专题二 代词
-2-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgiveitatry.2.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofindthem(they)alive.3.(2018·浙江卷)ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.4.(2017·浙江卷)“ShethoughtIhadhurtmyself(I),”saysPahlsson.5.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusingiteveryday.
-3-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)They(Myparents)wouldsaytousthatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.us→me2.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)Ihaddonemyselfhomework,butIwasshy.myself→my/the3.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.all→both4.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.your→my
-4-高考感悟考点归纳考点一人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
-5-高考感悟考点归纳注意①形容词性物主代词通常用作定语,修饰名词。如:herfather她的父亲②“of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格。如:afriendofmine我的一个朋友
-6-高考感悟考点归纳考点二it的用法1.指代时间、距离、自然现象等。Itishalfpasttwonow.(指时间)Itis6milestothenearesthospital.(指距离)Itisverycoldintheroom.(指温度)2.指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。—Who’sthatatthedoor?—Itisthemilkman.(it指代性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人)—I’vebrokenaplate.—It(=Breakingtheplate)doesn’tmatter.(it指前面所提到过的事情)
-7-高考感悟考点归纳3.it可以用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把从句、动词-ing形式和不定式充当的真正的主语或宾语放在后面。Itissaidthatallofthemhavegonetothecinema.Nomatterwhereheis,hemakesitaruletogooutforawalkbeforebreakfast.4.enjoy,like,love,dislike,hate,don’tmind,befondof,feellike,seeto等动词(短语)后面的宾语从句前要加it。Ihateitthatyouleavethedooropen.我讨厌你把门开着。5.用于某些固定结构。如makeit;getit;seetoitthat;putit。HowshallIputit?我该怎么说呢?
-8-高考感悟考点归纳考点三替代词it,one,ones,theone,theones,that,those1.it特指上文所提到的同一事物,它所代替的名词常由the,this,that等修饰。one泛指上文提到的同类事物中的一个,不特指,相当于“a/an+单数名词”;ones泛指上文提到的同类事物的复数名词;theone特指前面的可数名词单数,有时可以用that来代替(尤其是后面有后置定语时);theones特指上文提到的复数名词,有时可以用those代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下。that特指前面出现的单数名词或不可数名词,相当于“the+可数名词单数/不可数名词”;that的复数形式为those,替代可数名词复数,既可指人也可指物。
-9-高考感悟考点归纳YesterdayIlostmypenandIcouldn’tfindit.SoIhadtobuyone.(it指代mypen;one替代apen)Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthose/theonesunderthedesk.(those/theones替代thebooks)Nopleasurecanequalthatofacooldrinkonahotday.(that替代pleasure)
-10-高考感悟考点归纳2.that和one的主要区别that既可替代可数名词单数,也可替代不可数名词,常有后置定语,一般不指人,复数形式为those;one只能替代可数名词单数,复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时,只能用one,不用that。当of短语做可数名词单数的后置定语时,用that,不用one。Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthanthatinsomelargerschools.(that替代thequalityofeducation)Ifyou’rebuyingtoday’spaperfromthestand,couldyougetoneforme?(one替代apaper一份报纸)
-11-高考感悟考点归纳考点四指示代词指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,有this,that,these,those。this,that是单数,these,those是复数。指示代词可以在句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。Iwantthisbook,notthatbook.Iliketheseandhelikethose.TheweatherinShanghaiisnotsocoldasthatinBeijing.
-12-高考感悟考点归纳考点五all,both,either,neither,each和none1.both(两者都),either(两者中的任何一个),neither(两者都不)。以上这些词的使用范围为两者。JohnandMaryhavebothwontheprizes.Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,butneithercontainedanyusefulsuggestions.I’velivedinNewYorkandChicago,butdon’tlikeeitherofthemverymuch.2.both与复数名词连用,either与单数名词连用。Thereareflowersonbothsidesofthestreet.Thereareflowersoneithersideofthestreet.
-13-高考感悟考点归纳3.all(所有的,全部的人或物),any(任何一个),none(都不)。以上词的使用范围均为三者或三者以上。Allthestudentsinmyclasslikeourteachers.AlthoughRosemaryhadsufferedfromaseriousillnessforyears,shelostnoneofherenthusiasmforlife.4.each可指两者,也可指两者以上。Theyeachhaveacar.
