2022年高考英语重要语法精讲精练特殊句式特殊句式的考察方向:1.全部倒装2.部分倒装3.部分倒装需要注意的点4.其他倒装一)、全部倒装1、全部倒装基本结构谓语动词+主语【例题精讲】例.Thereexistsaproblem.2、全部倒装常见考查情况1)当here,there,now,then,up,down,in,out,off,away等表示运动方向的副词、时间副词或地点状语置于句首以示强调时,句子要全部倒装。【例题精讲】例1.Herecomesthebus.车来了。例2.Thereexistsaproblem.存在一个问题。例3.Therestandsanoldtemplenearourvillage.在我们村子附近有一座古庙。【练一练】1.Severalmelonstallswerebelowthewindowandabovethem________withabigclockontopofit.A.wastheTelecomTowerB.weretheTelecomTowerC.theTelecomTowerwasD.theTelecomTowerwere【答案】A【解析】考查表语倒装句。abovethem位于句首,句子完全倒装。还原出来应该是thetelecomtowerwasabovethem,所以选A。
2)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时句子要全部倒装。【例题精讲】例1.Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.山脚下有个漂亮的湖。例2.Onthegroundlayanoldman,whowasdying.地上躺着一位老人,奄奄一息。【练一练】1.Iamgladtofindthatontopofthemountain________fromthetimeoftheRomanEmpire.A.liesancientruinsB.lieancientruinsC.doesancientruinslieD.doancientruinslie【答案】B【解析】考查倒装句。根据倒装句规则可知,表示方位的介词短语置于句首时,句子要用全部倒装,由此可排除C、D两项;句子主语是复数名词ancientruins,故选B。3)表语(形容词,介词短语,现在分词,过去分词)位于句首,为保持句子平衡或表示强调时,常用倒装。【例题精讲】例1.Gonearethedayswhenwelivedapoorlife.我们过贫穷日子的年代一去不复返了。例2.PresentatthemeetingwereexpertsfromEurope.出席会议的是来自欧洲的专家。【练一练】1.There,______MrsSmith,showingherpupilshowtoputalogoontothenewtorch.A.standingontheplatformwasB.wasstandingonaplatformC.onaplatformwasstandingD.wasonaplatformstanding【答案】A【解析】考查倒装。原句为MrsSmithwasstandingontheplatform,将standingontheplatform表语提前,用来强调。故选A。2.Nearby,Mrs.White,stretchingoutcautiouslytocollecthercostlyjewels.A.standingonawoodenboxwasB.wasstandingonawoodenbox
C.onawoodenboxwasstandingD.wasonawoodenboxstanding【答案】A【解析】考查表语倒装。原句为Mrs.Whitewasstandingonawoodenbox,选A。3.Toweringoverthesurroundingbuildings________theSuningskyscraper,whichreachesnearly400metersinheight,makingitanewlandmarkofZhenjiang.A.areB.hasC.isD.have【答案】C【解析】考查倒装句。还原就是‘TheSuningskyscraperistoweringoverthesurroundingbuildings.’4)单独such放句首,引导完全倒装。【例题精讲】例1.Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.例1.Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.3、全部倒装需要注意的点1)如果主语为人称代词,则主、谓不需要倒装【例题精讲】例1.Herehecomes.例2.Inhecameandbackhewentagain.【练一练】Out________,withastickinhishand.A.didherushB.rushedheC.herushedD.hedidrush【答案】C2)such位于句首时,此句型中的such多被视为是表语,所以such后的be动词与其后的真正的主语保持一致。【例题精讲】
例1.Suchistheirdecision.例2.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist.二)、部分倒装1、部分倒装基本结构助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+谓语动词【例题精讲】例.LittledoIdreamofseeingsuchwonderfulscenery.2、部分倒装常见情况1)否定词(短语)开头的句子要用部分倒装。表示否定的副词never,nor,neither;表示半否定意义的副词hardly,few,seldom,little;含有no和not的词组bynomeans(决不),onnoaccount(决不),atnotime(在任何时候都不,在任何情况下都不)notuntil,notonly...butalso,nosooner...than=hardly...when/scarcely...when。