专题三 阅读理解
篇章分析解题步骤
篇章分析解题步骤
篇章分析解题步骤1.体裁各有所重从上面的表格中可以看出,全国卷阅读理解考查全面,体裁涉及应用文、说明文、记叙文和议论文四种体裁,但在2019年全国Ⅱ和全国Ⅲ和2018年全国Ⅰ和全国Ⅱ中都没有出现记叙文。考生在练习四大体裁的文章时,要有所侧重。2.细节决定成败根据上面的表格可以看出,题目设置以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,兼顾主旨大意题和词义猜测题。准确理解细节不但有助于提高细节理解题的得分率,而且也是做好推理判断题的前提。因此,细节决定成败!
篇章分析解题步骤3.题材丰富且具有时代性阅读理解选材涵盖人与自然(如2019全国Ⅱ的D篇——美国国家航空航天局HUNCH计划)、人与社会(如2019全国Ⅰ的A篇——面向学生的暑期工作公告、人与自我(如2019全国Ⅰ的B篇——Canaan小学二年级开展总统竞选演讲)三大主题,更加注重将学科素养的考核融入对语言能力的考查中,充分体现了高考坚持立德树人、提升综合素养的根本宗旨。
篇章分析解题步骤1.阅读为王,词汇先行没有语言基础知识,就无法进行阅读与理解。高考求稳求变,要夯实词汇基础和培养阅读理解能力,以不变应万变。除了扎实掌握好词的音、形、性、义、用等基本要素外,还要注意词义拓展、熟词生义等变化,真正过好词汇关。2.既要“快”,又要“准”在准确把握文章整体、细节以及严密推理的基础上,尽量提高阅读速度,而不是单纯地追求阅读速度。在阅读中,对于不影响语篇理解的无关紧要的词汇就“跳过去”;对影响语篇理解的生词拦路虎要“猜出来”。3.准确定位、同义替换、顺序对应在解答阅读理解题时,不论遇到哪种题型,只要将“准确定位、同义替换、顺序对应”等解题技巧做到熟练运用,就能事半功倍。
考点一考点二考点三考点四细节理解题【阅卷寄语】细节理解题分为直接细节理解题、间接细节理解题和概括细节理解题,在高考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大。这类题目相对来说比较简单,只要找准题干中的关键词,在文中找到题目的信息区间,仔细比对,就能得出答案,因此对这类题目要做到读得快、答得准,力争不丢分,保住基本分才能得高分。
考点一考点二考点三考点四满分流程:步骤规范,定位精准看题干,找关键词➡据关键,标出信息源(即含有信息的那一段或那一句:重点词语,如数字、地名等)➡1.根据某句话、某个小段或某个表格选出答案。2.寻找相邻信息,根据同一段中的几句话选出答案。3.寻找篇章信息,根据不同的段落选出答案。
考点一考点二考点三考点四(一)直接细节理解题典题感悟(2019全国Ⅰ,A节选)...SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15-29,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear....21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.B直接细节理解题。题干关键词为“SummerCompany”。由此定位到SummerCompany部分,根据该部分的内容可知,SummerCompany为创业者提供奖金。选项中的“runningnewbusinesses”对应原文中的“startandruntheirownsummerbusinesses”。D项属于无中生有。
考点一考点二考点三考点四22.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15-18.B.15-24.C.15-29.D.16-17.D直接细节理解题。题干关键词为“StewardshipYouthRangerProgram”以及“age”。由此定位到StewardshipYouthRangerProgram中的“Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.”由此可知答案。
考点一考点二考点三考点四状元笔记利用题干关键词复现锁定信息源直接信息题多采用原文中的信息直接进行考查。做题时,可以先从问题中找到关键词,然后以此为线索,运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节,找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍,比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。当问到what,when,which,where等具体信息时,往往有accordingtotheauthor/passage这样的限制语,回答时,一定以文章所谈到的内容为依据,切忌凭自己的观点和经验去选择不符合文章内容的答案。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法点拨技法1.知正确选项特征,快速锁定答案(1)同义替换。指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把loseone’sjob换成beoutofwork。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,如把important改成ofimportance;有些改变原文中句子的语态,如主动语态与被动语态的转换。(2)语义转换。细节理解题的正确选项一般不出现原文中的原词原句,而是借助概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行适当变换。(3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化,变成正确选项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法2.晓干扰项面貌,避免中圈套(1)张冠李戴。是原文信息,但不是题目要求的内容。(2)无中生有。符合常识,但不是文章的内容。(3)曲解文意。与原文的内容极其相似,只是在某个细节处有些变动。(4)颠倒是非。在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。(5)正误参半。部分正确,部分错误。
考点一考点二考点三考点四(二)间接细节理解题典题感悟【典例1】(2019全国Ⅰ,A节选)NeedaJobThisSummer?...SummerEmploymentOpportunities(机会)ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.
考点一考点二考点三考点四23.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A.JobsforYouth.B.SummerCompany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.D间接细节理解题。题干关键词“thedisabled”是原文中“personswithadisability”的同义改写。根据选文最后一句“Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.”可知,SummerEmploymentOpportunities给有残疾的人提供工作优待。
考点一考点二考点三考点四【典例2】(2018全国Ⅱ,B节选)...Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC....
考点一考点二考点三考点四24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A.Theycontainprotein.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.C间接细节理解题。根据节选段最后两句“Asforcherries,theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.”可知,樱桃非常美味,这是人们喜欢樱桃的原因。选项中的“haveapleasanttaste”是对原文中“sodelicious”的同义改写。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法点拨技法.“两关注”“一留意”,间接细节零失误间接细节理解题相比直接细节理解题更有隐蔽性,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。在做间接细节理解题时,要做到“两关注”“一留意”。“两关注”:指关注正确选项的两个特征:一是同义词替换或释义,即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面,来表达相同的意思;二是对文章信息的归纳。“一留意”:是指防范干扰选项的迷惑性,错误选项常使用诸如张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非、正误参半等方式来造成句意的改变。
考点一考点二考点三考点四(三)概括细节理解题典题感悟(2018全国Ⅲ,C节选)...WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus(校园)oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves(曲线)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).Wang’sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize....
考点一考点二考点三考点四29.WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A.Itshillyenvironment.B.Itslargesize.C.Itsuniquestyle.D.Itsdiversefunctions.C概括细节理解题。根据节选的第二段尤其是句首的“ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.”可知,中国美术学院象山校区给人留下的最深刻印象是其独特的建筑风格。
考点一考点二考点三考点四30.WhatmadeWang’sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes.B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.D概括细节理解题。根据节选的最后一段中,1995年“普利兹克建筑奖”获得者TadaoAndo对王澍作品的评价“Wang’sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture”可推断出,王澍既深刻理解现代建筑,又熟悉传统,他的作品实现了古今平衡,即D项中转述的Theharmonyofoldandnew。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法点拨技法.全面分析归纳,综合事实定答案概括细节理解题要求通过思维分析将原文中比较分散或复杂的信息进行归纳概括,即要“综合事实定答案”。容易做错的原因是没有全面分析所涉及的相关信息,只是单一地、孤立地分析某句内容从而不能做出符合题干条件的选择。
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.关键词定区间在阅读题干的时候我们应该迅速把题干中的关键词标记出来,然后根据关键词回到原文当中定位相关的段落、语句。2.概括法定选项概括细节理解题可能涉及文章某一段或几段,甚至贯穿全文的各个位置,需要考生寻找文章中的多个细节,然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳文中的信息或事实,然后再看选项,挑选出和自己所归纳的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。3.排除法无失误在遇到模棱两可、难以做出选择的答案时,也可采用排除法,将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。
考点一考点二考点三考点四考点集训A组基础语篇练技法Passage1Passengerpigeons(旅鸽)werethemostcommonbirdsinallofNorthAmericainthe1800s.Itwascommontoseelargegroupsofpassengerpigeons—groupsthatmadeasoundlikeastorm.Buttoday,theyareextinctbecauseofhumanbehavior.Now,somescientistswanttobringpassengerpigeonsbacktolifebyusingnewtechnologyandscientificideas.Theycallthisprocessde-extinction.
考点一考点二考点三考点四De-extinctionhasnothappenedyet.Itisstilljustanidea.Theprocessofde-extinctionisnoteasy.First,scientistsmustcollectDNAfromthebodiesofextinctanimals.Thentheywillputitintheeggsofsimilaranimalspecies.Whentheseanimalsbecomeadults,theywillhavebabies.AndthesebabyanimalswillhavetheDNAoftheextinctanimals....
