Book1Unit1Friendship1．状语从句的省略：while＋分词结构“当……的时候”Whilewalkingthedog(在遛狗时),youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.(教材P1)句中whilewalkingthedog是一个状语从句的省略句，补全后为：whileyouwerewalkingthedog。省略句的条件①when,while,before,after,unless,if,asif等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it②状语从句谓语中含有be动词省略句的形式省略从句中的主语和be动词 解答该考点的题时，主要判断所考动词与句子主语之间的逻辑关系，若是主动关系时，通常填v.ing形式；若是被动关系时，通常填v.ed形式。①在买鱼的时候，你应该先闻一闻。When(youare)buyingfish,youshouldfirstsmellit.②她安慰地朝我笑了笑，耐心地边听我说边点头。Shegavemeacomfortingsmile,andnoddedwhile(shewas)listeningpatiently.③人们在被要求做他们不想做的事情时会有压力感。Peoplemayfeelforcedwhen(theyare)askedtodothingsthattheydon'twantto.④必要的话，我在家时你也可以和我联系。If(itis)necessary，youcancontactmeathome.2．before引导的时间状语从句，意为“在……之后才……”，强调从句动作发生之前，主句动作已经发生，还可理解为“还没等……就……”Sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwentyfivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered(他们才被发现)．(教材P2)beforeconj.常用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。(1)before引导时间状语从句时主要表达下列不同的意思：①还没来得及……就……(强调从句动作发生之前，主句动作已经发生)；②……之后才……(说明主句的动作持续时间比较长之后，从句的动作才开始)；③在……之前；④(不久)就……；⑤以免……；⑥趁着……(还没有)(2)含before的常用句式有：①Itwon'tbelongbefore...用不了多久就会……(before从句用一般现在时)；②Itwasn'tlongbefore...没过多久就……(before从句用一般过去时)；③Itwillbe＋一段时间＋before...要过若干时间之后才……(before从句用一般现在时)；④Itwas＋一段时间＋before...过了若干时间才……(before从句用一般过去时)“Itis/hasbeen＋一段时间＋since”引导状语从句(从句常用一般过去时），表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。①他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。Theyarethinkingofbuyingthehousebeforethepricesgoup.
②电影8：30开始，去之前我们可以匆匆吃点东西。Themoviestartsat8：30,andwecanhaveaquickbitebeforewego.③约翰认为不久之后他就会为他的新工作做好准备。Johnthinksitwon'tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.④听说你回家已经两个星期了，我非常想念你。IhearithasbeentwoweekssinceyoureturnedhomeandI'vebeenmissingyouverymuch.3．Therewasatimewhen...“曾经有段时间……”，此处when引导的是定语从句，可看作固定句式Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhen(曾经有段时光)adeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.(教材P2)4．It/This/Thatis/wasthefirsttimethatsb...“这/那是某人第一次做某事”，此结构中的从句部分要用完成时,：主句的be动词是is时，从句用现在完成时；be动词是was时，从句用过去完成时。Itwasthefirsttime(这是第一次)inayearandahalfthatI'dseen(我目睹了)thenightfacetoface...(教材P2)5.Itbeno＋n.(use/good/...)＋doingsth.句型中it做形式主语，动名词短语doingsth做真正主语。It'snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.6.“with＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构Motheraskedherif/whethershewasveryhotwithsomanyclotheson(穿着这么多衣服)．(教材P5)练习：Ⅰ.在空白处填入适当的词或者所给词的适当形式。1.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhile(do)somethingsheloves:nursing.2.If(admit),IwilldoallIcantodomyworkwell.3.Asyouknow,it'snouse(complain)withouttakingaction.4.Itdidn'ttakelongtheywalkedthroughthefrontdoorcarryingabigbox.5.Itwillbemonthswegettheresults.Ⅱ.在空白处填入适当的词或者所给词的适当形式。Therewasatime6.Ibecamecrazyaboutcomputergames.Iplayedeverynight,7.(forget)allaboutmyhomework.Oneday,while8.(play)games,Isuddenlyfoundmycomputerbrokedown.IhurriedtotheInternetbarandwentonwiththegame.Weekslater,Iscored56inthemathstest.ItwasthefirsttimethatI9.(fail)theexam.IrealizedhowfoolishIwasanddecidedtochange.Itdidn'ttakelong10.Igotmyselfbackandeverythingreturnedtonormal.答案：Ⅰ.1.doing2.admitted3.complaining4.before5.beforeⅡ.6.when7.forgetting8.playing9.hadfailed10.beforeBook1Unit2Englisharoundtheworld
