1.名词的单复数形式和名词所有格的使用,2.可数名词与不可数名词的混用,3.名词与其他词类间的转换基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．It’sonlyhalfanhour’s(hour)drivefromheretothenearesthospital.2．Adaptedfromashortnovel，thefilmturnedouttobeafailure(fail)．3．InChina，wealwaysspendtheSpringFestivalwithourfamilies(family)，eatingdumplings，laughingandjoking.4．Hepushedandpulledwithallhisstrength(strong)tomovetheheavystone.5．Portman’seducationalbackgroundhasinfluencedoneofherprojects(project)．6．Ihaveastrongbelief(believe)thatonedaystudentscanbuythesetickets，too.7．Thistrendhashadsomeunintendedsideeffects(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease.8．TeaonlymadeitswaytoEnglandinlargequantities(quantity)inthefirstyearsofthe17thcentury.9．Twoofmyheroes(hero)havecompletedabigproject.10．Andaftergraduation(graduate)in2019，shewenttotheUSAforfurthereducation.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11．Lotsofaccidentswithcyclistsoftenhappenbecauseofcrowded.12．Afterall，helpingpeopleinneedisagoodwaytoobtainjoyand.13．Beforelong，IcouldspeakEnglishwellandIalsomadegreatinmywrittenEnglish.14．Wecouldn’tfindahotelbecausetherewerequitealotofinthisoldcity.15．Intherushhour，thereweresomanycarsandontheroad，soIwasstuck.16．Intheend，shedecidedtoseethewisemaninthisvillagetoaskforsome.
17．Thegirltoldmethatshehadneverreadthefamousnovelbutshehadheardofhisname.18．Afterthatwe’llhavesometogether，singing，dancingandplayinggames.19．Afteratenwalk，thesepeoplearrivedatthefamousvillage.20．Thereweretellingustowashhandsfrequentlyandwearmasks.在语法填空中1．查看句子结构。弄清所填词在句中充当什么成分。如果充当主语或宾语，必须用名词或代词形式；充当表语、定语等则要认真考虑。2．查看修饰语。一是通过观察空格前是否有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、动词、介词等分析所填词是否是名词；二是考虑固定短语或固定搭配。3．确定名词形式。根据提示词考虑词形变化，即名词的单复数形式、所有格等。在短文改错中短文改错主要通过对句子结构及修饰语的理解考查名词的单复数或所有格。设题主要有三种形式：1．名词复数误用单数形式；2．不可数名词误用复数形式；3．复数形式错误。为此，可从三方面入手：1．查看名词前的修饰语，确定名词单复数形式。若有超过1的基数词或由many，(a)few，several，couple等修饰，后面的名词用复数形式。2．查看谓语动词的形式，确定名词单复数形式。若谓语动词为are，were，have等，作主语的可数名词用复数形式。3．查看名词的复数形式，确定复数形式是否正确。特别注意不规则名词的变化情况。能力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解AAgroupofvolunteersjoinedforcestoformahumanchaintofreefourdolphinswhichhadbeenstranded(搁浅)inacanalforfourdays.ThefourdolphinswereseeninthewaterneartheFossilParkneighborhoodinStPetersburg，Florida，US，onSunday.ExpertsfromtheFloridaFishandWildlifeConservationCommission(FWC)hadmonitoredthedolphins’activitiesinthepast
fewdaysandhopedthattheywouldswimoutwiththetide.Butwhenthedolphinsstruggledtoleavethecanal，thebravevolunteersjoinedmembersoftheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationandtheClearwaterMarineAquariumtoformarescueteamtofreethem.Dozensofpeoplegatheredtotakevideosandpicturesofthekindact.Ateamof14volunteersheldhandstoactasablocktoguidethedolphinsoutofthenarrowchannel.TheyshoutedandpattedthewaterwiththeirhandstodirectthedolphinstovastexpansesofRivieraBay.Dolphinsfindtheirwayinthewaterthroughecholocation(回声定位)．Thatmeansthat，bymakinghighfrequencysounds，theycanrecognizetheechoesofsoundwavesthatbounceoffobjectstofindtheirwayaround.AndyGarrett，abiologistoftheFWCsaid，“Wewereabletokeepthatchaintogether.Thedolphinswereinterested.Theyactuallycameoverrightaway.”Headdedthatwhentheteamreachedabridge，thedolphinsappearedabitnervousandstarteddoingsomespins.“Theymadeonerealhardpassatourteamandthenwentunderthebridgeandtookoff，”Garrettsaid.Theoperationlastedabout45minutesandtherescueteamdidnotusenetsoranyitemsthatcouldstressthedolphins.1．WhatcanweknowaboutthedolphinsfromParagraph1?A．Theyformedachaintoprotectthemselves.B．TheylivedinthewaterneartheFossilPark.C．Theywereobservedinsecretbyvolunteers.D．Theywereforcedtostayinacanalforfourdays.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，四只海豚被困在运河里四天了。故选D。2．Whydidvolunteersshoutandpatthewater?A．Tomakesoundstoattractsomepeople.B．ToguidethedolphinsouttoRivieraBay.C．Tocelebratethesuccessofsavingdolphins.D．Totestthedifferentreactionsofthedolphins.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“TheyshoutedandpattedthewaterwiththeirhandstodirectthedolphinstovastexpansesofRivieraBay.”可知，志愿者这样做的目的是引导海豚到里维埃拉湾。故选B。3．Whatwordscouldbestdescribetherescuers?A．Braveandcaring.B．Cautiousandhumorous.