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.Inthe19thcentury,passengerpigeons.A.werecommonsightingsB.sufferedalotfromstormsC.livedmainlyinNorthAmericaD.werethelargestinAmericanhistory答案:A解析:间接细节理解题。根据第一段中的“PassengerpigeonswerethemostcommonbirdsinallofNorthAmericainthe1800s.Itwascommontoseelargegroupsofpassengerpigeons—groupsthatmadeasoundlikeastorm.”可知,19世纪时的旅鸽数目众多,且很常见。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.Whatdoweknowaboutde-extinction?A.ItwillchangetheDNAoftheextinctanimals.B.Itwasfirstusedinpassengerpigeons.C.Itisdifficulttocarryout.D.Itprovedtobeuseful.答案:C解析:概括细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theprocessofde-extinctionisnoteasy.”以及接下来具体介绍灭绝物种复活的复杂过程可知,复活灭绝物种绝非易事。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage2(2018浙江,B节选)StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers’arguments:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic....
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.B.Recyclethewastematerial.C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.答案:D解析:概括细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“...oneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.”以及第二段中的“...plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.”可知,StevenStein受雇于塑料袋生产商为塑料袋的使用提供正面的论据。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?A.Theyarequiteexpensive.B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.答案:D解析:直接细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.”可知,制作可重复利用的购物袋更耗能源,这是缺点。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage3(2018全国Ⅱ,D节选)...Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”
考点一考点二考点三考点四Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”...
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A.Showinggoodmanners.B.Relatingtootherpeople.C.Focusingonatopic.D.Makingbusinessdeals.答案:B解析:直接细节理解题。由选文第一段Carducci所说的话“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”可知,他认为与他人建立良好关系才是成功闲谈的关键。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.B.Itraisespeople’sconfidence.C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.答案:D解析:概括细节理解题。由选文第二段中的“Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelings...”可知,闲谈会使人心情很好。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage4(2019全国Ⅲ,A节选)OPENINGSANDPREVIEWSAnimalsOutofPaperYolo!ProductionsandtheGreatGriffonpresenttheplaybyRajivJoseph,inwhichanorigami(折纸术)artistinvitesateenagetalentandhisteacherintoherstudio.MerriMilwedirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.12.(WestParkPresbyterianChurch,165W.86thSt.212-868-4444.)
考点一考点二考点三考点四TheAudienceHelenMirrenstarsintheplaybyPeterMorgan,aboutQueenElizabethⅡoftheUKandherprivatemeetingswithtwelvePrimeMinistersinthecourseofsixtyyears.StephenDaldrydirects.AlsostarringDylanBakerandJudithIvey.PreviewsbeginFeb.14.(Schoenfeld,236W.45thSt.212-239-6200.)...【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四场演出的主要内容,导演,时间和地点。
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.WhatistheplaybyRajivJosephprobablyabout?A.Atypeofart.B.Ateenager’sstudio.C.Agreatteacher.D.Agroupofanimals.答案:A解析:概括细节理解题。根据AnimalsOutofPaper中的第二句“ProductionsandtheGreatGriffonpresenttheplaybyRajivJoseph,inwhichanorigamiartistinvitesateenagetalentandhisteacherintoherstudio.”和小标题Animalsoutofpaper可知,这个戏剧的内容是一种折纸艺术。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.WhoisthedirectorofTheAudience?A.HelenMirren.B.PeterMorgan.C.DylanBaker.D.StephenDaldry.答案:D解析:直接细节理解题。根据TheAudience中第二句“StephenDaldrydirects.”可知答案。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage5(2019全国Ⅱ,A节选)MyFavouriteBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.MatildaRoaldDahlIoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl’swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulworlds.Matilda’sbattleswithhercruelparentsandthebossyheadmistress,MissTrunchbull,areequallyfunnyandfrightening,butthey’realsoaspirational.
考点一考点二考点三考点四AfterDarkHarukiMurakamiIt’sabouttwosisters—Eri,amodelwhoeitherwon’torcan’tstopsleeping,andMari,ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister,Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse“nightpeople”whoarehidingsecrets.GoneGirlGillianFlynnTherewasabitofmethatdidn’twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdid,butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.There’stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It’sarealwhodunitandthefrustrationwhenyourealisewhat’sgoingonishorriblyenjoyable....
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?A.Cosmopolitan.B.Matilda.C.AfterDark.D.TheStand.答案:C解析:概括细节理解题。由AfterDark中的“It’sabouttwosister—Eri,amodelwhoeitherwon’torcan’tstopsleeping,andMari,ayoungstudent.”可知,故事讲的是两个姐妹——Eri和Mari。故选C项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?A.Afolktale.B.Abiography.C.Alovestory.D.Ahorrorstory.答案:D解析:直接细节理解题。由GoneGirl中的“...butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant”可知,但是这个恐怖的故事很精彩。所以GoneGirl讲述的是一个恐怖故事。故选D项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四B组模拟语篇提能力Passage6主题语境:人与社会——科学与技术建议用时:5’实际用时:正答率:/3(2019山东潍坊一模)
考点一考点二考点三考点四4appstohelpyoumakethemostofyourmoneyLivingonastudentbudgetcanbetough.Budgetingisessentialandit’simportanttomakesavingsinanywaypossible,soyoucanmakethemostofyourmoney.Herearesomeusefulappsforsavingmoneyasastudent.UnidaysCosttosignup:freeThisisprobablythemostwell-receivedstudentdiscountapp.It’seasytosignupandonceyouhave,allyouhavetodoisusethecodesUnidaysprovidesyouwithwhenyou’repayingin-storeorcheckingoutonline.Unidaysalsosometimesincreasesitsdiscountoffersatcertainstoresandwebsites.Keepaneyeoutfortheseincreaseddiscountstosaveyourselfsomeextracash,particularlyasChristmasisonthehorizon.
考点一考点二考点三考点四VouchercloudCosttosignup:freeVouchercloudofferssomeamazingdealsthatcannotbemissed.There’sfrequent2for1dealordiscountavailableatmanywell-knownrestaurantssuchasPizzaExpress,Frankie&Benny’sandGiraffe.Theyalsoofferdealsonhotels,citybreaksandarangeofitemssuchasRealTechniquesproducts.It’sagreatwaytosaveonChristmaspresents—theregular40%offatTheBodyShopisalwaysworthlookingoutfor!
考点一考点二考点三考点四TopCashbackCosttosignup:freeYoumayhaveseentheTVadvertsforTopCashback.WiththeTopCashbackapp,youcanviewallparticipatingstores’securitycameras.Then,allyouhavetodoiscompleteyouronlineshoppingviatheapptoreceivecashbackonanypurchasesyoumake.Forexample,ifyoubuyonlineatAmazonyoucanreceiveupto9%cashbackintoyouraccount.Itdoesn’talwaysseemlikealotofmoneybutifyoushoponlinefrequentlyitalladdsup!
