备战2022新高考英语之特色题型增分练DAY 4 （教师Word版）

DAY4备战2022高考英语之特色题型增分练（教师版）目录内容PassageA说明文阅读PassageB记叙文阅读PassageC完型填空PassageD语法填空PassageE应用文写作PassageA说明文阅读Prostheticlimbs(义肢)havebeenaroundforalongtime.Theoldestknowndatesbackmorethan3,000years.Butprostheticswhichbehaveliketherealthing,aswellaslookinglikeit,arestillverymuchaworkinprogress.AndagroupatShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,inChina,havejustcomeupwithasignificantadvance—anaffordableprosthetichandthatnotonlyrespondslikearealonetosignalsfromthewearer’sbrain,butisalsoabletosignalbacktothebrainwhatitistouchinganddoing.GuGuoyingandhiscolleaguesdescribetheirinventioninNatureBiomedicalEngineering.Itsfingersaremadeofrigidtubes,connectedtoa3D-printedplasticpalm.Incontrasttocurrentmodels,whichareelectricallypowered,DrGu’shandispoweredpneumaticallybyapumpheldinawaistbag.Thisreducesitsweightbelow300grams—halfthatofsomecurrentmodels,andless,indeed,thantheweightofarealhand.Thebigadvanceisthatitdoesnotrequireinvasivesurgeryorelectronicimplantsintotheresiduallimbtocommunicatewiththeuser’sbrain.Sensorsontheskinrecordelectricalactivityfromtheremainingarmmuscles.Inanintactarm,thisactivitywouldtellthosemuscleshowtooperatethehand.DrGuandhiscolleaguescomparedtheefficacyoftheirinventionwiththatofexistingmodelsusingtestsincludingwriting,graspingandliftingobjects,liftingfoodtothemouth.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Normally,theyfound,itworkedbetter—particularlyfordelicatetaskslikehandlingfragileobjects,pettingacatandshakinghands.TheotherattractionofDrGu’sinventionisthatitischeap.Thecomponentsitismadefromcostabout$500.Existingmodelsmaysellfor$10,000ormore.Ifit,orsomethingsimilar,goesintoproduction,thatwillpermitthetransformationofmanymoreofthelivesofthe5millionpeoplewhohavelostahand,orwerebornwithoutone,thanispossibleatthemoment.1.WhatmainlymakesDrGu’sprosthetichandlighter?A.Itisheldinawaistbag.B.Itismadeof3D-printingplastic.C.Itispoweredinadifferentway.D.Ithasspeciallydesignedfingers.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“efficacy”inparagraph4referto?A.Design.B.System.C.Construction.D.Performance.3.WhichmainlycontributestothewideruseofDrGu’sprosthetichand?A.Affordableprice.B.Smoothoperation.C.Advancedtechnology.D.Strikingappearance.4.ThetextismainlyaboutDrGu’sprosthetichand’s_________.A.materialsB.advantagesC.inventionprocessD.researchteam参考答案：1.C。直接信息题。根据题干定位到第二段倒数两句Incontrasttocurrentmodels,whichareelectricallypowered,DrGu’shandispoweredpneumaticallybyapumpheldinawaistbag.Thisreducesitsweightbelow300grams（与目前的电动模型不同，谷博士的手是由一个装在腰袋里的泵驱动的。这使它的重量降到300克以下）可知，答案选C项。2.D。词义猜测题。根据划线词后面解释内容includingwriting,graspingandliftingobjects,liftingfoodtothemouth可知，测试的内容包括包括书写，抓取和举起物品，把食物送到嘴里等，这些是该仪器的表现和功用，故选D项。3.A。间接信息题。根据题干定位到最后一段第一句TheotherattractionofDrGu’sinventionisthatitischeap，该句是本段落的主题句，讲了DrGu的发明的其中一个吸引人的地方是价格便宜。