1.evenif引导让步状语从句，相当于eventhough，意为“即使；尽管”NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish(即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同)．(教材P10)(1)evenif/eventhough通常引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管”，所引导的从句常用一般现在时表示将来。在主、从句主语相同且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，也可采用省略结构。(2)evenso“即使如此；尽管这样”。2.itis/was＋adj.(＋forsb)＋todosth“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”Itisnoteasy(是不容易的)foraChinesepersontospeak(说)EnglishaswellasanativeEnglishspeaker.(教材P11)3.“nosuch＋可数名词单数”意为“没有这样的……”Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish(没有像标准英语这样的东西)．(教材P13)句中“nosuch＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“notsucha(n)＋单数名词”。“nosuch＋单数名词＋as...”意为“没有像……这样的……”。(1)such与a/an连用时要放在a/an的前面；与all,no,some,any,few,little,many,much,several,one等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。(2)such＋that...如此……以至于……(3)such...as...“像……这样的……”，as在句中引导定语从句。4.This/Thatisbecause...“这/那是因为……”Thisisbecause(这是因为)intheearlydaysofradio,thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.(教材P13)5.theway作先行词后接定语从句，且引导词在从句中作方式状语时，关系词可以为：that,inwhich或关系词可省略However,onTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak(人们说话的方式).(教材P13)练习：Ⅰ.在空白处填入适当的词或者所给词的适当形式。1.It'ssuchadifficultproblemwecan'tworkout.2.It'ssuchadifficultproblemwecan'tworkitout.3.Ifyouhavedifficulty(read),askaboutspecialreadingopportunities.4.Thecompositionisnotwellwritten,andmoreover,therearemany(spell)mistakesinit.5.Couldyoubuymethesamebookyouboughtyourselfyesterday?Ⅱ.在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。1．(open)in1987,Futuroscopeisoneofthelargestspace-ageparksthroughouttheworld.Everythinghere2．(develop)byscienceandthemostadvancedtechnology,suchas3-Dcinemas,giantmoviescreens,
hands-onlearningandsoon.Itis3．(amaze)thatyoucangetclosetopartsoftheworldandhavemanyopportunitiestoexperience.Itisofgreat4．(important)toplanyourtripsoastovisitasmanyattractionsaspossible.ToreachChildren’sWorld,takealeftturningafterthemainentrance.Children’sWorldwillbeonyouright5．afewminutes’walk.Here,carracingisoneofthe6．(popular)games.Manyadultslikethisgameastheyseemtogobacktotheirchildhood.FuturoscopeDigitalCityisanotherfavoritewithvisitors.Fromthemainentrance,takethepathontheright.ContinuewalkingpastForestofDreamsonyourleft.Verysoonyouwillsee7．.Futuroscopeistheperfectplace8．adultsandchildrencanenjoytogether.Therearevariousgood9．(service)fordifferentvisitors.Therearemanyshows,activitiesandgreatsouvenirshops.Ifyouwanttoexplorethesecretsoftheuniverse,10．