考点一考点二考点三考点四TastecardCosttosignup:subscriptioncostsvary(monthlytoannualsubscriptionsavailable)EventhoughitcoststosubscribetoTastecard,thediscountsareworthit.WithaTastecard,youcanget2for1mealor50%offfoodatparticipatingrestaurants,allofwhichcanbeviewedontheapporwebsitesimplybytypinginyourpostcode.ThesediscountsareavailableatchainslikePizzaHutandBellaItaliaandalsoindependentrestaurantsacrossManchester.【语篇解读】本文属于说明文,介绍了受学生欢迎的4款省钱软件。
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostpopularwithstudents?A.Unidays.B.Vouchercloud.C.TopCashback.D.Tastecard.答案:A解析:细节理解题。根据Unidays部分中的“Thisisprobablythemostwell-receivedstudentdiscountapp.”可知,该软件是学生中接受度最高的折扣软件,故可知该软件最流行,故选A项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.WhatisspecialaboutTopCashback?A.Itcanonlybeusedinstores.B.Itcostsalotofmoneytosignup.C.NoadsforTopCashbackappearonTV.D.Onlinecashbackcanbestoredinyouraccount.答案:D解析:细节理解题。根据TopCashback中的最后两句“Forexample,ifyoubuyonlineat...onlinefrequentlyitalladdsup!”可知,通过该软件购物的话,可以返现金到软件的账户上,这是它与其他几款软件最大的区别,故选D项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四3.WhatdoesTastecardhelpyoutosavemoneyon?A.Hotels.B.Restaurants.C.Tickets.D.Presents.答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“WithaTastecard,youcanget2for1mealor50%offfoodatparticipatingrestaurants”可知,Tastecard帮助消费者在餐饮方面获得折扣,故选B项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四C组真题语篇通高考Passage7主题语境:人与社会——社会服务建议用时:6’实际用时:正答率:/4(2019全国Ⅱ,B)“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids’lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Iguessthatthere’sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon...Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”
考点一考点二考点三考点四I’msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere’srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.Inthatsense,I’mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI’dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。作者介绍了自己说服他人参与志愿者工作的经历,论述了志愿者工作的特殊意义。
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraph1?A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.B.Sheisn’tgoodatsports.C.Shejustdoesn’twanttovolunteer.D.She’sunabletomeetherschedule.答案:C解析:推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知,这位家长让作者最后再考虑她,如果没有其他人当志愿者,她才会做。由此可知,她不想做志愿者工作。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeelings.C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.答案:B解析:词义猜测题。开头提到这位家长不愿当志愿者,再根据第二段的“Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.”以及下文作者提到的两个例子可知,作者是想让她内心有所触动。对比四个选项可知,B项正确。
考点一考点二考点三考点四3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.B.Sheisproudofherkids.C.She’llworkforanotherseason.D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.答案:D解析:推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知,这位家长安排就餐时间表、发送电子邮件,并且为季末礼品筹款。这些都可表明她是一位好帮手。故选D项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四4.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?A.Itgivesherasenseofduty.B.Itmakesherveryhappy.C.Itenableshertoworkhard.D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Connectingtothecommunityasyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.”可知,志愿者工作给她带来了快乐。故选B项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage8主题语境:人与社会——科学与技术建议用时:6’实际用时:正答率:/4(2019全国Ⅲ,D)Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Here’showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit.“Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,”Dr.Livingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey’redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。哈佛医学院的科学家用触摸屏对猴子进行实验,结果发现猴子可以进行基本的加法运算。
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?A.Theyfedthem.B.Theynamedthem.C.Theytrainedthem.D.Theymeasuredthem.答案:C解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的“AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeysto...”和“Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined...”可知,研究者在测试前对猴子进行了训练。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?A.Bydrawingacircle.B.Bytouchingascreen.C.Bywatchingvideos.D.Bymixingtwodrinks.答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据第三段的最后两句“Ifthemonkeystouched...17inthisexample.”可知,想得到奖励,猴子需要触摸屏幕。
考点一考点二考点三考点四3.WhatdidLivingstone’steamfindaboutthemonkeys?A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition.B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.答案:A解析:推理判断题。根据第四段中的“...indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.”可知,猴子正在进行计算,而不仅仅是记住每个组合的值。故A项正确。
考点一考点二考点三考点四4.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment.B.Health.C.Education.D.Science.答案:D解析:文章出处题。本文主要介绍了哈佛医学院的科学家对猴子进行研究,结果发现猴子可以进行基本的加法运算。由此可知本文与科学有关,故D项正确。
考点一考点二考点三考点四推理判断题【阅卷寄语】推理判断题属于难度较大的题型,考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思,以及对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确推理判断的能力。要求考生在阅读过程中贯通表面和隐含的意思,并把已知的和未知的信息联系起来,以文章所提供的事实为依据,经过分析思考而形成一定的观点。考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实,在通盘理解文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意,并作出正确的推断。
考点一考点二考点三考点四满分流程:步骤规范,定位精准第一步,根据关键词寻找依据,即答题信息点;第二步,理解相关信息;第三步,结合已有常识,进行适度的符合情理的推断,从而得出答案。
考点一考点二考点三考点四(一)事实细节推断题典题感悟(2019全国Ⅰ,B节选)...Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”
考点一考点二考点三考点四26.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto.A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB.assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD.inspirestudents’loveforpoliticsA事实细节推断题。根据选文第一段中的“Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves.”和最后一段中的“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities”可推知,Whaley老师开展“总统竞选演讲”是为了帮助学生建立自信,看到自己的优点,strength意为“优点”,故选A项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四状元笔记事实细节推断题首先要通过寻读找到相关信息点,然后理解相关信息点的字面意思,最后要结合语境和常识,在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断,从而理解作者的言外之意。事实细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到,但推理时我们务必要忠于原文,在文章中寻找并确定可推理的依据,进行正向或逆向思维,推断出隐含的深层含义,推断时要做到判断有据,推论有理。切忌主观臆断、过度推断、错误推断和以细节代替推断。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法点拨技法1.三步巧推断(1)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理:要善于抓住某段话中的关键信息,即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断,利用逆向思维或正面推理。(2)整合全文(段)信息进行推断:有时需要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基础上,整合与题目相关的有用信息,综合起来去推理判断,确定最佳结论。(3)以事实为依据:推断一定要以文章所提供的事实为依据,不能凭空想象,这样才能做出正确合理的推断。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法2.知正确选项特征,快速锁定答案(1)不是文中直接或明确说明的内容,是间接表达出来的,除符合文章主旨外,还符合逻辑,让考生有推敲的余地。(2)正确选项大多含义深刻,不是常识选项。技法3.晓干扰项面貌,避免中圈套(1)夸大事实:对于原文中的细节或某方面进行了夸大处理。(2)无中生有:捏造原文并不存在的信息,并以此作为依据进行推理。(3)掺入常识:考生已有的常识是正确的,但不是基于文章。(4)推理过度:引申过度,使结论过于绝对化。(5)以细节代替推断:只是原文简单的复述,而非推断出来的结论。
考点一考点二考点三考点四(二)观点态度推断题典题感悟(2018浙江,C节选)...Theproblemsofexcessive(过度的)energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(经济)isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”
考点一考点二考点三考点四30.WhatisFriedman’sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture?A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.D.Tolerant.C观点态度推断题。由倒数第二段中的“Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.”以及最后一段Friedman指出绿色经济是美国保持实力的机会,可以推断Friedman认为美国的未来是充满希望的。A项意为“模棱两可的”;B项意为“感到疑惑的”;D项意为“容忍的”。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法点拨技法1.慧眼锁定题干关键词观点态度推断题的题干通常包含以下词汇:attitude,believe,consider,regard,thinkof,opinion等。技法2.精准记忆观点态度词汇(1)表示支持或肯定:appreciative欣赏的;approving赞成的,同意的;favorable赞同的;positive积极乐观的;supportive支持的;optimistic乐观的;hopeful充满希望的(2)表示中立:ambiguous模棱两可的;cautious谨慎的;unconcerned不关心的;uninterested不感兴趣的;objective客观的;neutral中立的;indifferent不感兴趣的,冷淡的(3)表示反对或否定:disgusted厌恶的;critical批评的;negative否定的,消极的;disapproval不赞成;worried闷闷不乐的;disappointed失望的;doubtful怀疑的
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法3:忠于措辞定态度注意作者或文中人物的措辞。文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思,不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法4.根据文章体裁推断观点、态度
考点一考点二考点三考点四(三)写作意图推断题写作意图推断题要求考生根据对文章的理解,推断作者运用某种写作手法的目的。高考试卷中的写法一般包括以下几个方面:1.为了引出主题,先提到相关事物;2.为了让读者关注主题,文章以提问开始;3.通过列举具体事例来说明主题;4.运用比拟或比喻,让读者更易理解抽象或陌生的事物;5.通过引语来说明或论证某个观点,或使自己的观点更有说服力。
考点一考点二考点三考点四典题感悟(2016全国Ⅱ,C节选)Readingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.NowthewebsiteBookCrossing.comturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup....