-14-高考感悟考点归纳考点六no,none,nobody和nothing1.no不能单独使用,相当于nota或notany,做定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。Hehasnoworryaboutsafety.2.none既可以指人,也可以指物,侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物,可与介词of连用,用于回答howmany/much引导的疑问句。—Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?—None.
-15-高考感悟考点归纳3.nobody指人,用于回答who引导的疑问句;nothing指物,用于回答what引导的疑问句。ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,butnobodyknowsthedateforsure.—Whatareyoudoing?—Nothing.
-16-高考感悟考点归纳考点七another,other,theother和others1.another既可以单独使用,也可以用于单数名词前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用于“another+数词+复数名词”中,表示“再,又”。Recyclingisonewaytoprotecttheenvironment;reusingisanother.Youhavetowaitforanotherthreeweeks.2.other可用作形容词,意思为“别的,其他的”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”。Youcanaskotherpeopletohelpyou.3.theother指两个人或物中的“另一个”,不能用another,此时other为代词。Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher;theotherisadoctor.
-17-高考感悟考点归纳4.theother后可接可数名词单数也可接可数名词复数,不接不可数名词。此时other为形容词。Ontheothersideofthestreet,thereisatalltree.Heistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.5.others是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个;其他的”。others表示复数意义,相当于“other+复数名词”,但不能做定语;theothers相当于“theother+复数名词”,指剩下的全部。Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.
-18-高考感悟考点归纳考点八复合不定代词everyone/everybody意为“每个人”;someone/somebody意为“某人,有人”,其特殊含义是“有价值的人或者重要的人”;anybody意为“任何人,无论谁”;nobody意为“没有人,无人,谁也不”,还可指“无名之辈”。everything意为“每件事,所有事物”;something意为“某事/物”,其特殊含义是“大致……左右,有价值的或者重要的事物”;anything意为“任何事物”;nothing意为“没有;无关紧要的事物”。
-19-高考感悟考点归纳Somebodyhasparkedhiscarrightinfrontofmine.Hewassuchafasttalkerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim.—Haveyoufiguredouthowmuchthetripwillcost?—$4,000,orsomethinglikethat.Asmilecostsnothing,butgivesmuch.常见搭配:nothingbut只不过anythingbut绝不;根本不somethingof有点儿……;在某种程度上是nothingtodowith和……没关系fornothing免费;白白地;白费;无缘无故地
-20-高考感悟考点归纳考点九部分否定与全部否定all,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及“every+名词”都表示全部肯定。none,noone,nobody,nothing,neither,notany以及“no+名词”均表示全部否定;但当not与表示全部肯定的不定代词连用时,不管not的位置在其前还是其后,都表示部分否定。Noneofthemsmoke.Nowordscanexpressmyanger.Suchapersoncan’tbefoundeverywhere.(部分否定)Notallthestudentshavereadthebook.(部分否定)
-21-ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅠ.单句填空1.Wecanallhelpeachotherandmakeourselves(we)andthisworldabetterplace.2.Thetrafficonthemainstreetshasalongergreensignalthanthatonthesmallones.3.LarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,butneitherofthemwantsto,becausetheyhaveworktodo.4.Susanmadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.5.Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whileinothers,knivesandforks.6.Don’tdoanythingthatshouldgoagainsthiswill.
-22-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ7.Anaverageofjust18.75cmofrainfelllastyear,makingitthedriestyearsinceCaliforniabecameastatein1850.8.—WhenshallIcall,inthemorningorafternoon?—Either.I’llbeinallday.9.I’dappreciateitifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.10.Toherjoy,Dellaearnedfirstthetrustofherstudentsandthenthatofhercolleagues.11.It’saneither-orsituation—wecanbuyanewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecan’tdoboth.12.She’dlivedinLondonandManchesterbutshelikedneitherandmovedtoCambridge.
-23-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ13.Atourfactorythereareafewmachinessimilartothosedescribedinthismagazine.14.Whenhetookhisglovesoff,Inoticedthateachonehadhisnamewritteninside.15.Ipreferthelargeboxtothesmallone.