(come)toFuturoscope!答案：Ⅰ.1.as2.that3.reading4.spelling5.asⅡ.1．opened2．isdeveloped3．amazing4．importance5．after6．mostpopular7．it8．where9．services10．come【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上最大的太空时代主题公园Futuroscope。1．考查非谓语动词。句意：Futuroscope于1987年开放，它是世界上最大的太空时代主题公园。句子主干为Futuroscopeisoneof...，所以open要用其非谓语形式，open与主语Futuroscope成被动关系，故用其过去分词形式。故填opened。2．考查被动语态。句意：这里所有的东西都是由科学和最新的技术制造出来的。主语everything和动词develop成被动关系。全文用一般现在时，所以空格处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填isdeveloped。3．考查形容词以及固定句型。句意：能近距离看世界并有机会去体验是一件多么棒的事情。空格前为系动词be，故空格处填形容词作表语。Itis+形容词+that从句为固定句型，意为“做某事很很棒的”。it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。故填amazing。4．考查名词和固定句型。句意：为了能参观尽可能多的景点，提前安排行程是很重要的。Itisofgreatimportancetodosth为固定句型，相当于Itisimportanttodosth意为“做某事是很重要的”。of为介词，后面要加名词或者动名词。故填importance。5．考查介词。句意：走几分钟的路程后，你就能在右手侧看到儿童世界。根据空格前后逻辑可判断，这里指走一段路后可以看到儿童世界。故填after。6．考查形容词最高级。句意：赛车是这里最受欢迎的游戏之一。one
of+形容词最高级+名词为固定用法，意为“最……之一”。popular的最高级为themostpopular，故填mostpopular。7．考查代词it。句意：Futuroscope数码城是游客们的另一项最爱的项目。从主入口进入，走右手边，一直走，路过你左手边的梦想森林。一会儿就能看到它了。根据句意可知，这几句话在告诉游客如何到Futuroscope数码城。空格处指代前面已经提到的Futuroscope数码城，故填it。8．考查定语从句引导词。句意：Futuroscope是大人小孩一起玩耍的最完美的地方。分析句子结构可知，先行词为place，先行词在后面的从句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where来引导定语从句。故填where。9．考查名词复数。句意：公园里有各种很好的娱乐项目来满足不同的游客。由Therearevarious可知空格处要填名词复数形式。下一句中shows,activitiesandgreatsouvenirshops是空格处单词的具体例子。service这里用作可数名词，表示公园里的游乐项目。故填services。10．考查祈使句。句意：如果你想探索宇宙的奥秘，那就来Futuroscope吧！分析句意可知，空格所在句子为祈使句，空格处填动词原形。故填come。Book1Unit3Traveljournal1.eversince与现在完成时连用Eversincemiddleschool(从上中学那时起),mysisterWangWeiandIhavedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.(教材P18)2.强调句型：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分Itwasmysisterwho(是我的姐姐)firsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfromwhereitbeginstowhereitends.(教材P18)强调句型的结构基本句式Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分一般疑问句Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词＋is/wasit＋that＋句子其他成分？not...until句型的强调句Itis/wasnotuntil＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他成分 判断是否为强调句型的方法：若去掉itis/was和that/who之后，该句子仍然完整，则为强调句型，否则就不是。强调句型结构经常与其他从句混合考查，因此要分析句型结构，判断是否是强调句型中的that之后再确认答案。Itisonthefarmwhereweworkedtogetherthatwegottoknoweachother.我们是在我们一起工作的农场逐渐认识彼此的。分析：where引导定语从句，修饰farm，后面的that是强调句型中的that，该句强调的是地点状语onthefarm。
①Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itisatthehotelthatthecoachpicksuptourists.②ItwaswhenwewerereturninghomethatIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.③直到作为交流生去了美国他才意识到学好英语的重要性。ItwasnotuntilhewenttoAmericaasanexchangestudentthatherealizedtheimportanceoflearningEnglishwell.3.insist(坚持要求)＋that从句(从句中谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)Althoughshedidn'tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetrip(她坚持要求组织这次旅行)properly.(教材P18)从句语气意义insist(vt.)虚拟语气，谓语动词常用(should＋)动词原形坚决要求；坚持主张陈述语气坚决认为；坚持说①Imightfail,butanyhowIinsiston/upondoingit.Ineverloseheart.