考点一考点二考点三考点四29.Whydoestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainwhattheyare.B.TointroduceBookCrossing.C.Tostresstheimportanceofreading.D.Toencouragereaderstosharetheirideas.B写作意图推断题。第一段首先说阅读是一种社会性的活动,谈到读书小组(bookgroups),然后作者用一个Now引出本书要说的话:BookCrossing这个网站给传统的读书小组翻开了新的一页(turnsthepageon),可见作者介绍读书小组的目的是引出这个网站,故选B项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法点拨技法1.精准记忆题干特点题干中常含有purpose,inorderto等词。不同文体的文章可能有不同的写作目的。技法2.明确常见写作意图从文体的角度可以细分为:(1)toentertainorinstructreaders(如故事类文章);(2)topersuadereaders(如广告);(3)toexplain/reportsth.(如科普类、新闻报道类或文化类文章)。
考点一考点二考点三考点四(四)文章出处推断题典题感悟...“Itcanfollowandcarrythingsforpeoplearoundwhilecommunicatingwiththeirsmartphone,andavoidingobstacles,”explainedAlexLibman,founderofNUARobotics.“We’recombiningsensornetwork,computervision,androbotics.Soifyoudownloadourapp(应用),pressthe‘followme’button,theluggagerecognizesitsuserandknowstofollowandcommunicate.”12.Whereisthearticleprobablyfrom?A.Atextbook.B.Aposter.C.Abiography.D.Awebsite.D文章出处推断题。根据文中的“Soifyoudownloadourapp(应用),pressthe‘followme’button...”可推断,本文可能来自一个网站。故选D项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法点拨技法1.熟悉题干特点凡是文章都可能涉及出处,这类试题的题干中常有comefrom,mostprobablyappear,mostlikelytobetakenfrom等表述。技法2.精准储备文体常识考生本身要具备一定的常识,把文章的内容与自己所具备的常识结合起来做出正确的判断。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法3.了解语言特色近几年来常考的文章出处选项有:广告(anadvertisement)、书评(abookreview)、新闻特写或专题报道(afeaturestory)、新闻报道(anewsreport)、科技新闻(sciencenews)、科幻故事(sciencefictionstory)、展览指南(anexhibitionguide)、通知或公告(anannouncement)等。要对这些文章的语言特色,特别是其专用词汇有基本的了解,根据文章的语言特色和其专用词汇对号入座,快速选出最佳答案。技法4.找依据,合情理推理判断题都不能直接从原材料中找到答案,也就是说在解题时,要在理解表面文字信息的基础上,尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实,在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意,从而做出正确的推理和判断。
考点一考点二考点三考点四考点集训A组基础语篇练技法Passage1(2019全国Ⅰ,B节选)...LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent,”Whaleyexplains,“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,‘Idon’tknow,butIwanttoknow.’”
考点一考点二考点三考点四Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”
考点一考点二考点三考点四WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.答案:C解析:事实细节推断题。本文主要介绍了ThomasWhaley老师在班里发起一项总统竞选演讲活动,帮助孩子们建立自信,看到自己的优点,由此可推知Whaley老师是一个关心学生的老师。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage2...Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey’llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducetheideaofexemption.B.Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.C.Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.D.Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.答案:C解析:写作意图推断题。根据文中的“Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey’llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.”可以推断出本文的写作目的是强调接种疫苗的重要性,故选C项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage3(2017·全国Ⅰ,C节选)...Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.“Themusiccan’tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,”saysMoran....
考点一考点二考点三考点四WhatcanweinferaboutMoran’sopiniononjazz?A.Itwilldisappeargradually.B.Itremainsblackandwhite.C.Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.D.Itchangesevery50years.答案:C解析:事实细节推断题。根据选文中的“‘Themusiccan’tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,’”可知,Moran认为爵士乐不能以1908或1958年的方式来呈现了,因为世界运转的方式不同,所以爵士乐必须继续前进才行。这说明随着时代的发展,爵士乐也要跟上时代才不会被年轻一代所抛弃。故选C项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage4IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon’tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers....
考点一考点二考点三考点四Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?A.PaulNewmanwantedit.B.Thestudiopowersdidn’tlikehisagent.C.Hewasn’tfamousenough.D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.答案:C解析:事实细节推断题。由文中第二句“Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul”可知,摄制组起初拒绝接纳“我”,因为“我”没有Paul有名气,由此可以推断作者当时名气不够。
考点一考点二考点三考点四B组模拟语篇提能力Passage5主题语境:人与社会:美国教育建议用时:6’实际用时:正答率:/4(2019湖北襄阳一调)EducatorsacrosstheUSarecallingformajorchangestotheadmissionprocessinhighereducation.TheNationalCenterforEducationalStatisticsreportedthatUScollegesanduniversitiesreceivedmorethan9millionapplicationsbetween2013and2014.Theschoolsadmittedmorethan5millionstudentsinthattime.
Butanewreportsaysthattheproblemisnotinthenumberofstudentsthatarebeingadmitted.TheHarvardSchoolofGraduateEducation,alongwith80otherschoolsandorganizations,releasedthereportinJanuary2016,called“TurningtheTide—MakingCaringCommon”.Thereportarguesthattheprocessschoolsusetochoosestudentscausesmajorproblems.DavidHawkins,theExecutiveDirectorforEducationalContentandPolicy,saysthatmostcollegesanduniversitiesrequiremanythingsfromstudentswhentheyapply.Schoolsusuallyaskforanessaydescribingastudent’sinterestsorwhytheywanttostudyatthatschool.Theschoolsalsoaskforlettersfromteachersorotherresponsibleadultsdescribingwhyastudentisagoodcandidate.But,Hawkinssays,schoolsaremostconcernedwithastudent’shighschoolgradesandstandardizedtestresults.考点一考点二考点三考点四
考点一考点二考点三考点四Thereportsuggeststhatpayingattentiontoacademicsuccessoverotherqualitiesworkswellforsomestudentsbuthurtsothers.Inaddition,academicsuccessisnotthemostimportantqualityastudentshouldhave.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtoshowingwhetherornotastudentwantstodogoodintheworld.Thereportalsosuggeststhatschoolsshouldaskforevidencethatstudentscareaboutotherpeople.Movingattentionawayfromacademicabilitywillmaketheprocesslessaboutcompetition,thereportsays.Studentswillfeellessstressaboutmeetinghigherandhigherexpectations.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Butthereportdoeshaveitscritics.BobSchaeffer,PublicEducationDirector,saysthateveryfewyears,someonemakesthesameargumentforchanges.Hesaidthatnorealchangehashappenedyetandthatevenmanyoftheschoolsthatagreewiththereportstillmakenochanges.“Manyoftheinstitutionsthathavesupportedthefindingsinthereportaretheveryinstitutionsthathavethemostcompetitiveadmissionprocessesinthecountry,”Schaeffersaid.【语篇解读】美国各地的教育工作者呼吁对高等教育招生过程进行重大改革。美国大学在录取新生过程中出现了问题,即学校过于重视学生的学业成绩。这种方法对某些学生来说效果不错,但却伤害了其他学生。
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.Whatistheproblemoftheadmissionprocessaccordingtothereport?A.Theschoolsasksocialresponsibilitiesfromtheapplyingstudents.B.Theschoolsattachimportancetostudents’academicrecords.C.Thenumberofstudentsgettingadmittedistoosmall.D.Admissionofficersonlyconsiderpersonalqualities.答案:B解析:推理判断题。由第二段中的“theproblemisnotinthenumberofstudentsthatarebeingadmitted”可知,问题不是出在被录取的人数上。接着在第三段最后一句霍金斯说,“学校最关心的是学生的高中成绩和标准化考试成绩。”由第四段第一句可知,报告指出,与其他素质相比更注重学业成绩对某些学生来说效果不错,但却伤害了其他学生。由此可知录取的过程中出现的问题就是注重了学生的学业成绩。分析选项可知B项符合题意。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.Whichofthefollowingdocollegesnotaskofapplicants?A.Theirreasonstoattendtheschool.B.Adescriptionoftheirinterests.C.Recommendationlettersfromadults.D.Evidencethatstudentscareaboutothers.答案:D解析:细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Thereportalsosuggeststhatschoolsshouldaskforevidencethatstudentscareaboutotherpeople.”可知,报告还指出,学校应该要求学生要有关心他人的证据。故现在的美国大学招生并未关注学生的这方面品质。
考点一考点二考点三考点四3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothereportoftheadmissionprocess?A.Supportive.B.Doubtful.C.Neutral.D.Negative.答案:C解析:推理判断题。根据全文可知,作者只是对于录取过程中的问题进行了描述,没有加入自己的评论,因此是中立的。可知C项正确。
考点一考点二考点三考点四4.Thecritic,BobSchaeffer,thinksthat.A.someschoolsdon’tdowhattheybelieveisrightB.thelargestschoolsareexpectedtomakechangesfirstC.notenoughschoolscurrentlyagreewiththereportD.historyhasprovedthatallchangesaregood答案:A解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Hesaidthatnorealchangehashappenedyetandthatevenmanyoftheschoolsthatagreewiththereportstillmakenochanges.”可知,目前还没有真正的变化,甚至许多同意这份报告的学校仍然没有改变。分析选项可知A项(有些学校不做他们认为正确的事)符合题意,故选A项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四C组真题语篇通高考Passage6主题语境:人与社会:大众报纸的产生建议用时:7’实际用时:正答率:/4(2019全国Ⅲ,C)Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.