另外，根据最后一句Ifit,orsomethingsimilar,goesintoproduction,thatwillpermitthetransformationofmanymoreofthelivesofthe5millionpeoplewhohavelostahand,orwerebornwithoutone,thanispossibleatthe学科网（北京）股份有限公司 moment（如果它或类似的东西投入生产，将会改变500万失去一只手或生来就没有一只手的人的生活，这在目前是不可能的），故答案选A项。4.B。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了Prostheticlimbs的优势：Thisreducesitsweightbelow300grams—halfthatofsomecurrentmodels,andless（重量轻）；heyfound,itworkedbetter—particularlyfordelicatetaskslikehandlingfragileobjects,pettingacatandshakinghands.（性能好）；TheotherattractionofDrGu’sinventionisthatitischeap（价格便宜）。故答案选B项。PassageB记叙文阅读Whereverontheglobeshemaybe,humanitarianNyamayarokeepsclosetohernativeAfricabycarryingayellowdress.''Itremindsmeofthebright,beautifulAfricanskyIusedtoseeinmysmallvillage,''shetellsPeople.Nyamayaro'slifepathwasn'talwayssohigh-profile.Growingup,sheassumedshe'dspentherlifecontributingtohervillage,andfarminginthefieldsliketheotherwomenaroundher.ButachanceencounterwithaUnitedNationsworkerthatcameamidaseveredroughtalteredthatpathforever.''Iwillneverforgetthatday,''Nyamayarosays.''Achilddiesfromhungereveryfiveseconds,andIalmostbecameoneofthosechildren.AseveredroughthadhitourvillagewhenIturned8yearsoldandsuddenly,myparadisechangedovernightandtherewasnothingtoeatordrink.IthoughtIwasgoingtodie.Itfeltliketherewasnowayofgettingoutofthis.Butthenthisincrediblethinghappened,anAfrican,whowasaUnitedNationshumanitarian,foundme,andgavemeabowlofporridgethatsavedmylife.''Thechanceencounterprovidedmorethanjustlifesavingnourishment-itopenedthedoorsastowhatcouldbepossibleforher,whoimmediatelysethersightsonworkingfortheUnitedNationsjustlikehersavior.''IthoughtIwanttobelikeher,sothatonedayIcanchangethelivesofothers.I'msogratefulforthatmomentwhichwasverydevastating,becauseitgavemylifesomuchmeaningandpurpose.Thewomanshowedmewhatwaspossible.Sometimesonemomentcanreallychangeyourentirelife.''JustastheUnitedNationsworkeropenedhereyestoopportunitiespreviouslyunknown,NyamayarohopesgirlsfromAfricacandothesameforchildrengrowingupinvillagesjustlikeher,学科网（北京）股份有限公司 assheknowsherstoryisnotunique.1.Whyisayellowdressmentionedinparagraph1?A.Itstandsforherbrightfuture.B.Ithighlightsherpersonalpreference.C.Itisrelatedtothesceneryofherhometown.D.Itistheluckycolorofherhometown.2.WhydidNyamayarowanttobeahumanitarian?A.Togetridofthepovertyassoonaspossible.B.Toshouldertheresponsibilityofhelpingothers.C.Toseekforchancestobroadenhermind.D.Tosetanexampleforthewholecountry.3.WhatdoesNyamayaro'scareerstorytellus?A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B.Successmeansgettingperson'sdesiressatisfied.C.Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.D.Wherethere'sawillthere'saway.4.Whereisthispassagemostlikelyfrom?A.Amagazine.B.Anovel.C.Abrochure.D.Aguidebook.参考答案：1.推理判断题。根据第一段“Whereverontheglobeshemaybe,humanitarianNyamayarokeepsclosetohernativeAfricabycarryingayellowdress.''Itremindsmeofthebright,beautifulAfricanskyIusedtoseeinmysmallvillage,''shetellsPeople.