②这位女士坚持说她没有做错事并坚决要求应该得到适当的对待。Theladyinsistedthatshehaddonenothingwrongandthatshe(should)betreatedproperly.4.主语＋be＋adj.＋todo(动词不定式的主动形式表达被动含义)WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreathe(呼吸空气会很困难)anditwouldbeverycold,shesaiditwouldbeaninterestingexperience.(教材P18)其中theair是breathe的逻辑宾语，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：①表语是表性质的形容词②主语是todo的逻辑宾语(1)常用形容词有：difficult,hard,easy,comfortable,pleasant,interesting,exciting等。(2)不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词。①汤姆很难相处。Tomisnoteasytoplease;asaresult,heishard/difficulttogetalongwith.（此处易出改错）5.once作连词，意为“一旦……就……”Onceshehadmadeuphermind(她一旦下了决心),nothingcanchangeit.(教材P18)(1)once用作连词时，意为“一旦……就……”，引导时间状语从句。从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。(2)once用作副词时，意为“曾经；一度；从前；一次”。(3)once引导的从句中的主语若与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且从句的谓语动词是be的某种形式，则可将从句中的主语和be动词省略，构成省略句。①一旦造成损失，这些农田要花费很多年才能恢复过来。
Oncethedamageisdone，itwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover.②一旦发现，任何错误都必须加以改正。Once(itis)found，anymistakemustbecorrected.6.canhardly/notwaittodosth“迫不及待做某事”Wecanhardlywaittosee(迫不及待地想要见到)them！(教材P22)练习：Ⅰ.在空白处填入适当的词或者所给词的适当形式。1.ThereisnodenyingthattheInternetisgreatuseinourdailylife.2.Fullusemustbemadeofeveryminute(goover)ourlessonswiththefinalexaminationcoming3.Theboyinsistedthathe(be)innocentandheprovidedawitnessforthejudges.4.Itellmymomthatifwe'reforcedtoeatthings,wemaybecomeill.Butsheinsistsuseatinghealthyfood.5.Healsoinsistedthatthey(leave)enoughspaceforchildren.6.Culturalconflictsinhistoryaredifficult(ignore)．7.Youshouldacceptthatthepersonisnot(rely)andfindcreativewaystoworksuccessfullyregardlessofhowyourcolleaguefailstodohisjobwell.8.Itwassciencebookshelpusunderstandsciencebetterandarouseourcuriosityaboutscientificdiscoveries.Ⅱ.在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Igainalotofrewardingexperiencesfromsomesocialactivities.OurlocalCommunityYouthClubisaverypopularorganizationwithyoungpeopleinmytown.IhavebeenamemberforfouryearsnowandI’vetakenpartinalotofinterestingprojects,1．includefunactivitiessuchasholidaycampsanddiscos.Wehaveorganizedsportscompetitionsandwehaveevenmadeavideo.Butitisn’talljustenjoyment,wehavealsostarteddoingsocialworktohelppeopleinourneighborhood.We2．(organize)activitiesforsmallchildrenduringtheholidays.Wehavealsoformedaspecialsupportgrouptohelpyoungpeoplestop3．(smoke).Weareparticularlyproudofthemostrecentgroupwehavecreated.Itorganizesregularvisits4．thelocaloldpeople’shome.Myclassspentanafternoonatahomeandeveryonefoundthevisitveryrewarding.Theoldpeopletherewere5．(talk)andtheytoldustheirpersonalstories6．(cheer).Duringourvisit,thehomewasfilledwith7．(laugh).Butwerealizedthatlifewasn’talwayseasy.Someofthemwereinpoorhealthandwerevery8．(happy).Manyyoungpeoplelikemedonotlivewithourgrandparentsandwehavelittlecontactwithelderlypeople.