即“否定词+助动词/情态动词+主语+其他”。【例题精讲】例1.LittledoIdreamofseeingsuchwonderfulscenery.我想象不到会看到这样美妙的景色。例2.Little/SeldomdoIwatchTV.我很少看电视。例3.NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。【练一练】1.ItwasnotuntilIreturnedtoChinathiswinterafterlivingsolongabroad_Ibegantoexperiencesafetyandhappiness.A.whereB.beforeC.thatD.so【答案】C【解析】考查强调句。notuntilIreturnedtoChinathiswinterafterlivingsolongabroad,Ibegantoexperiencesafetyandhappiness.Itwas…that去掉句子结构完整,所以选C。2.Thistechnologyhasbeenaroundforalongtime,butnotuntilrecentyears_______itinmarketing.A.businessesemployedB.didbusinessesemployC.businesseshademployedD.hadbusinessesemployed
【答案】B【解析】本题考查时态及倒装。根据notuntilrecentyears位于句首,句子部分倒装,可排除A、B;同时根据recentyears可知为一般过去时。3.Notuntilrecently_________thedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.A.theyhadencouragedB.hadtheyencouragedC.didtheyencourageD.theyencouraged【答案】C【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。当notuntil所引导的时间状语放在句首时,主句要使用部分倒装。故选C。4.Thewomanwasaladyofstrongmindandnotonce________herhopeofsurvivingtheearthquakeinthedarkness.A.shehaslostB.shelostC.didsheloseD.lostshe【答案】C【解析】考查倒装句。句意:那个妇女是意志坚强的人,她从来没有失去从地震中逃生的希望。根据倒装句知识可知,否定副词置于句首,需要部分倒装,故选C。5.Yet________intheprocessofdevelopmentdidtheystoptoconsidertheimpactoftheir“progress”onnature.A.innotimeB.atnopointC.aslikelyasnotD.moreoftenthannot【答案】B【解析】考查倒装句。因为题干后半句是倒装句didtheystoptoconsider...,而四个选项中只有B项的否定介词atnopoint(任何时候都不)置于句首符合倒装结构。故选B。其他几项置于句首都不需要倒装——innotime意为“立刻马上”;aslikelyasnot相当于mostlikely,意为“很可能”;moreoftenthannot意为“往往”。6.—Neverinmylife________suchanembarrassment.Theythrewapplesatme.—Well.Fortunatelywatermelonsareoutofseason.A.IreceivedB.wasIreceivedC.IhavebeenreceivedD.haveIreceived【答案】D【解析】
考查倒装句。never为否定副词,置于句首时,要用部分倒装结构,由此可排除A、C两项;B项在时态和语态方面都不正确,此外根据句意应该用现在完成时,故选D。2)“Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句”开头的句子放在句首作状语时。【例题精讲】例1.OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofEnglish.只有到那时我才意识到英语的重要性。例2.OnlyinthiswaycanyoumakeprogressinyourEnglish.只有用这种方式,你才能在英语方面取得进步。【练一练】1.OnlysincetheIndustrialRevolution________inplacesawayfromtheirhomesorbeenlefttoraisesmallchildrenwithoutthehelpofmultipleadults.A.mostpeoplehaveworkedB.havemostpeopleworkedC.mostpeoplehadworkedD.hadmostpeopleworked【答案】B【解析】考查部分倒装。Only+since引导时间状语放在句首,句子用部分倒装,排除AB。再根据since提示用完成时态,而句子中也不存在一般过去时的动词或状语提示用过去完成时,得出正确答案选B。2.Itwasonlywhenhebrokedownandwassenttohospitalfortreatment______fullyawareofthevalueofhealth.A.didhebecomeB.thathebecameC.hadhebecomeD.thathehadbecome【答案】B【解析】考查强调句和时态。强调句中的onlywhen不倒装,根据句意:当他被送到医院的时候他才意识到健康的重要性。被送到医院在前,意识在后,故选B。3)在so/such...that从句中,如果So+adj./adv放在句首,其主句要倒装。【例题精讲】例1.Soloudlydidhespeakthateveryonecouldhearhim.他讲话声音足够大,以至于每个人都能听得见。例2.Soeasyisthebookthatevenachildcanreadit.