(无论她身在世界的哪个角落，人道主义者Nyamayaro都穿着一件黄色连衣裙，与她的祖国非洲保持着密切的联系。她告诉《人物》杂志：“这让我想起了我曾经在我的小村庄看到的明亮、美丽的非洲天空。”)”推断，Nyamayaro穿的黄色连衣裙能联系到家乡的景色，故选C。2.细节理解题。根据第二段“Butthenthisincrediblethinghappened,anAfrican,whowasaUnitedNationshumanitarian,foundme,andgavemeabowlofporridgethatsavedmylife.(但后来发生了一件不可思议的事情，一个非洲人，一个联合国人道主义者，找到了我，给了我一碗粥，救了我的命)”和“Thechanceencounterprovidedmorethanjustlifesaving学科网（北京）股份有限公司 nourishment-itopenedthedoorsastowhatcouldbepossibleforher,whoimmediatelysethersightsonworkingfortheUnitedNationsjustlikehersavior.(这次偶遇提供的不仅仅是拯救生命的营养，它为她打开了一扇门，让她知道自己可以做些什么。她立刻下定决心，要像她的救世主一样为联合国工作)”可知，因为一个人道主义者帮助了Nyamayaro这件事让她先要去帮助别人，所以Nyamayaro想成为人道主义者去帮助别人，故选B。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段“JustastheUnitedNationsworkeropenedhereyestoopportunitiespreviouslyunknown,NyamayarohopesgirlsfromAfricacandothesameforchildrengrowingupinvillagesjustlikeher,assheknowsherstoryisnotunique.(正如这位联合国工作人员打开了她的眼界，看到了以前不为人知的机会，Nyamayaro希望来自非洲的女孩也能为像她一样在农村长大的孩子们做同样的事情，因为她知道她的故事并非独一无二)”和文章的描述可知Nyamayaro成为人道主义者帮助他人是因为受到帮助她的人的启发，下定决心要去做这件事，并且成功了，所以D选项“有志者事竟成”是这个故事要告诉我们的道理，故选D。4.推理判断题。根据文章描述可知，本文主要讲述人道主义者Nyamayaro小时候得到别人的帮助，这件事对她影响很大，让她下定决心以后去帮助别人的故事，这种励志故事最有可能能出现在杂志上，故选A。PassageC完型填空阅读AftertenyearsofworkingforaWallStreetbank,Ideterminedtomakeachange.Scanningadvertisements,Ilearneda___1___companywastohiremoreconsultants.Withgreatexcitement,Imadea(n)___2___withabranchpresident.ItwentsowellthatIwas___3___hewouldhiremeonthespot.___4___,hetoldmetocomebackfor12more___5___withhistopsalespeople.Overthenextfivemonths,someofthem___6___mefromworkingasaconsultantinfinance.“Youwon'tmakeit.”"Eightypercentofnewcomers___7___withintheirfirstyear."Themoretheyattackedmy___8___,themoremystomachtightened.IrealizedIwouldhaveto“fakeittillImakeit".___9___,thelastinterviewwiththepresidentcame."You'vegotthejob!”heannounced,butadded,“Onone___10___thatyoumustresignfromyourformerjob,participateinourtrainingandtakeanexam."I___11___"It's250questionslongandyoumustpassitwithoutonepointloston学科网（北京）股份有限公司 thefirst___12___!"Attractedbythisgreat___13___andthecourageIhadneverhad,Iswallowedhardandsaid,“I'lltakeit.”Asinstructed,Icutmylifelinetothe___14___andjumpedintounprovenwaters.Afterthetraining,Itooktheexamandwhenthescoresweredisplayed,Iletoutaloudsighof___15___.Imadeit!1.A.travellingB.commercialC.marketingD.financial2.A.arrangementB.appointmentC.predictionD.decision3.A.skepticalB.gladC.positiveD.negative4.A.ThusB.MoreoverC.ThenD.Instead5.A.programsB.designsC.interviewsD.bargains6.A.separatedB.discouragedC.bannedD.dismissed7.A.failB.insistC.missD.progress8.A.honorB.hobbyC.dreamD.plan9.A.GladlyB.SurprisinglyC.UnfortunatelyD.Eventually10.A.situationB.conditionC.positionD.occasion11.A.acceptedB.smiledC.panickedD.froze12.A.questionB.pointC.tryD.day13.A.achievementB.advertisementC.firmD.risk14.A.bankB.companyC.schoolD.hospital15.A.beliefB.reliefC.sorrowD.regret参考答案：1.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过浏览广告，我了解到一家金融公司要招聘更多的顾问。