Asaresult,manyyoungpeopledon’tknow9．theyarelike.Afterthisvisit,myfriendsandIdecidedthatweshoulddo10．tohelpimprovethequalityoftheirlives.答案：Ⅰ.1.of2.togoover3.was4.on5.(should)leave6.toignore7.reliable8.thatⅡ.1.which2．haveorganized3．smoking4．to5．talkative6．cheerfully7．laughter8．unhappy9．what10．Something【分析】本文主要讲的是作者参与社区活动的感受。1．which考查非限制性定语从句关系词。非限制性定语从句，先行词是projects（工程），是事物，从句中缺少主语，要用关系代词，故填which。非限制性定语从句不用that作先行词。2．haveorganized考查动词。句意：我们已经在假期为小孩子组织了一些活动。要用现在完成时态，与后边的现在完成时态havealsoformed是并列的，故填haveorganized。3．smoking考查动名词。固定搭配：stopdoingsth.(停止做某事)，所以用stopsmoking（停止吸烟），故填smoking。4．to考查介词。固定搭配：visitto（对……的参观），其中visit是名词，to是介词，故填to。5．talkative考查形容词。句意：那里的老人是很健谈的。形容词talkative（健谈的）作表语，故填talkative。6．cheerfully考查副词。副词cheerfully（高兴地）作状语，修饰谓语动词，故填cheerfully。7．laughter考查名词。介词后边加名词laughter（笑声）作宾语，意为“带着笑声”，故填laughter。8．unhappy考查形容词。句意：但我们意识到生活并不总是那么容易。有些人身体不好，而且很不高兴。所填词要与inpoorhealth一致，都要表示不好的方面，故填unhappy。9．what考查连接词。句意：因此，许多年轻人不知道他们是什么样的。宾语从句，连接词在从句中作介词like的宾语，根据句意故填what。10．something考查代词。句意：我决定做某些事情去帮助提高他们的生活质量。不定代词something（某事）作动词do的宾语，故填something。Book1Unit4Earthquakes1.too...to...“太……而不能……”Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat(紧张得不想吃食)．(教材P26)too...to...“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义，而在下列情况中表示肯定意义：(1)only/just/buttoo...to...“非常……去做……”too前的only/just/but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气。
(2)too后面的形容词为表示心情或描绘性形容词的时候，如：happy,pleased,willing,thankful,delighted,anxious,eager,kind,good等，表示肯定意义。(3)too...to...中的too前面有never/can't等时，此结构为双重否定表示肯定。can't...too.../can't...enough“越……越好；再……也不为过”。①正如那句老话：“活到老，学到老”。Justasanoldsayinggoes：“Itisnevertoooldtolearn.”②他非常高兴地接受了你的邀请。Heisonlytoodelighted/happytoacceptyourinvitation.③在开车时，你越小心越好。Youcan'tbetoocareful/can'tbecarefulenoughwhiledrivingacar.2.lookingfor...是现在分词短语作伴随状语Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide(找地方藏身)．(教材P26)3.Itseems/seemedasif...“看起来好像……”Itseemedasif(看起来好像)theworldwasatanend！(教材P26)与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用haddone与将来事实相反从句谓语动词用would/could/might/shoulddo 如果asif引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词的某种形式，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，这样asif后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词(短语)。①Whenapencilispartlyputintoaglassofwater,itlooksasifitwerebroken.②Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened．③Shewalkedhereandthereontheplaygroundasiflookingforsomething.4.leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents(成了孤儿)．(教材P26)5.everywhere用作连词，引导让步状语从句Everywheretheylooked(人们无论朝哪里看)nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.(教材P26)6.all...not表示部分否定Allhopewasnot(并不是所有的希望)lost.(教材P26)(1)英语中的all,both,each,every,everybody,everything,completely,always,whole,entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词或副词与否定词not连用时，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。(2)英语中的no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,noone,nowhere,nomore,nolonger,noway等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。both的全部否定为neither;all的全部否定为none;either与否定词连用表全部否定。