Thetrend,then,wastowardthe“pennypaper”—atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter’sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny—usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged—andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase“pennypaper”caughtthepublic’sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.考点一考点二考点三考点四
考点一考点二考点三考点四Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor“themanonthestreet”didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures(企业)wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“便士报”产生的背景及其发展的艰难过程。
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?A.Academic.B.Unattractive.C.Inexpensive.D.Confidential.答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的第四、五句“Inaddition,mostnewspapers...andvisuallyforbidding.”可知,当时的报纸枯燥无味,没有吸引力。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?A.Theywouldbepricedhigher.B.Theywoulddisappearfromcities.C.Theycouldhavemorereaders.D.Theycouldregainpublictrust.答案:C解析:推理判断题。根据第二段的“...papersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.”和“...thatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.”可知,街头销售能让报纸有更多的读者。
考点一考点二考点三考点四3.Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?A.Localpoliticians.B.Commonpeople.C.Youngpublishers.D.Richbusinessmen.答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor‘themanonthestreet’didnotbeginwell.”中提到的“themanonthestreet”可知,报纸的目标读者是普通人。
考点一考点二考点三考点四4.Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?A.Itwasadifficultprocess.B.Itwasatemporarysuccess.C.Itwasarobberyofthepoor.D.Itwasadisasterforprinters.答案:A解析:推理判断题。最后一段中提到“早期的一些企业是直接失败的。那些拥有成功报纸的出版商几乎不想改变传统。一些年轻大胆的商人才把这件事情推动起来。”由此推测,便士报的推动过程比较艰难。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage7主题语境:人与社会:智能键盘防止数据和身份盗窃建议用时:7’实际用时:正答率:/4(2019全国Ⅰ,C)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.
考点一考点二考点三考点四ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了佐治亚理工学院的研究者们新开发了一种键盘,它能根据用户打字模式准确识别出使用者。
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.答案:D解析:细节理解题。根据第一段描述及第二段第一句可知,研究者研发了智能键盘是为了降低电子空间保护的成本。故选D项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.答案:C解析:细节理解题。根据第二段第四、五句可知,正是由于每个用户都有自己独特的击打键盘的模式,才使得研发智能键盘用以识别用户身份成为可能。故选C项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四3.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It’llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It’llreachconsumerssoon.C.It’llbemadeofplastics.D.It’llhelpspeeduptyping.答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.”可知,研究者们希望这种智能键盘在不久的将来能够面世,供消费者使用。故选B项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.答案:D解析:文章出处题。通读全文可知,作者客观介绍了佐治亚理工学院的研究者们新开发了一种键盘,它能根据用户打字模式准确识别出使用者。键盘使用常见的廉价材料,因此在成本和耐用性上都有很强竞争力,有望不久可以投入市场。故选D项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四词义猜测题【阅卷寄语】词义猜测题是历年高考必考的一类题型。它可以是对一个单词的意义的推断,也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断;既可以考查生词的意义,也可以考查熟词的新义,还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中,所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,而要根据短文提供的语境,通过阅读上下文,根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。
考点一考点二考点三考点四满分流程:步骤规范,定位精准
考点一考点二考点三考点四(一)词义猜测题典题感悟(2019全国Ⅰ,B节选)Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe“-ld,”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.
考点一考点二考点三考点四25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses.B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes.D.Sillyjokes.A词义猜测题。根据选文中的“totellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...,Christripsonthe...”可知Chris因为紧张,演讲时说话有点磕巴,故此处stumbles指不恰当的停顿。
考点一考点二考点三考点四状元笔记词义猜测题考查的是考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力,即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理,有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。解题时要注意以下几点:(1)牢记没有上下文就没有意思,推断词义要回到原句中分析。(2)推断句意要看全段甚至全文。(3)正确理解作者在全文中的情感态度对准确判断至关重要。(4)不要受平时该词最常见意思的影响。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法点拨技法1.知正确选项特征,快速锁定答案(1)含义和其字面意思一般没有关系。(2)上下文逻辑通顺。(3)与原句意思最接近。技法2.晓干扰项面貌,避免中圈套(1)断章取义,与上下文结合不紧密的选项。(2)与所考词汇形似。(3)就词论词、字面意思。如果考的是熟词,含有常规词义的往往是错误选项。(4)句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法3.猜测词义五法巧运用(1)通过上下文语境信息来猜测词义任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都与句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行符合逻辑的综合分析,并依此来猜测词义。(2)通过转折或对比关系来猜测词义如果一个句子或段落中有对两个事物或现象进行对比的描述,可以根据画线词的反义词猜测其词义。表示转折关系的词主要有:but,however,otherwise,though等;表示对比关系的标志性词语有:while,incontrast,unlike,ontheotherhand等。(3)通过比较关系来猜测词义比较关系表示意义上的相似关系,表示比较关系的词和短语主要有:similarly,like,justas,also,aswellas等。
考点一考点二考点三考点四(4)通过因果关系来猜测词义该方法是根据前后的因果关系来推断画线词或短语的意思。可由表示原因的句意推测出表示结果的句子中的某个词或短语的意思,即由因推果;也可由表示结果的句意推测出表示原因的句子中的某个词或短语的意思,即由果推因。表示因果关系的词有because,since,sothat,so/such...that...等。(5)根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系来猜测词义该方法主要通过文中出现的同义词、近义词等来猜测生词的含义;或根据生词所在的上下文及其意义上的联系来进行判断。生词与文中相联系的词可能是一种上下义关系,或者是同一类别的并列关系。
考点一考点二考点三考点四(二)代词指代题典题感悟(2016·全国Ⅲ,B节选)...“Myfriendsaid:‘Nowwebelieveyourstories,’”Weltyadded.“AndIsaid:‘Nowyouknow.Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem.’”26.Theunderlinedword“them”inParagraph6referstoWelty’s.A.readersB.partiesC.friendsD.storiesD代词指代题。根据them所在的这一段中的“Nowwebelieveyourstories”及“Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem.”可知,是这些人让她写这些故事。故选D项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法点拨代词指代题要求考生根据语境判断代词(this,that,it,they,them,one,which等)或助动词(do,does,did等)究竟指代什么。技法1.“三个步骤”判指代(1)返回原文,找出指代词(it,they,them,this...)。(2)向上(有时向下)搜索,找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。(3)将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词,看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺,并最终确定最佳答案。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法2.“就近原则”判指代指代词汇的猜测即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词所指代的内容。代词所指代的内容多在这一句的前、后句中(特别是前句),或者前几个句子中。找到指代的内容后,把它放在代词的位置上,看一看这句话是否合理,与前后的内容是否一致,然后再判定它是否为正确答案。技法3.“逻辑原则”寻指代理清人物及事物间的逻辑关系是解答代词指代题的关键。考生可利用上下文语境,采用逻辑关系梳理法,使人物或事物的关系明朗化。要记住代词通常出现在原词之后,根据这条原则可快速排除选项中出现在代词之后的词汇,锁定答案,最后代入原句中进行验证。
考点一考点二考点三考点四(三)句意理解题典题感悟(2019浙江,B节选)Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”
考点一考点二考点三考点四Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社会经济的)backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject.“Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard....
考点一考点二考点三考点四24.Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.C句意理解题。根据画线部分的内容并结合牌子上出现的话“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”可知,画线部分意为“这里的钱是可以随意拿取的,并不附带任何条件”,故选C项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法点拨句意推测两关注关注1:返回原文,找到该句,对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的分析。对于需要推理的句意理解,首先要理解句前后的语境,其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理推断,最后再归纳总结。关注2:正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同,是用其他的英语词汇和句式来表达相同的意思。
考点一考点二考点三考点四考点集训A组基础语篇练技法Passage1(2019山东日照一模)...Bookingticketstothemeparksandmakingreservationsforjustabouteverythinginadvancemakesthetriplessstressful.Tryhavingyourchildrenbabysat.Hirealocalbabysitteronceortwice.VacationHomeownerscansetthisupforyou,andsomehotelsmightbewillingto,too.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Bookingticketsinadvance.B.Hiringababysitter.C.Makingreservationsaheadoftime.D.Lookingforatourguide.答案:B解析:代词指代题。由画线词前的“Hirealocalbaby-sitteronceortwice.(雇用一两次当地的保姆)”及画线词所在句“VacationHomeownerscansetthisupforyou,andsomehotelsmightbewillingto,too.(度假屋的主人可以为你安排这个,一些酒店可能也愿意)”可知,this指的是雇用当地保姆这件事。故选B项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage2(2017全国Ⅰ,D节选)...Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole....
