备战2022新高考英语之特色题型增分练DAY 8 （学生Word版）

DAY8备战2022高考英语之特色题型增分练（学生版）目录内容PassageA说明文阅读PassageB说明文阅读PassageC完型填空PassageD语法填空PassageE应用文写作PassageA说明文阅读IsAmericaruiningEnglishorgivingitnewlife?Mostofthisolddebateconcernswords.Iselevatoranimprovementonlift?Whysaytransportationwhentransportwilldo?Sometimesitinvolvesspelling,specificallytheAmericanreformsthatmadeBritishcentreintoAmericancenter.Realisticchangeordumbingdown?And,ofcourse,thequickestwaytotellaYankfromaBritisbypronunciation.ButthedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglish(BE)andAmericanEnglish(AE)gobeyondwords,soundsandspellingtogrammaritself.Heretheycanbenotveryobvious,buttheyaremany:theindex(索引)ofthe“CambridgeGrammaroftheEnglishLanguage”mentionsregionaldifferencesin95places.MostpeopleassumethatanyvariationsbetweenthetwocountriesresultfromAmericaninnovation(创新),tothehorrorofBritons.Inreality,Americahasoftenbeentheconservativeone,andBritaintheinnovator.WhenBritishspeakersborrowAmericanhabits,theyaresometimesunintentionallyreadoptinganolderversionoftheirlanguage.Takethepastparticipleofget,whichinBritainisgotandinAmericagotten.TosomeBritons,Americangottenisacuteorannoyinginvention.Infact,itistheolderform,whichcamefromOldNorse.“Gotten”appearsinaBibletranslationof1535:“Treasuresthatarebadlygotten,profitnothing.”Itwasusedforcenturiesbeforebeingcombinedwiththepasttense,got,inBritain.NotthatAmericawasentirelyconservative;ithasagottoo.ButAmericansuseitdifferently:“He'sgot学科网（北京）股份有限公司 acar”meansheownsone,while“He'sgottenacar”meanshehasacquiredone.AmericanshaveindeedinnovatedextensivelywithEnglish,aswithotherthings.Butlanguageneversitsstill:theBritishvarietyitselfwentonchangingafter1776,asalllivinglanguagesmust.Americans,fortheirpart,eagerlyimportfashionableBritishslang(俚语).InsteadofcomplainingaboutAmericanisms,Britishobserverscouldsaythankstotheoldcolonies(殖民地)forkeepingtraditionalEnglishsafe.1.Whydoestheauthorraisethequestionsinthefirstparagraph?A.Toexpresshisseriousdoubts.B.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.C.Toaddsomebackgroundinformation.D.Toappealtoreaders'concernaboutEnglish.2.Whatcanweknowfromthesecondparagraph?A.BritishspeakersarewillingtoacceptAmericanhabits.B.Actually,Americaisconservativeaboutlanguagechange.C.Englishhaschangedgreatlyinthepasthundredsofyears.D.ThedifferencesbetweenBEandAEareveryeasytonotice.3.What'stheproperattitudeofBritishobserverstoEnglishdevelopmentinAmerica?A.Grateful.B.DoubtfulC.Negative.D.Favorable.4.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?A.TheWaytoTellBEfromAECorrectly.B.HowAmericaSavedOld-fashionedEnglish.C.HowBritainGavetheEnglishLanguageNewLife.D.TheDevelopmentofEnglishinDifferentCountries.PassageB说明文阅读Braincellsworktoactivelyforgetmemoriesduringaspecificperiodofsleep.Whenwesleep,ourbrainsclearoutthememorieswe’vemadewhilewe’reawake,decidingwhattokeep学科网（北京）股份有限公司 andwhattogetridof.Forgettingisanactiveprocess,explainedtheauthorsofthestudypublishedinthejournalScience.Butlessisknownaboutthisprocessduringthedifferentperiodsofsleep.Theyfoundthatduringtherapideyemovement(REM)sleepperiod---oractivesleepwhenwearethoughttodream---specialnervecellsappeartoactivelycontributetoforgetting.Whatareknownasmelanin-concentratinghormone-producing(MCH)neurons(神经元)sitinthehypothalamus(下丘脑):apartofthebrainwhichhelpswitharangeoffunctionssuchassleep,appetiteandemotions.PastresearchhassuggestedthesecellshelptocontrolREMsleeppatterns:activatingtheMCHneuronsincreasingtimespentinthisperiod,whilepreventingthemreducingchangesintothisperiod.ThescientistslookedatMCHcellsinmice,andfound52.8percentwereactiveduringREMsleep,comparedwith35percentwhenthemicewereawake.Studyco-authorThomasKilduff,directoroftheCenterforNeuroscienceatSRIInternational,toldNewsweektheteamwassurprisedtofindthatmiceperformedbetteronlearningandmemorytaskswhentheMCHcellswereprevented.“ThisresultsuggeststhatactivationoftheMCHneuronsmayaffectmemory---thatis,MCHneuronsmayfacilitateforgetting,”Kilduffexplained.Whenaskedwhatmotivatedthestudy,Kilduffsaid,“WehopetheworkcoulddeepenourunderstandingofAlzheimer’sdisease.Understandingtheneuralbasisoflearningandmemoryisahugeareaofneuroscienceresearchbecauseofitseffectsonoureverydaylives,aswellasdiseasessuchasAlzheimer’sdisease.Priortothiswork,noonesuspectedthatMCHneuronshadanythingtodowithforgetting,”saidKilduff.1.