这本书是如此简单甚至连个孩子都会读。【练一练】Suchapassionatespeech______attheschoolopeningceremonythatweeachweredeeplymovedandstronglyinspired.A.didhemakeB.hemadeC.hadhemadeD.hehadmade【答案】A【解析】这句话是以such....that...引导的句式,所以要用部分倒装,考虑整个句子都用一般过去式,答案选A。4)如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were,should,had可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。【例题精讲】例1.Ifithadn’tbeenfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.=Haditnotbeenfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.要不是由于他们的帮助,我们不可能按时完成那项工作。例2.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatwouldwedo?=Shouldtherebeaflood,whatwouldwedo?要是发了洪水,我们该怎么办呢?【练一练】1.____________notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.A.ItwereB.WereitC.ItwasD.Wasit【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气的倒装。句意:如果不是老师们的支持,这个学生就不可能会克服她的困难。结合选项可知是对现在的虚拟,ifitwerenot...如果是were,should,had时,可将if省略,这些单词提前,故答案为B。2.Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble______theschedule.A.didIknowB.haveIknownC.doIknowD.hadIknown
【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气的倒装。句意:如果我早知道日程安排的话,可能会省去我一些麻烦的。根据题干中mighthavesaved可知主句是对过去的虚拟,从句应用ifIhadknown与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时,可将if省去,同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。三)、部分倒装需要注意的点only修饰主语时,仍用陈述语序。【例题精讲】例1.Onlyhecananswerthequestion.只有他能回答这个问题。例2.OnlyTomknowstheanswer.只有汤姆知道答案。四)、其他倒装1)由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。句式为:表语/状语/动词原形+as+主语+其他。【例题精讲】例1.Cleverasheis,hedoesn’tstudywell.虽然他很聪明,但他学习不好。例2.Childasheis,heknowsalot.虽然他是个孩子,但他懂得不少事情。例3.MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuyit.虽然我非常喜欢它,但我不买。例4.Tryashemight,Tomcouldn'tgetoutofthedifficulty.不管汤姆怎么努力,还是摆脱不了困境。注意:as引导的让步状语从句需倒装,当表语提前时,名词前的冠词需省去。【练一练】1.Fundamental_______computersareto______moreindustrialstructure,heavyrelianceonthemmayseparatepeopleindailylifeandaffecttheirinterpersonalrelationships.A.as;developB.though;developingC.although;developedD.because;develop【答案】B【解析】考查特殊句式。句意:尽管计算机对开发更多的产业结构很重要,但是严重依赖它们可能会把人们从日常生活中分离开来,影响他们的人际关系。as/though的倒装:形容词/状语/动词+as/though+主谓,本句是形容词提前,befundamentaltodoingsth/tosth:对……是十分重要的。还原:computersarefundamentaltodevelopingmoreindustrialstructure。故选B。
2.______,youneedtobefailingmoreifyouareexpectedtosucceedintheend.A.StrangeasmightitseemB.AsitmightseemstrangeC.AsstrangeitmightseemD.Strangeasitmightseem【答案】D【解析】考查as引导的倒装句。as引导让步状语从句的倒装的一种结构是:形容词+as+主语+动词,其中的动词也通常为连系动词,也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。分析各个选项,D选项“Strangeasitmightseem”符合。3.—Didtheyallpassthedrivingtest?—Yes,________,theyallsucceeded.A.astoughastheywereB.toughaswasitC.toughasitwasD.astoughaswerethey【答案】C【解析】考查倒装句。这是一个由as引导的表语提前的让步状语从句,其倒装结构为adj./adv./v./不带冠词的n.+as/though+主谓+其他,故选C。4.OnehasreasontobelievethatChina'santicorruptionoverthepastfewyears,________,hasachievedinspiringprogress.A.toughasitisB.astoughasitisC.sotoughitisD.asitistough【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句。句意:我们有理由相信,过去几年中国的反腐工作尽管艰难,但是取得了令人振奋的进步。将让步状语从句中的表语提前时,构成以as或though引导的让步状语从句,即“形容词(名词)+as+主语+be/系动词”。故选A。2)以so,neither,nor开头的句子引起的倒装用于重复前句部分内容。【例题精讲】例1.Societyhaschangedandsohavethepeopleinit.社会变了,人也变了。例2.Ifyoudon’tgo,neither/norshallI.(Ifyoudon’tgo,Ishallnotgo.)你不去,我也不去。例3.ShedoeswellinEnglish,butispoorinMaths.SoitiswithLucy.注意:so+主语+助动词表示某人的确如此。so+助动词+主语表示某人某物也一样。