考点一考点二考点三考点四Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inParagraph2referto?A.Thetube.B.Thestill.C.Thehole.D.Thecup.答案:B解析:词义猜测题。根据选文中的“Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.”可知,最好在潮湿的地方挖洞,以提高接水器的工作效率。接水器指的是在潮湿的地方挖洞,在洞的底部放一个杯子,杯子上方用塑料板遮挡。整个装置构成接水器,而不是某个部分。这一题很容易错选D项。就算在干燥的地方挖洞,杯子也可以接水,杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围的环境变化而变化,杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选B项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage3(2018浙江,B节选)StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume....
考点一考点二考点三考点四Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?A.Bansonplasticbags.B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.C.Headachescausedbygarbage.D.Plasticbagshungintrees.答案:A解析:词义猜测题。第二段讲述的是塑料袋由于污染环境而被越来越多的城市禁用,看到这一情况,塑料袋生产商于是找科学家为塑料袋代言。根据文章的意义可知,headwinds指的是禁用塑料袋这一情况。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage4Afterhereducation,shepursuedhercareer,andaftermuchtimeandhardwork,shedrasticallyreducedthenumberofinfants(幼儿)dyingfrommeningitis(脑膜炎).Hattiewasverydedicatedtoherworkandhelpedatasmanylocationsasshecould.Spendingsubstantial(大量的)timeinthelabouratory,Hattiesuccessfullydevelopedacureagainstthedisease,whichdecreasedthedeathrateto20percent.Atthesametime,shewasalsoateacherworkingwithColumbiaUniversity.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Whatdoestheunderlinedword“drastically”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Slightly.B.Hardly.C.Greatly.D.Totally.答案:C解析:词义猜测题。根据第一句“...aftermuchtimeandhardwork,shedrasticallyreducedthenumberofinfants(幼儿)dyingfrommeningitis(脑膜炎).”可知应该是大大减少了死于脑膜炎的幼儿的数量。故C项符合题意。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage5Accordingtosomestudies,graduatesofprestigiousuniversitiesdoearnmuchmoney.Buteventhisseemslikejustacoincidence.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaymeanintelligence,talentandambition.Buttherearemanyotherthingsthatareequallyimportant.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition,theresultsmaychange.PrincetoneconomistsAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPhDprogramme.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Whatisthemeaningofthesentence“Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.”?A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoaperson’ssuccess.B.Aperson’shappinessshouldbevaluedmorethantheireducation.C.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotmatchjobmarketrequirements.D.Kids’actualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackground.答案:D解析:句意理解题。此句表达的意思是:孩子比他们的大学重要。根据下文的描述“Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition,theresultsmaychange.(进入大学并不是生活的唯一竞争,在下一场竞争中,结果可能就不一样了。)”可知这里的意思是,孩子的能力比大学背景更重要,故选D项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四B组模拟语篇提能力Passage6主题语境:人与自我——个人家庭建议用时:5’实际用时:正答率:/4(2019安徽安庆二模)TheflowersarebloomingandthebirdsaresingingasMelindasitsintherosegardenofthenursinghome.Sheisrecallingoldtimesasshewaitsforherfamily’sarrival.ThenursinghomehasbeenMelinda’snewsettlementeversinceThomaspassedawayaweekago.Thomashadfoughtalongandhardbattleagainstlungcancerforthreeyears.Unfortunately,hehasbrokenthepromisethatheandMelindahadmade:tobewitheachotherforeverybirthday.Melindaknewthiswasunrealistic(不现实的)butagreedtothepromiseforThomas’ssake.
考点一考点二考点三考点四“Thomas,youarecompletelyadreamer,”MelindashoutedtoThomasashedraggedonaboutlivingonanislandwithhisbeautifulwife.That’swhatshelovedabouthimmost—hehadavividimagination.Theygotmarriedatageeighteenandbeganhavingchildrenrightaway.Marycamewithintheyear,followedbyThomasBenjaminII,Lilly-Ann,andJoseph“LittleJoey”George.Thefamilylivedanexultantlifefilledwithlaughterandlove.“Mom!”Lillyshouted,butitreallysoundedlikeahowl.Melindahadlostherselfinthinkingaboutthelifeshehadsharedwithherlatehusband.Lillypushedherdownthelongdarkhallsofthenursinghomeuntiltheyarrivedattherecreationalroom.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Whenthedooropened,Melindaputherhandoverhermouthandwascompletelyspeechless.Theroomwascrowdedwiththepeoplenearestanddearesttoherandthewarmthandlovewasfeltinstantly.Thenightwenton;storiesandcocktailsweresharedandeverythingwasperfect.However,whenMelindacaughtamomenttoherselfshelookedaroundatherfamily.Withasmileonherface,sheraisedherManhattanandcalledoutforatoast.“Thisoneisforyou,Thomas,thoughyouarenothere.”【语篇解读】丈夫去世后,梅琳达住到了养老院,在自己生日的时候回想起以往的生活,想起丈夫曾经的承诺,对这个没有丈夫参加的特殊的生日感慨颇多。
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.WhydidThomasbreakhispromise?A.Hewasbusywithhiswork.B.Hediedoflungcancer.C.Hehadtoserveinthearmy.D.HestoppedlovingMelinda.答案:B解析:推理判断题。题干关键词为“breakhispromise”,由此定位到第一段的“Thomaspassedawayaweekago.Thomashadfoughtalongandhardbattleagainstlungcancerforthreeyears.”可知,他丈夫没有遵守诺言是因为患肺癌去世了,故选B项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“exultant”underlinedinParagraph2?A.Peaceful.B.Simple.C.Stressful.D.Happy.答案:D解析:词义猜测题。由下文的“lifefilledwithlaughterandlove”可知,生活充满了笑声和爱,由此可推断出,他们过着开心的生活,故选D项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Melinda’schildrenforgottheirfather.B.Melindawastiredofnoise.C.Melindamissedherhusbandbadly.D.Melindalikedtodrinkalcohol.答案:C解析:推理判断题。由最后一句“Thisoneisforyou,Thomas,thoughyouarenothere.”可知,她时刻都在惦记她的丈夫,结合上文他们一家人曾经生活得非常开心,她和丈夫十分恩爱,由此可推断出,梅琳达非常想念她的丈夫。故选C项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AParticularBirthdayB.AWomanataNursingHomeC.MemoriesofOldDaysD.ABigSurpriseforMelinda答案:A解析:主旨大意题。梅琳达在养老院生日那天,回想起丈夫和自己的约定:每年的生日都在一起。在最后,大家举杯庆祝的时候,她大声道出了对丈夫的思念。由此我们可以推断出,本文的标题应为“一个特别的生日”。故选A项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四C组真题语篇通高考Passage7主题语境:人与社会——中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响建议用时:6’实际用时:正答率:/10(2019全国Ⅱ,B)ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.“It’snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners,”saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.
考点一考点二考点三考点四“Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,”saysHill.“Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.”Ofcourse,notonlyaretoday’stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.“VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs—andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,”addsHill.
考点一考点二考点三考点四ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.“ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,”shesays.“Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina—itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响,展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?A.Itpromotedthesalesofartworks.B.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.C.ItshowedancientChineseclothes.D.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.答案:B解析:推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.”可知,这次展览出席的人数创了纪录,由此表明吸引了很多游客。故B项正确。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?A.Theyaresettingthefashion.B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.C.Theyadmiresupermodels.D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.答案:A解析:细节理解题。根据第四段中Hill说的话“...whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.(这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是时尚运动的核心。)”可知,A项正确。
考点一考点二考点三考点四3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“takingon”inparagraph4mean?A.learningfromB.lookingdownonC.workingwithD.competingagainst答案:D解析:词义猜测题。画线短语的前面提到“当代一些最优秀的时装设计师本身就是中国人”,接着列举了“VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWu”三个例子,再结合下文的句意“在设计和销售方面都击败了他们”可知,该短语的意思应是“与……竞争”。故选D项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends答案:D解析:主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第三段和最后一段的最后一句可知,本文主要讲述了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响,展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。故D项“中国文化推动国际时尚潮流”最适合作为本文的标题。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage8主题语境:人与自我:生活方式建议用时:5’实际用时:正答率:/4(2018全国Ⅲ,D)Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor).