A.travelling旅行的；B.commercial商业的；C.marketing促销的；D.financial金融的。根据下文第二段第一句“Overthenextfivemonths,someofthem　6　mefromworkingasaconsultantinfinance.”可知，此处指“金融顾问”。故选D项。2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：怀着极大的兴奋，我与分公司总裁约好了见面。A.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 arrangement安排；B.appointment约定；C.prediction预报，预测；D.decision决定。根据句意可知，作者有意去面试，所以与分公司总裁进行了预约。故选B项。3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天，一切都很顺利，我确信他会当场雇佣我。A.skeptical怀疑的；B.glad高兴的；C.positive肯定的，积极的；D.negative否定的，消极的。根据空前“itwentsowell（一切进行得很顺利）”可知，作者自信会被录用。故选C项。4.考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他让我再去参加12次他的顶级销售人员的面试！A.Thus因此，这样；B.Moreover而且；C.Then然后；D.Instead反而。根据句意及结合上一句内容“ItwentsowellthatIwas　3　hewouldhiremeonthespot.”可知，前后意思进行了反转。故选D项。5.考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他让我再去参加12次他的顶级销售人员的面试！A.programs程序，节目；B.designs设计；C.interviews面试，采访；D.bargains交易，便宜货。根据空后的“salespeople”以及第三段第一句“　　9　　,thelastinterviewwiththepresidentcame.”可知，作者接受的是12次面试。故选C项。6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的五个月里，他们每个人都劝我不要做金融顾问。A.separated分开；B.discouraged劝阻；C.banned禁止；D.dismissed开除。根据后文“Youwon'tmakeit.(“你不会成功的。”)”可知，一些人不看好作者能获得这份工作。故选B项。7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：“80%的新人在第一年就失败了”。A.fail失败；B.insist坚持；C.miss错过，想念；D.progress进步。根据空前“Youwon’tmakeit.(“你不会成功的。”)”可知，面试官们依然继续打击作者，认为作者会失败。故选A项。8.考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他把她推荐给了别人，最终一家旅行社注意到了她。A.honor荣誉；B.hobby爱好；C.dream梦想；D.plan计划。根据第一段第一句“AftertenyearsofworkingforaWallStreetbank,Ideterminedtomakeachange.（在一家华尔街银行工作了十年之后，我决定做出改变。）”可知，做金融顾问是作者的愿望，是他的梦想。故选C项。9.考查副词词义辨析。句意：终于，总统的最后一次面试来了。A.Gladly高兴地；B.Surprisingly惊人地；C.Unfortunately不幸地；D.Eventually最终。根据空后的“thelastinterview（最后一次面试）”可知，这是12次面试的最后一次，应该用Eventually表示最终。故选D项。10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：你被录用了!”他宣布，但又补充道，“学科网（北京）股份有限公司 有一个条件，你必须辞去原来的工作，参加我们的培训并参加考试。”A.situation处境；B.condition条件；C.position位置，职位；D.occasion时机，场合。根据本句“Onone　　10　　thatyoumustresignfromyourformerjob”可知，面试官告诉作者只有一种条件就是让他辞去之前的工作才能被录用。故选B项。11.考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这道题有250道，一次必须通过，不得掉一分!”A.accepted接受；B.smiled微笑；C.panicked恐慌；D.froze冻住，惊呆。根据空前一句“Onone　　10　　thatyoumustresignfromyourformerjob,participateinourtrainingandtakeanexam.”及空后“It's250questionslongandyoumustpassitwithoutonepointlostonthefirst　　12　　!”可知，作者在这里听到面试官这么多要求后惊呆了。故选D项。12.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我愣住了:“这道题有250道，一次必须通过，不得掉一分!”A.question问题；B.point点，分数；C.try尝试；D.day天。根据本句内容“It's250questionslongandyoumustpassitwithoutonepointlostonthefirst　　12　　!”可知，面试官要求作者250题一次性做对。故选C项。13.【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。这个巨大的冒险和我从未有过的勇气吸引了我，我用力咽了咽，说:“我接受。”A.achievement成就；B.advertisement广告；C.firm公司；D.risk风险。根据空后内容“Iswallowedhardandsaid,“I'lltakeit.”（我用力咽了咽，说：“我接受。）”可知，作者第一次尝试考试，就要全部通过，接受面试官的这种挑战，无疑是一种冒险。故选D项。14.考查名词词义辨析。句意：按照指示，我切断了通往银行的生命线，跳进了未经证实的水域。