C．Smartandambitious.D．Optimisticandenergetic.答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句和最后一段最后一句可推知，救援人员勇敢且具有爱心。故选A。4．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Dolphinsswamtothecanaltohuntforfood.B．Rescuersformedahumanchaintosavedolphins.C．Volunteershelpedfourdolphinsfindtheirwayhome.D．Expertsstudiedthewaysofdolphins’findingdirections.答案 B解析 主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了救援人员组成人链来拯救海豚。故选B。BNobodylikestofail.Itmakespeoplefeelembarrassedanddiscouraged.What’sworse，itmaycausemajorprofessionalorpersonaltroubleandleadtonegativity.Basically，failureisnofunformostpeople.However，avastbodyofresearchtellsusthatfailureprovidesuswithachancetogrowanddevelop，increasesadaptability，andhelpsprotectagainstanxiety.It’shardtochangethemindset(心态)ofalifetime.Butevenifwestillcan’tgetoverthebrokenmarriageorthefailedCollegeEntranceExaminationortheworkpresentationthatwentfearfullywrong，itmightnotbetoolateforourkids.ChristyPennison，aprofessionalconsultant，sayssheworkswithanincreasingnumberofkidsandteenswhoshowsignificantanxietyaroundafearoffailure.Shesaid，“Wewanttoprotectourchildren，andwewantthemtolivehappyandmeaningfullives，sowefrequentlytellthemtheharmoffailureandaskthemtoavoidfailure.Thechildrenexperiencinginternalandsometimesexternalpressurethinktheyshouldn’tfail.Meanwhile，wealwayshavehighexpectationsofthem.Sowhentheydon’tliveuptoacertainstandard，orthingsdon’tgoaccordingtotheplans，theywillfeelupsetandanxious.”Pennisonarguesthatfailuresareoftenthehiddenlearningchancesthatcanhelppeopledeveloppositivequalities，likepersistence，concentration，flexibility，patience，andpositiveselfimage.Sowhatcanparentsdotohelptheirchildrenembrace(拥抱)failureinsteadofavoidingitatallcosts？Pennisonsuggestsdirectingpraisetowardstheeffort，nottheresult.“Thisallowschildrentobuildconfidenceinthemselves，”sheexplains.“Acknowledgingtheeffortcangivechildrenpermissiontotrynewthingswithoutafearoffailure.Andthebiggerpictureisthatthedevelopment
ofthemindset—‘I’drathertryandfailthannottryatall.’—helpsthemkeepabeliefinthemselves，andexpandstheirworldofpossibilities.”AsPennisonpointsout，weallfail，buthowwegetupafterwefailiswhatmatters.语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了失败并不完全是一件坏事，它可以培养人们积极的品质，如坚持和耐心，并阐述了我们应该如何让孩子学会面对失败。5．Whataspectdomostpeoplefocusonwhenthinkingoffailure?A．Thegreatcouragetofaceit.B．Theeffortsmadetohandleit.C．Unexpectedbenefitsitbrings.D．Unpleasantsideeffectsitbrings.答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可推知，大部分人想到失败时都关注它带来的负面影响。6．WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?A．Bringupthemaintopic.B．Listthechallengesinourlife.C．Addsomebackgroundinformation.D．Stresstheimportanceofthemindset.答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要是为了引出文章议论的话题：家长需要帮助孩子树立对失败的正确态度。7．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthethirdparagraph?A．Thecausesofchildren’sanxiety.B．ChristyPennison’scommentsonadolescents.C．Theconsequencesofoverprotectingchildren.D．ChristyPennison’sexperienceineducatingchildren.答案 A解析 段落大意题。根据第三段中的“...wefrequentlytellthemtheharmoffailure...”以及“Meanwhile，wealwayshavehighexpectationsofthem.”可知，本段主要分析了导致孩子焦虑的原因。8．Whichofthefollowingadvicecanhelpparentsencouragekidstofacefailure?①Praisekids’everyachievement.②Makekidsembraceabrightmindset.