考点一考点二考点三考点四Forweeks,I’vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball—simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.【语篇解读】本文是议论文。生活其实不需要过多的外在物质,只要你专注其中,同样可以让你过得充实、精彩。
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.答案:A解析:词义猜测题。由第一段首句“Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.”及该段最后“livemorewithless”可知,成年人明白越多越好是什么感受,而作者认为拥有的物品很少也能活得很开心,所以答案为A项“越多越好”。B项“适可而止”;C项“钱越多,忧虑越多”;D项“赚得多,花得多”。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?A.Savingupforherholiday.B.Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.C.Addingthemoneytoherfund.D.Givingthemoneytoasickmother.答案:C解析:细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“Shechosetosellafewlargerobjects...whenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor).”可知,女儿之所以同意卖掉自己不经常用的东西,是因为“我们”承诺会把这些钱存入她的学校基金中,女儿将来当医生要用,所以答案为C项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四3.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?A.Totryoutanidea.B.Toshowaparent’slove.C.Totrainhisattention.D.Tohelphimstartahobby.答案:A解析:细节理解题。由第三段第三句“Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.”可知,作者和儿子玩球的目的在于检验自己“livemorewithless”想法的正确性,所以答案为A项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TakeItorLeaveItB.ALessonfromKidsC.LiveMorewithLessD.ThePleasureofGiving答案:C解析:主旨大意题。作者在文中倡导的观念是“livemorewithless”,并通过亲身体验去验证该观念是否正确可行,由此可知C项正确。
考点一考点二考点三考点四主旨大意题【阅卷寄语】主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目,因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要考生从文章中提炼抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目又分为三个角度,即文章大意题、标题归纳题和段落大意题。
考点一考点二考点三考点四满分流程:步骤规范,定位精准
考点一考点二考点三考点四(一)文章大意题典题感悟BotswanaissituatedinSouthernAfrica.Therearemanytop-qualityplacestoenjoyyourAfricantrip.TheOkavangoDeltaTheOkavangoDelta(三角洲)istheworld’slargestinlanddeltaandisatopspottovisitduringyourBotswanatrip.Thewholedeltacoversanareaof15,000km2.TheOkavangoRiverendsinthisareafloodingthewholeregion.Besidestheregularflooding,rainfallcandrasticallyincreasethesizeofthiswaterbody,upto22,000km2.ThedeltaalsocontainstheMoremiGameReserve(禁猎区)anditisoneofthebestplacestoseewildlife.Animalssuchashippopotamuses,crocodiles,buffalo,rhinoceroses,elephantsandantelopescanbeveryeasilyfoundintheregion.Thereareover500speciesofbirdsinthisarea.
考点一考点二考点三考点四TheChobeNationalParkTheChobeNationalParkissituatedinNorthwestBotswana.ItisthethirdlargestparkinBostwanaandisfamousforitslargewildlifepopulation.TheChobeNationalParkhasdifferentanimalhabitatsanditiswonderfultowatchthesebeautifulanimalsrightinfrontofyou.TheparkisalsoveryfamousforitselephantsandisconsideredtobethelargestareaforelephantsinAfrica.Apartfromthehugeelephantpopulation,otherwildanimalssuchaslions,leopards,wilddogs,antelopes,hippopotamuses,buffaloandcrocodilescanalsobeseen.
考点一考点二考点三考点四TheKalahariGameReserveTheCentralKalahariGameReserveissituatedintheKalahariDesert,coveringanareaof52,800km2.Itisthesecondlargestgamereserveintheworld.Largeareasoftrees,bushesandgrassarewidelyspreadinthisreserve,thusaddingtothebeautyoftheplace.Thereservecontainsahugeconcentrationofwildlife.Manywildanimalsincludinggiraffescanbespottedeasilythere.Thispassageismainlyabout.A.thewriter’stravelingexperienceinBotswanaB.someplacesoftopqualitytoenjoyinBotswanaC.beautifulcountriestovisitinSouthernAfricaD.activitiespeoplecandoinSouthernAfricaB主旨大意题。文章的第一段就点出了主题,以下介绍了南非的博茨瓦纳的非常值得旅游的三个地方。
考点一考点二考点三考点四状元笔记错误选项的特点之以偏概全以偏概全一般是全文主旨题或段落主旨题中的选项,指的是用文章某个段落的论点来代替整篇文章的中心思想或者用段落的论据来概括段落论点。另外,阅读过程中,我们可能会发现文章中提到几点,在一个备选项中却只出现其中一种或两种情况,这些干扰项的特点是以偏概全,以部分代替整体,这样的干扰项通常在细节题中较多见。务必牢记“永远把主旨大意题放在最后做”。因为需要读完全文才能把握文章主题,所以在解答此类题目时,考生不要急于去找答案,不论它出现在什么位置都把它作为最后一道题来做。在做完另外几道题目后,无疑会有助于考生加深对整篇文章的理解。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法点拨技法1.知正确选项特征,快速锁定答案(1)不含细节信息,也不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。(2)涵盖性强:覆盖全文或全段的中心思想。(3)确定的范围恰当:既不太大,也不太小。(4)精确性强:不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。技法2.晓干扰项面貌,避免中圈套(1)以偏概全:答案细节信息鲜明,只阐述了局部信息或主旨的一部分。(2)主题过大:归纳概括过于笼统,超出了文章要讨论的范围。(3)断章取义:以次要的事实、细节替代全文的主要观点。(4)无中生有:与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法3.巧用三法抓主旨(1)利用文章“总—分—总”结构,定主旨句开门见山,是多数西方人写作的习惯性思维,文章开篇点明文章的主题。文章结构也多为“总—分—总”的形式,第一段一般交代文章的写作背景、故事梗概或点明主题;中间段落对主题句展开论述,而在最后一段重申主题,首尾呼应。因此,要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需仔细研读文章的第一段及最后一段。(2)利用文章时间顺序或“分述—总说”结构,定主旨句常见的结构有按时间顺序或“分述—总说”结构。按时间先后顺序说明某一件事、某一理论的发展过程的文章,主题通常在首段或末段;而采用“分述—总说”结构的文章,前几段分别说明,末段总结,这类文章主题常在末段。
考点一考点二考点三考点四(3)文章若无主题句,抓住高频词文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。因此,要善于抓住、利用这些反复出现的中心词,即高频词。此外还要注意以下几点:要着重理解首末段、首末句;若主旨在文章中间出现或前后段意转折时,应提高警惕;若段中出现转折时,该转折句很可能就是主题句;作者有意识重复的观点往往是主旨;首段出现疑问句时,对该疑问的解答就是主旨;主旨出现时常伴有如下词:but,however,therefore,inshort。
考点一考点二考点三考点四(二)标题归纳题典题感悟(2018浙江,B)StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers’arguments:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon’tdispute(质疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.
考点一考点二考点三考点四27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Plastic,PaperorNeitherB.Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrowAwayD.GarbageCollectionandWasteControlA主旨大意题。本文通过对比塑料购物袋和可重复使用的购物袋各自的利弊来讨论哪一种对环境更有害,故A项为最佳标题。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法点拨技法1.精准把握标题的三大特点该类题目题干中常包含“title”一词。正确选项通常具备以下三个特点:(1)概括性:概括准确而又简短。(2)针对性:标题外延正好与文章内容相符。(3)醒目性:能引发读者的阅读欲望。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法2.熟练运用选择标题的三大方法(1)正面肯定法:在理解文章主旨的基础上,揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。(2)反面否定法:撇开原文,拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容,然后和原文章对照,一一排除不符选项。(3)选项研读法:研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。
考点一考点二考点三考点四(三)段落大意题典题感悟...Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort—thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandourworld—issimplysomethingthatcomesfromourbabyhood.Perhapsevolution(进化)providedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds,andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemaschildren.Thesamecognitive(认知的)systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultscientists.Assomepsychologistsputit,“Itisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren.”