①Hehadlosthiscourageandhishealthinthewarandneverfoundeitherofthemagain.②Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon'tagreewitheverything.练习：Ⅰ.在空白处填入适当的词或者所给词的适当形式。1．Aftereveryoneconcernedwereseated,therewasaceremonyofraisingthe(nation)flag,whichmadeusexcited.2．Joneswas(shock)whenshesaidthatshedidn'tactuallymindbeingcheated.3．Susanbursttearsafterherbaby'soperationbecauseshewasmoved.4．Aftertheirmotherlefttheroom,thechildrensatthinkingaboutBernard.“Iwishwecouldhelphimtoearnmoney，”saidClara.“Hisfamilyis(suffer)somuch.”5．Everyyearover500,000childrendiefromdiarrhoea(腹泻)from(dirt)water.6．Mary'sdescriptionofthepartywassovividthatIfeltasifI(be)there.7.Themanonthestreetinterviewisaninterviewinwhicha(report)hitsthestreetswithacameramantointerviewpeopleonthespot.8．“Haveaniceday！”maybeapleasantgestureorameaningless(express)．Ⅱ.语法填空（在空白处填入适当的词或者所给词的适当形式）。StrangethingsappearedbeforetheTangshanearthquake1．(happen).Forthreedaysthewaterinthevillagewellsbecamehigherandthenlower.Thewellwallshaddeepcracks2．them.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.Someanimalsincludingfish,3．(mouse)behavedstrangely.Otherstrangethingsalsohappenedinthecity,4．peoplethoughtlittleoftheseeventsandtheysleptasusual.5．(final)aterribleearthquakehitthecityofTangshanonJuly28,1976,inwhichmorethan240,000peoplediedaridmany6．(injure).Manyhousesfelldownandsandfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peopleweregreatlyshocked.Ailtheelectricityinthecitywascutoffandpeoplebegan7．(wonder)howlongthedisasterwouldlast.Thewholecitywascompletelydestroyedandtheworldseemedtobeatanend.Itwasthe8．(big)earthquakeofthe20thcentury,whichevenBeijingcouldfeel.However,thepeopleofTangshandidn’tlosehope,because150,000soldiersweresenttohelptherescueworkers.Thesoldierstriedtheirbesttodigoutthose9．weretrapped.TheyalsoImillsheltersforthe10．(survive).Freshwaterwastakentothecitybyeverymeans.Slowly,thecitybegantocomebacktolife.答案：Ⅰ.1.national2.shocked3.into4.suffering5.dirty6.hadbeen7.reporter8.expressionⅡ.1．happened2．in3．mice4．but5．Finally6．wereinjured7．towonder8．biggest9．who10．survivors
【分析】本文描述了唐山地震发生前的迹象以及地震带来的灾害等情况。1．考查动词时态。由首句信息可知此处描述的是发生在过去的事情，故用happened。2．考查介词。表示墙上有裂缝时应用介词in。3．考查名词复数。空前没有限定词修饰，故应用复数形式。mouse的复数形式为mice。4．考查连词。由语境可知上下文之间为转折关系，故用but表示转折。5．考查词形转换。修饰整个句子应用所给词的副词形式。故答案为Finally。6．考查时态和语态。本文叙述的事情发生在过去，且句子主语和动词injure之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案为wereinjured。7．考查非谓语动词。空处表示人们的心理活动，故应用动词不定式。begintodosth.意为“开始做某事”。所以答案为towonder。8．考查形容词的最高级。由冠词the以及语境可知应用最高级。故答案为biggest。9．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句指代先行词those，并在从句中作主语，故用who。10．考查词形转换。此处应用名词作介词for的宾语，再由语境可知应用复数形式。故答案为survivors。Book1Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero1.在“thefirst(＋n./pron.)＋todo”结构中，不定式作后置定语Hewasthefirstmantolandonthemoon(第一位登上月球的人)inJuly1969.(教材P33)2.Thiswasatimewhen...“这是一个……的时期”However,thiswasatimewhen(这是一个……的时期)onehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.(教材P34)3.stage表示抽象的地点时，常接where引导的定语从句Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewhere(……的阶段)wehavealmostnorightsatall.(教材P34)(1)where引导定语从句，修饰先行词stage。当先行词是stage,situation,case,position,point,family等词，且从句中不缺少主语和宾语时，将以上词看作抽象地点，因而关系词常为where或inwhich。occasion作先行词，且从句中不缺主语和宾语时，若意为“时刻”，则选用关系副词when；若意为“场合”，则选用关系副词where。(2)see表示“经历，发生”。see,find,witness等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。该句是一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。