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph1?A.Forgettingisapassiveprocess.B.Theforgettingprocessisknowntous.C.Somememoriesareforgottenwhileweareawake.D.Certainmemoriesareremovedwhileweareasleep.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph2referto?A.REMsleeppatterns.B.Pastresearches.C.MCHneurons.D.Arangeoffunctions.3.WhydidKilduff’steamconducttheresearch?A.TopublishthestudyinthejournalScience.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 B.ToknowmoreaboutAlzheimer’sdisease.C.Tocontributetohuman’sforgetting.D.Toexploreoureverydaylives.4.WhatcanweknowaboutMCH?A.MCHcellstakescontrolofREMsleeppatterns.B.MCHneuronsmaydisturbmemoryconsolidation.C.MCHneuronshavenothingtodowithforgetting.D.MCHcellshelpmiceperformingbetteronlearning.PassageC完型填空阅读TheSilverLine,createdthisyear,isafree,24hourstelephonehelpline.Itoffersinformation,friendshipandadviceto　1　people. “It’softeneasiertospeaktoa　2　,andnicetoknowyoucan　3　dayornight,”saysBolton,whohasnofamilynearby.Shecalledthehelplineafteritwas　4　byothers. NewfiguresshowthatAugustwasthecharity’s　5　month,receivingmorethan45,000calls.Summercanbea(n)　6　timeforthoseleftbehindduringtheholidayseason,　7　familiarfacesareawayforholidays,fromtheshopkeepertothebusdriverorevenfamilymembers.Two-thirdsofcallsare　8　atnight-timeandweekends,whennootherservicesare　9　. 84percentofolderpeoplesayitisverydifficultto　10　loneliness,eventomembersoftheir　11　becausetheydonotwishtobecomea“burden”. Arecentstudyfoundthatalmostthree-quartersofolderpeopleintheUKare　12　,andmorethanhalfhave　13　spokentoanyoneabouthowtheyfeel. PeoplecancalltheSilverLine　14　,orbereferredbyarelativeorotherhelplines.Helplinestafftrytolearncallers’　15　firstandthensuggestinformationorlocalvoluntarysupport,aimingtoreconnectthemwiththeircommunities. 1.A.disabledB.homelessC.poorD.older2.A.neighborB.strangerC.friendD.doctor3.A.comeB.talkC.callD.visit学科网（北京）股份有限公司 4.A.mentionedB.servedC.ignoredD.blamed5.A.happiestB.busiestC.hottestD.worst6.A.difficultB.meaningfulC.unforgettableD.relaxing7.A.ifB.orC.whenD.though8.A.missedB.paidC.canceledD.received9.A.standardB.officialC.usefulD.available10.A.avoidB.recoverfromC.admittoD.value11.A.familyB.hospitalC.charityD.team12.A.healthyB.wealthyC.lonelyD.unfortunate13.A.everB.neverC.oftenD.sometimes14.A.earlyB.freelyC.directlyD.frequently15.A.needsB.interestsC.jobsD.habitsPassageD语法填空TheWorldWinterSports(Beijing)Expo2021___1___(hold)attheChinaNationalConventionCenterandShougangIndustrialParkinSep.2021,withover500brand___2__(exhibitor)fromabout20countriesandregions___3__(show)theirrichresourcesinwintersports.Italy,___4___previouslyhadtheexperiencein1956and2006,willhosttheWinterOlympicsin2026.GianpaoloBruno,adirectoroftheBeijingOfficeoftheItalianTradeAgency,saidtheagencywasveryoptimistic__5___thepotentialoftheChineseiceandsnowmarketafterthe2022WinterOlympicsinBeijing.HesaidmanycompaniesinthemanufacturingindustryforItalianiceandsnowsportshadclose___6___(cooperate)withChinainareas,___7__(range)fromvenues,equipmentandgear,toclothingandaccessories.MostItalianbrandsattheexpo___8___(be)inChinaformanyyears,andalsohavepartnershipswiththe2022WinterOlympics.HebelievestheexpoalsooffersanopportunityfortheItalianiceandsnowsportsindustrytopromote___9__(they)goodqualityproductsintheChinesemarket,and____10____eventprovidesexposureforotherItalianindustriessuchascateringandtourism.Theagencywilllaunchtheprogram"FunItalianMountainLife"nextyearinmajorChinesecitiestopromoteItaly'smountaincultureaswellasItalianlifestyles.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 PassageE应用文写作训练某英语报刊面向中学生征集题为“ProtectGoldenMonkeys!”的海报，内容包括：1.数量：属于珍稀濒危动物，仅千余只；2.濒危原因：人类的过度开发；栖息地破坏；3.政府措施和你的职责。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Luckily,hehadafirst-aidkitinthecar.___________________________________________________________________________学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司