A.bank银行；B.company公司；C.school学校；D.hospital医院。根据第一段第一句“AftertenyearsofworkingforaWallStreetbank,Ideterminedtomakeachange.（在一家华尔街银行工作了十年之后，我决定做出改变。）”可知，作者听从了面试官的建议，决定辞去原来银行的工作。故选A项。15.考查名词词义辨析。句意：训练结束后，我参加了考试，当分数显示出来时，我松了一口气。A.belief信念；B.relief救济，安慰；C.sorrow悲伤；D.regret后悔，遗憾。根据空后“Imadeit!（我成功了！）”可知，作者顺利通过了训练，所以心情放松了。故选B项。PassageD语法填空 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Coca-Cola1(rank)theworld’sNo.1plasticpolluterbyBreakFreeFromPlasticand2(it)bottleswerethemostfrequentlyfoundonbeaches,rivers,parksandotherlittersites.Lastyearitwasthemost3(frequent)litteredbottlein37countriesoutof51surveyed.Theannualaudit(审计)4(undertake)by15,000volunteersaroundtheworld,identifiesthelargestnumberofplasticproductsfromglobalbrandsfoundinthehighestnumberofcountries.Thisyeartheycollected346,494piecesofplasticwaste,63%of5wasmarkedwithaconsumerbrand.“Theworld’stoppollutingcorporationsclaimtobeworkinghardtosolveplasticpollution,6theyarecontinuingtopumpout7(harm)single-useplasticpackaging,”saidEmmaPriestland,BreakFreeFromPlastic’sglobalcampaigncoordinator(协调员).Priestlandsaidtheonlywaytoquitthegrowingglobaltideofplasticlitterwastostopproduction.Coca-Colacameunderfirefromenvironmentalcampaignersearlierthisyearwhenitannounceditwouldnotabandonplasticbottles,sayingthey8(be)popularwithcustomers.InMarch,Coca-Cola,PepsiCo,NestleandUnileverwerefoundtoberesponsible9halfamilliontonnesofplasticpollutioninsixdeveloping10(country)eachyearinasurvey.参考答案：1.wasranked。考查谓语动词。句中主语是Coca-Cola，可知谓语动词要用单数，且空格处应用被动语态，被列为……。2.its。考查形容词性物主代词。空格后bottles（名词），故用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。3.frequently。考查副词。空格后littered（动词的过去式，乱扔垃圾），应用副词修饰动词。4.undertaken。考查过去分词。本句已有谓语identifies，故空格需用非谓语动词作非限制定语，空格后by提示动词与句子的主语Theannualaudit(审计)是逻辑上的动宾关系，故空格需填过去分词undertaken。5.which。考查关系代词。空格之前是完整的句子结构，可知此处是定语从句，从句中缺主语，指代名词plasticwaste（塑料垃圾）。学科网（北京）股份有限公司 6.but/yet。考查连词。根据上下文语境可知句中表转折。意为：世界上最大的污染企业声称正在努力解决塑料污染问题，但是他们还在继续生产有害的一次性塑料。7.harmful。考查形容词。空格后single-useplastic（一次性塑料袋）是名词，故用形容词修饰名词。8.were。考查主谓一致。伴随状语saying后接宾语从句中的主语是they，故空格动词应用复数，根据上下文，空格需用一般过去时were。9.for。考查固定搭配。beresponsiblefor对……负责。10.countries。考查名词复数。空格前有six修饰国家，故应用名词复数countries。PassageE应用文写作训练假设你是晨光中学的李华,三个月之后你即将从高中毕业,你在浏览一所大学的网站时对其生物专业深感兴趣,请根据以下要点写一封英文信。内容提示:1.介绍自己;2.咨询内容:大学申请资格、奖学金项目细节;3.自我特长及申请意愿。注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案：DearSir/Madam,IamastudentatChenguangHighSchoolexpectingtograduateinthreemonths.IcameacrossyourschoolwebsiteandIamspecificallyinterestedinBiologyDepartmentofyouruniversity.SoI’mwritingtoinquireaboutyourrequirementsandqualificationsforapplicationandenrollmentaswellasthedetailsofyourscholarshipprogram.Ihaveagoodacademicrecord,meanwhileactivelyinvolvingmyselfinvariousactivities.IwouldfeelgreatlyhonoredifI’mqualifiedtobeoneofyourstudents.Iwouldalsoappreciatereceivingthedetailsofinformation.Lookforwardtoyourpromptresponseonthismatter.Respectfully,LiHua学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司