①Theoldtemplehasseengreatchangesofthevillageinthepasttwohundredyears.②Thelastthirtyyearshavewitnessedalargenumberoflawsguaranteeingusourrights.4.only加状语置于句首，后面的句子要部分倒装...onlythendidwedecideto(直到那时我们才决定)answerviolencewithviolence.(教材P34)only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。(1)“only＋从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。(2)only放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。①只有当他告诉我这个消息时，我才知道了真相。OnlywhenhetoldmeaboutthenewsdidIknowthetruth.②只有这样我们才能生活在更舒服更美好的环境中。Onlyinthiswaycanweliveinmorecomfortableandbeautifulsurroundings.③只有那些接受这个现实的人才能过上真正充实的生活。Onlythosewhoacceptthisrealitycanlead/liveareallyfulllife.5.thefirsttime引导时间状语从句IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup(我第一次给旅行团作讲解时)．(教材P38)(1)名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：＝assoonas一……就……(2)有些副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，如：instantly,immediately,directly等，相当于assoonas。(3)hardly/scarcely...when...以及nosooner...than...意为“一……就……”，从句常用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，且hardly/scarcely/nosooner位于句首时，要用部分倒装。要注意thefirsttime与forthefirsttime的区别：thefirsttime用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当第一次……的时候”；而forthefirsttime是介词短语，只能用作状语，不可用来引导状语从句，意为“第一次”。①Becareful!Themachinestartsthemomentyoupressthebutton.②HardlyhadIgottotheofficewhenmywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.④ThefirsttimeIinterviewedhim,helookedabitnervous.练习：Ⅰ.在空白处填入适当的词或者所给词的适当形式。1.OnlythenIrealizehowimportantsuchalittlethingascleaningthehousewas.2.Onlybyunderstandingandlearningfromeachothercanwe(spend)thosebeautifuldaystogetherhappily.3.Youcan'timaginethetroubleIhad(persuade)himtochangehismind.4.Anditisagoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveand(hopeful)presents.5.Thereareusuallynoplanned(active)likegamesatahousewarmingparty.
1.Nosoonerhadshesaiditsheburstintotears.Ⅱ.语法填空（在空白处填入适当的词或者所给词的适当形式）。Onedayayoungmanwaswalkingalongtheroadwhenheheardacry.Itseemed1．(come)frombeneathabridge.Asheapproached(走近)thebridge,thesoundgotlouderandthenhesaw2．pitifulsight.There,3．(lie)inthemuddyriverbedwasalittledogabouttwomonthsold,4．frontlegsweretightlytiedwithropes.Ithadwoundsonitshead,5．(cover)withmud.Theyoungmanwantedtohelpthedog,butasheK.approached,thedogstartedtobark.Theyoungmandidnotgiveup.Hesatdownandstarted6．(gentle)talkingtothedog.Ittookalongtimebuteventuallythedog7．(stop)barkingandthemanwasabletotouchit.Theyoungmancarriedthedoghome,cared8．itswounds,andgaveitfoodandwater.Evenwithallofthis,thedogwasstill9．(friend)everytimetheyoungmanapproached.Weekswentbyandthemancontinuedattendingtothedog.Thenoneday,astheyoungmanapproached,thedogwagged(摇尾巴)itstail.Itwasloveand10．(kind)thatwonalifelongfriendshipofloyalty.答案：Ⅰ.1.did2.spend3.persuading4.hopefully5.activities6.thanⅡ.1．tobecoming2．a3．lying4．whose5．covered6．gently7．stopped8．for9．unfriendly10．kindness【分析】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了一个年轻人用他的爱与善意赢得了小狗永恒的忠诚的故事。1．考查动词不定式的进行式。seemtodosth.为固定用法。根据下文内容可知，叫声还在继续，表示动作的正在进行应用不定式的进行式。2．考查冠词。sight在此处意为“情景”，为可数名词，且其前没有限定词，又因为pitiful的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。3．考查倒装句。这是一个倒装句，还原后正常语序为：Alittledogabouttwomonthsoldwaslyinginthemuddyriverbed。故空处填lying。4．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句并在从句中作定语，故填whose。5．考查非谓语动词。cover...with...“用……覆盖……”，是固定短语。分析句子结构可知，cover与It之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此应用动词-ed形式。6．考查副词。动词应由副词修饰，因此填gently。7．考查动词的时态。根据空前的took可知，这里应用一般过去时。
8．考查固定短语。carefor表示“照顾，照料”，符合语境。9．考查词形转换。尽管年轻人做了这一切，但他每次靠近小狗时，小狗仍然不友好。由句中的Even，still可知，应用unfriendly，表示“不友好的”。10．考查词形转换。空处和前面的love并列，应用名词，故填kindness。
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