例1:—Heisdiligent.—Soheis.例2:—Shehasfinishedherhomework.(她已经完成了家庭作业。)—SohaveI.(我也完成了。)—Soshehas.(她确实完成了。)【练一练】1.Wewon’tthinkofhumanclonesandanyreasontosuggestthatweareclosertoproducingthemtodaythanwewereyesterday.A.neitherthereisB.neithertherewasC.noristhereD.norwasthere【答案】C【解析】考查语序。A和B未倒装,直接排除,根据句意应为现在时,故选C。2.Inanycase,parentsshouldmakeclearwhat,________,thechildisexpectedtopayforwiththepocketmoney.A.ifeverB.ifsoC.ifanyD.ifanything【答案】D【解析】考查省略句。先通过删除插入语把主干梳理清楚,"parentsshouldmakeclearwhatthechildisexpectedtopayforwiththepocketmoney(父母要搞清楚你期望孩子用零花钱干什么)”再将if后的thereis补全就比较好判断了,"ifthereisanything(youexpectthechildtopayfor…)”.ifever应跟在表示频率的否定词后,如seldom/scarcely/hardly等,ifany应跟在数量的否定词后,如little/few.3.Itisnotsomuchthelanguage________theculturalbackground______makesthefilmdifficulttounderstand.A.that;asB.what;asC.as;whatD.as;that【答案】D【解析】考查短语和强调句。句意:并不是像文化背景一样多的语言使这本书很难理解。somuchas…和……一样多;整个句子结构是强调句Itis…that…,强调句子的主语,第二空用that。4.TheclimateinKunmingisquitepleasant,thetemperaturerarely,,reaching35°Cinsummer.
A.ifnotB.ifanyC.ifeverD.ifso【答案】C【解析】考查省略。A要不,不然,若非;B如果真有的话,如果你有的话;C很少,难得;D假如这样的话;根据句意:昆明的气候相当宜人,夏天气温很少达到35度,选C。5.--HasJohneverbrokenhispromise?--No.Forexample,hesaidhewouldshowmearoundhisschool,and_______.A.sowouldheB.sodidheC.sohewouldD.sohedid【答案】D【解析】考查固定句型。句意:——John违背诺言了吗?——没有,比如他说他领我参观学校,他确实那样做了。So+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语,表示“后者也那样”,So+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词,表示“确实是那样”,此处表示确实那样,故选D。6.TheChinesefootballfansdon'tknowwhen,,theirbelovednationalteamwillmakeittotheWorldCupfinals.A.ifsoB.ifanyC.ifeverD.ifnot【答案】D【解析】考查特殊句式省略。句意为:中国足球迷们不知道,如果有可能的话,他们挚爱的国家队什么时候能进入世界杯决赛。ifever指很少,如果有的话,加强语气的时候常用。7.—Howdoyougotoyourofficeeveryday?—Normally,Itakethesubwaytowork,________mostofmycolleagues.A.sodoB.asdoC.ashaveD.sohave【答案】B【解析】考查as句式。as在此作为连词,表示“也一样”,通常后接be或do+主语,相当于andsotoo。故选B。8.Although,webelievethereisnoindependentscientificevidencethatanyInternetdatingsiteisbeneficialtomatchingpeopletogether,________?A.isthereB.doweC.don'tweD.isn'tthere【答案】A【解析】
考查反意疑问句。believe的主语是第一人称代词I或we时,其后面的反意疑问句的主语取决于从句,由此排除B、C两项;由于从句中有否定词no,所以反意疑问句要用肯定形式。故选A。9.AnnelostherwalletandMotherwasn'tsurprisedthat________asshewastoocareless.A.shewassoB.sowassheC.sodidsheD.shedidso【答案】D【解析】考查省略句。shedidso意为“她这样做”,符合语境。句意:安妮丢了钱包,她妈妈对她这样做一点都不感到奇怪,因为她太粗心了。故选D。10.—HowimpressiveJohn'spaintingis!—Actually,itwas2yearsafterheretired________hestartedtolearndrawing.A.beforeB.sinceC.untilD.that【答案】D【解析】考查强调句。这是一个强调句,被强调部分是时间状语“2yearsafterheretired”。故选D。11.Yearsmaywrinkletheskin,butitistogiveupenthusiasm________wrinklesthesoul.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.when【答案】C【解析】考查强调句。句意:岁月可以让人的皮肤长皱纹,但让人的精神“长皱纹”的是放弃热情。这是一个强调句,被强调的部分是作主语的动词不定式“togiveupenthusiasm”。故选C。