-24-ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅡ.单句改错1.OfallthesubjectsIlikeEnglishbest.Ihadbeenlearningthemforelevenyears.them→it2.John,mySpanishteacher,said,“Takeeasy;itisjustasmallquiz.”在easy前加it3.Someofthehouseshavebathroomsbutmuchdonot.much→many4.Itwasthefirsttimehefelthehadachievedsomethingbyhim.him→himself5.SuzhouisnotfarfromShanghai,soyoucaneasilyvisitallinaday.all→both
-25-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ6.Mrs.Zhang,whoisournewteacher,issoconcernedaboutusthatweareallfondofhim.him→her7.Itwassuchasmallthingtohavecausedsomanytrouble.many→much8.FromthereIsawthebullkickingmyfoodbagwiththeirfeet.their→its9.ChinaisbiggerthananyotherscountryinAsia.others→other
-26-ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅢ.语篇填空Emilysitsbyherdesk.Shestudiesforanexam.Actually,sheforces1.herselftostudyforthatexam,sincewhatshereallywantstodoisgooutsideandplaysoccer!HerfriendKellyisbyherwindow.Shethrowsalittlestoneatitandthencalls,“Isthere2.anybody/anyonehome?”“Yes,Iamhere!”Emilyanswers.“Thisissounfair!Iwanttobeoutsidewith3.youandnotherewiththeseboringbooklets(小册子)!”“Whateveryouaredoingwiththoseboringbooklets,youshouldcomeoutandplaywithus!”Kellycallsback.
-27-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ“Ican’tdo4.that,”Emilysayssadly.“Thisexamof5.mineistomorrow,sonowIneedtostudyforit.”ShetakesthestonethatKellythrewin,andsendsitflyingoutside.Thensheclosesthewindow.Sheknowsthateverybodyelsehasstudiedalready,andnow6.allofthemareplayingoutside.“Well,”shethinkstoherself,“itismytest,andImyselfhavetostudyforit.IknowthatKellywantstohelpme,butnotthistime.Wecanhelp7.eachotherwithotherthings.”Shetakesanotherlookathertwobooklets.Shetriestoreadapageofthefirstbooklet,andthenapageofthe8.other.Bothareboring.“9.Neitherofyouisinteresting!”shetellsthemseriously.“WhatcanIdo?”shethinkstoherself.“Ireallyhaveenough!”
-28-ⅠⅡⅢⅣSuddenly,agreatideacomestohermind.“Iknow!”shethinks.“I’llmakeadrawingofeverythingIread!Iliketodraw,anddrawingswillmakeitinteresting!”Shegrabsherpencilandhappilybeginstodraw.Moreandmoreisdrawnonhernotebook,andaftertwohoursshefinishesherbooklets.Sheistiredbuthappy,andshecanfinallygoouttoplay.“Whereis10.everybody/everyone?”sheasksherself.Emilynoticesitisdarkalready.“Iguesstheyallwenthome...”Suddenlyherdoorbellrings.Kellyandtherestofherfriendsarethere.Theyarealltiredandtheywanttowatchamovietogether.Emilyisveryhappy.Shecannowenjoyamoviewithherfriends!
-29-ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅣ.短文改错Thismorningwasveryunusuallyforme.Mycarwasrunintobythewoman’scar.Asaresult,neithermycarnorhercarwasdrivable.Luckily,noonehurt.Rememberingallthestoriesofkindnessandloveourteacheroncetellsus,Ididn’tgetangrywiththispoorwomanwhomwascrying.However,Iinvitedherintomycartowarmupsinceitwasfreezingoutside.Wechattedwithwhilewaitingforthepolice.Shesoonstoppedcryandweendedupsayinggoodbyewithsmile.I’mgladtohavekeptkindnessinmyheart.Withoutthem,thismorningcouldhavegoneverydifferently.
-30-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案:第一句:unusually→unusual第二句:the→a第四句:hurt前加was第五句:tell→told;whom→who/that第六句:However→Instead第七句:去掉with第八句:cry→crying;smile→smiles第十句:them→it
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