考点一考点二考点三考点四Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren’splay.B.Studyingbabies’playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.C.Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.D.One’sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.B段落大意题。通读文章最后一段可知,该段是按“总—分”结构进行组织的,故该段的主题句应是第一句话。故选B项,句意:研究婴儿的游戏或许有助于更好地理解科学。干扰项A项过于笼统,其他各项均属于典型的无中生有。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法点拨段落大意是指一篇文章某个段落的主要意思。概括段落大意时,一定要在把握全段或全文中心的基础上进行,做到围绕中心,找出段落大意。技法1.因材而异,段落大意巧概括(1)议论文、科技文献和新闻报道主题句通常在段首,该段围绕这一主题而展开,用演绎法阐述观点。(2)主题句在段中时,通常前面只提出问题,然后段落的主题由随之陈述的细节和合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释、论证和说明。(3)主题句在段尾时,作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后得出结论,即段落的主题。
考点一考点二考点三考点四技法2.剥茧抽丝,段落大意巧归纳有的文章没有直接给出主题句,而是通过各种方法暗示给读者,这就需要充分发挥读者的想象力与判断力,剥茧抽丝,揣摩段落大意。
考点一考点二考点三考点四考点集训A组基础语篇练技法Passage1(2019全国Ⅱ,C)MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.
考点一考点二考点三考点四“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”
考点一考点二考点三考点四Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn’tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.答案:A解析:主旨大意题。本文通过一份报告的统计数据和两个实例说明美国人喜欢独自用餐的趋势,并在文章最后一段提出人们选择独自用餐的原因。因此A项正确。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage2Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.
考点一考点二考点三考点四ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold答案:B解析:主旨大意题。由文章中反复出现的silence和meaning这两个词及文章的首句“Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.”可概括出文章的主旨是:沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。B项符合文章主旨。A项范围偏大;C项以偏概全;D项无中生有。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage3(2017全国Ⅱ,C节选)TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon....
考点一考点二考点三考点四Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.答案:A解析:主旨大意题。文章开篇点题,向我们介绍了特拉弗吉亚公司(TerrafugiaInc)的一款新产品:会飞的汽车问世,接着重点介绍了该车的相关数据:配置(hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwings),飞行速度(flewat1,400feetforeightminutes,reacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair),空中和路上的油耗(usinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.)等,由此可知,第一段主要介绍了该交通工具的一些数据。故选A项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四B组模拟语篇提能力Passage4主题语境:人与社会——人际关系建议用时:5’实际用时:正答率:/3(2019浙江名校一模)MykidssitinGee’slivingroomandrespectfullyliftantiqueChristmasornaments(装饰品)outofacardboardbox.TheygiggleatAnn,whoisaforeigncharactertothem.Geestandsbesidethem,quietlyexplainingeachtreasure.ShetellsmethatsheandTombuilttheirornamentcollectionpiecebypiece.Shesmilesasweleavewiththebox.
考点一考点二考点三考点四WefirstmetTomandGeeintheearlydaysofourmarriage.Someonehadbeenreturningourgarbagecanstothegarageeachgarbageday,andJimandIhadwonderedwho.Thenonedaywespottedhim:anelderlymanwholivedacrossthestreet.Ibakedcookiesandleftthemoutsidewithathank-younote.Whenwegothomethatday,atypedletterhadreplacedthegift.TheletterwasfromTomandexplainedbackwhenhe’dbeenfightingawar,neighborshadtakenthetimetohandlethegarbagecansforhisyoungwife,Gee,andheneverforgot.Nowhepaiditforwardbydoingthesameforallofus.Afewyearsafterwe’dmovedin,Tomdied.WephotocopiedthatletterandattachedittooneofourownforGee.WetoldherhowspecialTomhadbeentous.ShewrotebackandtoldusshestilltalkedtoTomeveryday.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Thesedays,we’repilingupboxesofourown.We’replanningamove.Weknowit’stimetogo,andyetwecan’tseemtosticktheForSalesignuponthelawn.It’snotjustGee.It’sthemanwholetsourkidspickpeachesoffthetreeinhisfrontyard.It’stheladieswholeaveoverflowingbasketsforourkidsonEaster.JimandIagreetowaituntilJanuary.ThisChristmas,we’lldecorateourtreewithGee’sornaments,outoftheboxlabeledinTom’shandwriting.MaybeI’lltalktohimjustasGeestilldoes.Thankyou,I’llsay.Forteachinguswhatitmeanstobeaneighbor.【语篇解读】俗话说“远近不如近邻”。那么怎样才是真正的邻居呢?
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A.ThekidsthoughtlittleoftheseantiqueChristmasornaments.B.ThekidswerefondoftheseantiqueChristmasornaments.C.ThekidswereafraidoftheseantiqueChristmasornaments.D.ThekidshadnointerestintheseantiqueChristmasornaments.答案:B解析:推理判断题。由第一段中的“MykidssitinGee’slivingroomandrespectfullyliftantiqueChristmasornaments(装饰品)outofacardboardbox.”和“ShetellsmethatsheandTombuilttheirornamentcollectionpiecebypiece.”可知,孩子们喜欢这些古老的圣诞装饰品。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.WhatdoweknowaboutTom?A.Hefoughtawarfromwhichtheauthorsufferedalot.B.Hefirstmettheauthoratherwedding.C.Hewasanelderlymanwhosejobwashandlinggarbagecans.D.Hehelpedtohandlehisneighbors’garbagecanssecretly.答案:D解析:推理判断题。由第三段中的“TheletterwasfromTomandexplainedbackwhenhe’dbeenfightingawar,neighborshadtakenthetimetohandlethegarbagecansforhisyoungwife,Gee,andheneverforgot.”可知,他帮邻居们偷偷地处理垃圾桶。故选D项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四3.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.ThisiswhatTomdidforus.B.Thisiswhywedidn’twanttomove.C.Thisiswhatitreallymeanstobeaneighbor.D.Thisishowneighborshelpeachother.答案:C解析:主旨大意题。由最后一段最后一句“Forteachinguswhatitmeanstobeaneighbor.(感谢你教会我们什么是邻居。)”可知C项为最佳标题。故选C项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四C组真题语篇通高考Passage5主题语境:人与社会——人际关系建议用时:7’实际用时:正答率:/4(2019全国Ⅰ,D)Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior”.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.
考点一考点二考点三考点四Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了赢得欢迎度的两种类型及这两种类型对日后生活和成功的影响。结果表明,与人为善,人缘不会差。
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.答案:C解析:细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知,在小学阶段,作者是一个慷慨大方的姑娘,人缘很好。故选C项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.答案:A解析:段落大意题。根据第二段第二句可知,本段主要论述人气的分类:讨人喜爱型与追求地位型。故选A项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四3.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.答案:B解析:推理判断题。根据第五、六段可知,乐于分享、仁慈善意、开放心态能够使人更好地建立人脉。讨人喜欢不仅与积极的生活体验相关,而且与人生的成功和幸福相关。受欢迎的孩子能为未来的人生际遇创造机会。他们会更能适应未来的生存挑战。故选B项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBetterC.BetheBest—YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness答案:A解析:主旨大意题。本文分别讲了受欢迎的两种类型可能在社会长远生活中产生的影响。因追求权力和地位而惹人喜爱的人与最不受欢迎的人相仿,他们更倾向于采取冒险举动。因此这种类型更容易给人的发展带来负面影响。最后证实最受欢迎的人能对日后长远生活带来的好处。由此推知,我们要做一个受欢迎的人,这样你在社会交往中不会差。故选A项。
考点一考点二考点三考点四Passage6主题语境:人与自然:宇宙探索建议用时:6’实际用时:正答率:/4(2019全国Ⅱ,D)Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.
考点一考点二考点三考点四HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解决方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”
考点一考点二考点三考点四GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的科研项目HUNCH,鼓励学生开发创新思维,培养实际生活技能。
考点一考点二考点三考点四1.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A.Theyarehardtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.C.Theyappearindifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.答案:A解析:推理判断题。根据第一段第二句提到的“来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面无法控制地生长,所以宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。”可知,在国际空间站,很难除掉细菌。
考点一考点二考点三考点四2.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.答案:D解析:细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,该项目设计的目的是把教室和NASA的工程师们连接起来。分析选项可知,D项与该意思一致。
考点一考点二考点三考点四3.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A.Checktheirproduct.B.Guideprojectdesigns.C.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.答案:A解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview...”可知,NASA的工程师们要亲自检查他们的成果。
考点一考点二考点三考点四4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronautsB.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroomD.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform答案:B解析:主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章的最后一句可知,戈登的学生每天都会给NASA的工程师发邮件,讨论这个问题,为太空测试准备一个可行的解决方案,故B项“太空:最后的作业前沿”作为文章的标题最合适。
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