③Focusontheprocessofkids’effort.④Expandkids’knowledgeabouttheworld.⑤Encouragekidstomakenewattempts.A．①②④B．②③④C．②③⑤D．①③⑤答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Pennisonsuggestsdirectingpraisetowardstheeffort...buildconfidenceinthemselves...trynewthings”可知，关注努力的过程、使孩子拥有一个积极的心态及鼓励孩子尝试可帮助他们勇敢面对失败。Ⅳ.七选五It’simpossibletoprovideanexactnumberofwordsinEnglish，sincenewwordsarebeingaddedtothedictionary，andfallingoutofuseconstantly.1Theshortansweris：aboutamillion.Doubtyouknowanythingevenclosetoamillionwords?Thatnumberincludesanynumberoflegal，medical，scientific，andmechanicaltermsthatmostpeoplewillnevermeetintheirdaytodaylives.2The“million”numberalsoincludesthemany，manywordsthathavefallenoutofusethroughoutthetime.3Considertheword“diddle”，aslangtermfromthe1700sthatmeans“gin”．ManyEnglishspeakerswouldrecognize“gin”，butfarfewerwouldrecognize“diddle”．Ifamillionwordsistheabsoluteupperlevel，howdoesthatcomparewiththegeneralvocabularyofmostEnglishspeakers?4MostEnglishspeakingadultsknowbetween20,000and30,000words.Andinadditiontothosemanythousandsofwords，they’reprobablyabletocomprehendagood20,000morejustfromcontextclues.5Youwon’tfindasingledictionarythatincludesanywhereclosetothetotalmillionwords.Oneofthereasonsisthatgeneralusagedictionariesdon’tincludelotsoftechnicalterms—bothbecauseofhowuncommontheyareand，insomecases，becauseoflength.ThelongestwordintheEnglishlanguageisatermfromchemistrythatisusedtoidentifyacertainkindofprotein.Itis180,000letterslong.Soyoucertainlywon’tseeitinthedictionary.A．Butwhat’sthenumber?B．Morethanyoumightthink!C．Thatdoesn’tamounttoawholelot，though!D．Then，howmanywordsarethereinthebook?E．Whilewordsliketheseareveryuncommon，theystillcount.F．Ifyourecognizetheseuncommonwords，wesadlynolongerusethem.
G．Thoughremovedfromthedictionary，theystillcountasEnglishwords.语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在英语中提供确切的单词数量是不可能的，并说明了原因。1．答案 A解析 由下一句“简而言之，答案是：大约一百万”可知，此处承接下文，A选项“但是数量是多少”切题；该选项中的thenumber对应下一句的aboutamillion。故选A项。2．答案 E解析 由上一句“这个数字包括许多法律、医学、科学和机械术语，大多数人在日常生活中永远不会遇到这些术语”可知，此处承接上文，E选项“虽然像这样的词是非常不常见的词，但它们仍然很重要”切题；该选项中的veryuncommon对应上一句的mostpeoplewillnevermeetintheirdaytodaylives。故选E项。3．答案 G解析 由上一句“‘百万’这个数字还包括了许多，许多在这段时间里已经不再使用的词”和本段下两句的“想想‘diddle’这个词，一个18世纪的俚语，意思是‘gin’。许多讲英语的人会认出‘gin’，但很少有人会认出‘diddle’”可知，此处承接上下文，G选项“虽然已从词典中删去，但它们仍算作英语单词”切题。故选G项。4．答案 B解析 由下一句“大多数说英语的成年人知道20000到30000个单词”可知，此处承接下文，B选项“比你想象的还要多”切题；该选项指与大多数英语使用者的一般词汇相比，一百万词汇量很大。故选B项。5．答案 D解析 由下一句“你找不到任何一本字典，里面有接近一百万个单词。”可知，此处承接下文，D选项“那么，这本书有多少字？”切题；该选项中的thebook和howmanywords对应下一句的asingledictionary和thetotalmillionwords。故选D项。Ⅰ.高频词汇积累1．guidev．指引；指导n.导游；向导2．failuren．[C]失败者；失败的事情；[U]失败3．anxietyn．忧虑，担心；渴望4．huntv．搜寻；追踪；打猎n．搜寻；行动5．embarrassedadj.尴尬的；窘迫的6．discouragedadj.灰心丧气的；气馁的
7．consultantn．顾问；会诊医师8．avoidv．避免，防止；躲避9．expectationn．期望，期待10．expandv．扩大；发展Ⅱ.长难句分析1．However，avastbodyofresearchtellsusthatfailureprovidesuswithachancetogrowanddevelop，increasesadaptability，andhelpsprotectagainstanxiety.[句式分析] 该句为复合句。主干部分为avastbodyofresearchtellsusthat...；that引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中，provide，increase，help为三个并列的谓语；todo不定式短语作定语，修饰chance。[自主翻译] 然而，大量的研究告诉我们，失败为我们提供了成长和发展的机会，提高适应能力，并有助于防止焦虑。[仿写运用] 我们的老师经常告诉我们，学好英语使我们更容易找到一份好工作，让我们有能力与更多的人交流，并且开阔视野。OurteacheroftentellsusthatlearningEnglishwellmakesiteasierforustofindagoodjob，enablesustocommunicatewithmorepeopleandbroadensourhorizons.2．AsPennisonpointsout，weallfail，buthowwegetupafterwefailiswhatmatters.[句式分析] as引导一个非限制性定语从句；but连接两个并列句，but后的句子为主系表结构；how引导的主语从句作主语，此句中又含有after引导的时间状语从句；what引导表语从句。[自主翻译] 正如佩尼森所指出的，我们都会失败，但我们失败后如何站起来才是重要的。[仿写运用] 众所周知，我们都会犯错误，但如何避免下次犯同样的错误才是最重要的。Asisknowntousall，weallmakemistakes，buthowweavoidmakingthesamemistakenexttimeiswhatmatters.
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