesstravelbysportsteams.Andsomeschooldistrictsmayendanybusservicenotrequiredbylaw. Studiesshowthatschoolbusesarethesafestformoftransportationtoandfromschool.TheAmericanSchoolBusCouncilsayscutsinbusservicearebadforchildrenandpossiblytheenvironment.Itsaysremovingbusesfromtheroadwillmeananincreaseinothervehiclestransportingstudents.SpokesmanBobRileysaysanotherconcernisthatreducingbusservicesmightreduceattendance. Butitcouldalsogetmorechildrentowalkorbicycletoschool.AndthatwouldsurelymakepeoplehappyattheNationalCenterforSafeRoutestoSchool.Morekidswalkingorbikingsafelytoschoolistheaimofathree-year-oldfederalprogram,partofaninternationalmovement.Thegoalistoincreasephysicalactivityandreduceairpollution.TheUnitedStateswillcelebrateWalktoSchoolDayonOctobereighththisyear.Butforsomestudents,highfuelpricescouldmakeeverydayawalk-to-schoolday.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了高油价对校车的影响。4.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus?A.Highfuelprices’influencesonschoolbuses.B.Newmeasurestotransportschoolstudents.C.Thesafestformofstudenttransportation.D.TheoriginofWalktoSchoolDay.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。这类题目通常看首段和尾段的首尾句。由首段和尾段尾句Butforsomestudents,highfuelpricescouldmakeeverydayawalk-to-schoolday.-9-/9
word文档可知选A。高燃油价格对校车的影响。5.Inordertocutdowntransportationcost,manyschoolstakethefollowingmeasuresEXCEPT_________. A.changingsomebusroutesB.stoppingsomebusroutesC.askingparentstodrivechildrentoandfromschoolD.usingothertypesoffuels【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据关键词cutdowntransportationcost可以定位到文中句子Busroutesarebeingredrawnor,insomecases,canceled.Someareasarebuyingbusesthatusenaturalgasorotheralternativefuels.由此可知C选项未被提及,故选C。6.TheNationalCenterforSafeRoutestoSchoolencouragesmorechildrentowalkorbiketoschoolinorderto_________. A.savemorefuelsanddieselforthecountryB.keepthechildrensafeontheirwaytoschoolC.makethechildrenliveasimplelifeD.keepthechildrenhealthyandtheenvironmentclean【解析】选D。细节理解题。由题目可以定位到最后一段Thegoalistoincreasephysicalactivityandreduceairpollution.目标是增加体育活动和减少空气污染。故选D。C“Themomentbeforetheycalledmyname,Iwasreallynervousbecausetheotherfinalists’presentationsarereallygoodandIthoughttheywouldwin,”KaraFan,14,whohaswonAmerica’sTopYoungScientist,toldFinance.“Whenthey-9-/9
word文档announcedmyname,Iwasreallysurprisedactually.” Towinthatclaim,Fan’snano-particleliquidbandagehadtosurpasstheexperimentsofhundredsoffifthtoeighthgradersaswellasnineotherfinalists.FanstarteddevelopingherliquidbandageinApril2019tofighttheoveruseofantibiotics(抗生素). AccordingtotheCDC,roughly2millionpeopleeveryyearsufferabacterialinfectionintheU.S.andabout23,000passedawayasaresult.Ifleftalone,aUNstudyreported,drug-resistantdiseasesorthe“superbug”couldleadto10milliondeathsacrosstheglobeby2050.WhenFan’ssprayablebandagedriesonaperson’sskin,itcreatesathinlayerthatprotectsthewoundedareawhilebreakingthecellwallandkillingthebacteriaontheskin.Afterexperimentingwithcoppernitrate(硝酸铜)tofightbacteria,switchingtothesilvernitrateendedupbeingthemajorcatalyst(催化剂)toseeingresultsforheraward-winningproject.“Thousandsofyearsago,ancientpeoplewouldusecopperandsilvertoeatwithandtheywoulddrinkwaterfromlikecopperbowlstokillbacteria,”Fanexplained.“Ifoundoutthatitdidn’twork.SoIusednanosilver.” SirAlexanderFleming’sdiscoveryofpenicillin—atypeofantibiotic—isFan’sfavoritescientificdiscovery.Thatsaidshedoesn’tthinkhumansshouldrelytooheavilyonpenicillin. FollowingheryearsatWestviewHighSchool,FanhopestocontinueherbiologytrackatStanfordUniversity.Alongwiththe$25,000cashprizeshewononOctober29,beingAmerica’sTopYoungScientistmayhelpgettheprivate-9-/9
word文档university’sattention.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了获得美国最佳青年科学家奖的卡拉·X发明液体绷带的故事。7.HowdidKaraFanfeelaboutherwinningtheprize?A.Confident. B.Regretful.C.Proud.D.Unexpected.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Whentheyannouncedmyname,Iwasreallysurprisedactually.”卡拉·X说:“当他们宣布我的名字时,我真的很惊讶”,由此可知,卡拉·X对自己的获奖感到很意外。8.ForwhatpurposedidFandevelopherliquidbandage?A.Tofightoveruseofantibiotics.B.Toenteranationalcontest.C.Toreducedeathsfrominjuries.D.Togetintoagooduniversity.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“FanstarteddevelopingherliquidbandageinApril2019tofighttheoveruseofantibiotics”可知,卡拉·X于2019年4月开始发明液体绷带,以对抗抗生素的过度使用,故A项正确。9.WhichofthefollowingdoesFanusetokillbacteria?A.Coppernitrate.B.Copper.C.Silver.D.Nanosilver.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Thousandsofyearsago,ancientpeoplewouldusecopperandsilvertoeatwithandtheywoulddrinkwaterfromlikecopper-9-/9
word文档bowlstokillbacteria,”Fanexplained.“Ifoundoutthatitdidn’twork.SoIusednanosilver.”可知,X解释说:“几千年前,古代人会用铜碗和银碗吃饭,他们会喝铜碗里的水来杀灭细菌。但我发现这不起作用,所以我用了纳米银(来杀菌)。”10.WhatmightbeFan’sopinionaboutpenicillin?A.Addictive.B.Valuable.C.Useless.D.Irreplaceable.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“SirAlexanderFleming’sdiscoveryofpenicillin—atypeofantibiotic—isFan’sfavoritescientificdiscovery.”可知,亚历山大弗莱明发现的青霉素是X最喜欢的科学发现,由此可知,X认为青霉素是有价值的。-9-/9
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